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louis pouzin wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 biography 2 awards 3 see also 4 references 5 further reading 6 external links toggle the table of contents louis pouzin 17 languages العربية deutsch español euskara français հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 malagasy minangkabau norsk nynorsk polski português русский 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia french computer scientist and internet pioneer born 1931 louis pouzin louis pouzin en 2013 born 20 april 1931 chantenay saint imbert education école polytechnique occupation computer scientist awards queen elizabeth prize for engineering 2013 ieee internet award for his pioneering development and effective advocacy of datagram networking the technology that enabled the rapid inexpensive decentralized expansion of the internet 2001 internet hall of fame 2012 sigcomm award for lifetime contribution 1997 officer of the legion of honor 2018 louis pouzin born 20 april 1931 is a french computer scientist and internet pioneer he directed the development of the cyclades computer network in france the early 1970s which implemented a novel design for packet communication he was the first to implement the end to end principle in a wide area network which became fundamental to the design of the internet this network was the first implementation of the pure datagram model initially conceived and described by donald davies subsequently named by halvor bothner by and seen by louis pouzin as his personal invention his work and that of his colleagues hubert zimmerman and gérard le lann were acknowledged by vinton cerf as substantial contributions to the design of tcp ip the protocol suite used by the internet biography edit louis pouzin was born in chantenay saint imbert nièvre france on 20 april 1931 he studied at the école polytechnique from 1950 to 1952 having participated in the design of the compatible time sharing system ctss at mit pouzin wrote a program for it called runcom around 1963 64 runcom permitted the execution of commands contained within a folder and can be considered the ancestor of the command line interface and shell scripts pouzin was the one who coined the term shell for a command language interpreter separate from the kernel in 1964 or 1965 1 pouzin s concepts were later implemented in multics by glenda schroeder at mit 2 schroeder developed the first multics shell with the assistance of an unnamed man from general electric schroeder s multics shell was the predecessor to the unix shell which is still in use today working with glenda schroeder and pat crisman he also described an early e mail system called mail to allow users on the ctss to send notifications to others about backups of files 3 4 each user s messages would be added to a local file called mail box which would have a private mode so that only the owner could read or delete messages 5 the proposed uses of the proto email system were for communication from ctss to notify users that files had been backed up discussion between authors of ctss commands and communication from command authors to the ctss manual editor 5 the service only made it possible to leave messages for the other users on the same computer the idea to allow users to send messages between computers was developed later by ray tomlinson in 1971 6 from 1967 to 1969 pouzin developed one operating system for météo france the french national meteorological service using cdc 6400 as hardware this system was created for weather forecast and statistics and was used for 15 years 7 pouzin directed the pioneering cyclades networking project from 1971 to 1976 at iria 8 building on donald davies s simulation of datagram networks and the american arpanet pouzin built the cigale packet switching network to research internetworking concepts 9 cyclades used a layered protocol architecture as did the internet later 10 11 12 he co founded the international network working group at a computer networking conference he organised in paris in june 1972 and was instrumental in developing the groups ideas 13 14 15 16 he was acknowledged by bob kahn and vint cerf in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking protocols a protocol for packet network intercommunication 17 in 2002 pouzin along with jean louis grangé jean pierre henninot and jean françois morfin participated in the creation of eurolinc which is a non profit association that promotes multilingualism in domain names in june 2003 eurolinc was accredited by uno to participate at the world summit on the information society wsis 18 in november 2011 he founded savoir faire an alternative root company with chantal lebrument and quentin perrigueur 19 20 in 2012 he developed a service called open root which is dedicated to sell top level domains tld in all scripts outside of icann this way people can develop second level domains for free 21 awards edit 1997 pouzin received the acm sigcomm award for pioneering work on connectionless packet communication 22 2003 louis pouzin was named a chevalier of the legion of honor by the french government on march 19 2003 23 2012 pouzin was inducted into the internet hall of fame by the internet society 24 2013 pouzin was one of five internet and web pioneers awarded the inaugural queen elizabeth prize for engineering 25 2016 pouzin received the global it award 26 2018 pouzin is promoted officer of the legion of honor 23 see also edit biography portal france portal history of the internet internet in france internet pioneers protocol wars rémi després references edit the internet s fifth man brain scan the economist london economist group december 13 2013 mr pouzin created a program called runcom that helped users automate tedious and repetitive commands that program which he described as a shell around the computer s whirring innards gave inspiration and a name to an entire class of software tools called command line shells that still lurk below the surface of modern operating systems the origin of the shell multicians accessed 31 march 2012 pat crisman glenda schroeder louis pouzin programming staff note 39 proposed minimum system documentation pdf the history of electronic mail www multicians org retrieved 21 august 2017 1 2 van vleck t january 2012 electronic mail and text messaging in ctss 1965 1973 ieee annals of the history of computing 34 1 4 6 doi 10 1109 mahc 2012 6 s2cid 201795798 boryczka urszula probierz barbara kozak jan 2016 automatic categorization of email into folders by ant colony decision tree and social networks intelligent decision technologies 2016 smart innovation systems and technologies vol 57 pp 71 81 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 39627 9_7 isbn 978 3 319 39626 2 grangé j l 2012 oral history interview with jean louis grangé by andrew l russell say bonjour to the internet s long lost french uncle wired 3 january 2013 retrieved 11 september 2017 comment j ai inventé le datagramme archived from the original on 2019 02 28 retrieved 2020 09 18 abbate janet 2000 inventing the internet mit press p 125 isbn 978 0 262 51115 5 pelkey james 6 3 cyclades network and louis pouzin 1971 1972 entrepreneurial capitalism and innovation a history of computer communications 1968 1988 archived from the original on 2021 06 17 retrieved 2020 02 17 c hempstead w worthington 2005 encyclopedia of 20th century technology routledge isbn 9781135455514 pelkey james 8 3 cyclades network and louis pouzin 1971 1972 entrepreneurial capitalism and innovation a history of computer communications 1968 1988 hafner katie lyon matthew 1999 08 19 1996 where wizards stay up late the origins of the internet simon and schuster p 222 isbn 978 0 684 87216 2 andrew l russell 30 july 2013 osi the internet that wasn t ieee spectrum vol 50 no 8 mckenzie alexander 2011 inwg and the conception of the internet an eyewitness account ieee annals of the history of computing 33 1 66 71 doi 10 1109 mahc 2011 9 issn 1934 1547 s2cid 206443072 cerf v kahn r 1974 a protocol for packet network intercommunication pdf ieee transactions on communications 22 5 637 648 citeseerx 10 1 1 113 7384 doi 10 1109 tcom 1974 1092259 issn 1558 0857 the authors wish to thank a number of colleagues for helpful comments during early discussions of international network protocols especially r metcalfe r scantlebury d walden and h zimmerman d davies and l pouzin who constructively commented on the fragmentation and accounting issues and s crocker who commented on the creation and destruction of associations eurolinc www eurolinc eu retrieved 2025 04 04 lebrument chantal louis pouzin january 13 2012 les nouvelles root de l internet archived from the original on february 22 2014 retrieved february 17 2022 savoir faire biographies louis pouzin archived from the original on 2023 04 01 open root open root eu retrieved 2025 04 04 postel and pouzin 1997 sigcomm award winners archived 2013 11 14 at the wayback machine acm sigcomm web site 1 2 décret du 31 décembre 2018 portant promotion et nomination 2012 inductees archived 2012 12 13 at the wayback machine internet hall of fame website last accessed april 24 2012 2013 winners announced archived 2017 01 02 at the wayback machine queen elizabeth prize for engineering louis pouzin global it award further reading edit the internet s fifth man economist 13 december 2013 retrieved 11 september 2017 in the early 1970s mr pouzin created an innovative data network that linked locations in france italy and britain its simplicity and efficiency pointed the way to a network that could connect not just dozens of machines but millions of them it captured the imagination of dr cerf and dr kahn who included aspects of its design in the protocols that now power the internet russell andrew l schafer valérie 2014 in the shadow of arpanet and internet louis pouzin and the cyclades network in the 1970s technology and culture 55 4 880 907 doi 10 1353 tech 2014 0096 issn 1097 3729 s2cid 143582561 soyez fabien lebrument chantal 2020 the inventions of louis pouzin one of the fathers of the internet berlin springer isbn 978 3 030 34836 6 external links edit louis pouzin a major internet figure inria v t e internet hall of fame pioneers 2012 paul baran vint cerf danny cohen steve crocker donald davies elizabeth j feinler charles herzfeld robert kahn peter t kirstein leonard kleinrock john klensin jon postel louis pouzin lawrence roberts 2013 david clark david farber howard frank kanchana kanchanasut j c r licklider bob metcalfe jun murai kees neggers nii quaynor glenn ricart robert taylor stephen wolff werner zorn 2014 douglas engelbart susan estrada frank heart dennis jennings rolf nordhagen radia perlman global connectors 2012 randy bush kilnam chon al gore nancy hafkin geoff huston brewster kahle daniel karrenberg toru takahashi tan tin wee 2013 karen banks gihan dias anriette esterhuysen steve goldstein teus hagen ida holz qiheng hu haruhisa ishida barry leiner george sadowsky 2014 dai davies demi getschko masaki hirabaru erik huizer steve huter abhaya induruwa dorcas muthoni mahabir pun srinivasan ramani michael roberts ben segal douglas van houweling 2017 nabil bukhalid ira fuchs shigeki goto mike jensen ermanno pietrosemoli tadao takahashi florencio utreras wu jianping innovators 2012 mitchell baker tim berners lee robert cailliau van jacobson lawrence landweber paul mockapetris craig newmark ray tomlinson linus torvalds phil zimmermann 2013 marc andreessen john perry barlow françois flückiger stephen kent anne marie eklund löwinder henning schulzrinne richard stallman aaron swartz jimmy wales 2014 eric allman eric bina karlheinz brandenburg john cioffi hualin qian paul vixie 2017 jaap akkerhuis yvonne marie andres alan emtage ed krol tracy laquey parker craig partridge inductees since 2019 2019 adiel akplogan kimberly claffy douglas comer elise gerich larry irving dan lynch jean armour polly josé soriano michael stanton klaas wierenga suguru yamaguchi ja 2021 carlos afonso rob blokzijl hans werner braun de frode greisen jan gruntorad saul hahn kim hubbard rafael ibarra xing li yngvar lundh dan kaminsky daeyoung kim kenneth klingenstein alejandro pisanty yakov rekhter philip smith pål spilling liane tarouco pt virginia travers george varghese lixia zhang 2023 abhay bhushan laura breeden ivan moura campos steve cisler peter eckersley hartmut richard glaser simon s lam william schrader guy de téramond authority control databases international isni viaf gnd worldcat national united states france bnf data netherlands norway poland israel belgium academics cinii association for computing machinery scopus zbmath dblp other idref retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title louis_pouzin oldid 1334010719 categories école polytechnique alumni french computer scientists 1931 births living people internet pioneers knights of the legion of honour french recipients of the legion of honour hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with hcards articles with infoboxes completely from wikidata articles using template infobox person wikidata webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 21 january 2026 at 01 16 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons 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