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the chateau de bagatelle in just sixty three days to win a bet for its builder the king s brother another period landmark was the belvedere of the petit trianon built by richard mique the most characteristic building of the late louis xvi residential style is the hôtel de salm in paris now the palais de la légion d honneur built by pierre rousseau in 1751 1783 superbly crafted desks and cabinets were created for the palace of versailles and other royal residences by cabinetmakers jean henri riesener and david roentgen using inlays of fine woods particularly mahogany and decorated with gilded bronze and mother of pearl equally fine sets of chairs and tables were made by jean henri riesener and georges jacob 2 the royal tapestry works of gobelins aubusson and beauvais continued to make large tapestries but an increasing part of their business was the manufacture of upholstery for the new sets of chairs sofas and other furnishings for the royal residences and nobility wallpaper also became an important part of interior design thanks to new processes developed by reveillon in hungary it is known as copf style origins and influences edit the louis xvi style was a reaction to and transition the french baroque style which had dominated french architecture decoration and art since the mid 17th century and partly from a desire to establish a new beau idéal or ideal of beauty based on the purity and grandeur of the art of the ancient romans and greeks in 1754 the french engraver painter and art critic charles nicolas cochin denounced the curves and undulations of the predominant rocaille style don t torture without reason those things which could be straight and come back to the good sense which is the beginning of good taste 3 louis xvi himself showed little enthusiasm for art or architecture he left the management of these to charles claude flahaut de la billaderie the count of angiviller who was made director general of the bâtiments du roi 4 angeviller for financial reasons postponed a grand enlargement of the palace of versailles but completed the new château de compiègne 1751 1783 begun by louis xv and decorated it from 1782 to 1786 the king s principal architectural addition to versailles was the new library on the first floor begun 1774 he was much more generous to queen marie antoinette she redecorated the grand apartments of the queen at versailles in 1785 and carried out important works on her apartments at the palace of fontainebleau and compiègne as well as new apartments in the tuileries palace the king also gave the queen the petit trianon at versailles and in 1785 bought a new château for her at st cloud 5 classicism based roman and greek models had been used in french architecture since the time of louis xiv he rejected a plan by gian lorenzo bernini for a baroque façade of the louvre palace and chose instead a classical façade with a colonnade and pediment the architects of louis xiv jules hardouin mansart and jacques lemercier turned away from the gothic and renaissance style and used a baroque version of the roman dome on the new churches at val de grace and les invalides louis xv and his chief architects jacques ange gabriel and jacques germain soufflot continued the style of architecture based upon symmetry and the straight line gabriel created the ensemble of classical buildings around the place de la concorde while soufflot designed the panthéon 1758 1790 on the roman model 6 an influential building from the late louis xv period was the petit trianon at versailles 1762 1764 by jacques ange gabriel built for the mistress of the king madame de pompadour its cubic form symmetric facade and corinthian peristyle similar to the villas of palladio made it model for the following louis xvi style another notable influence on the style was the architecture of the renaissance architect andrea palladio which influenced the building of country houses in england as well as the french architect claude nicolas ledoux 1736 1806 palladio s ideas were the inspiration for the château de louveciennes and its neoclassical music pavilion 1770 1771 built by claude nicolas ledoux for the mistress of louis xv madame du barry the pavilion is cubic in form with a facade of four pilasters supporting the architrave and the pilaster of the terrace it became the model for similar houses under louis xvi 7 the petit trianon at versailles 1762 1764 by jacques ange gabriel music pavilion at the château de louveciennes 1770 1771 by claude nicolas ledoux motifs and ornaments edit the decorative motifs of louis xvi style were inspired by antiquity the louis xiv style and nature characteristic elements of the style a torch crossed with a sheath with arrows imbricated disks guilloché double bow knots smoking braziers linear repetitions of small motifs rosettes beads oves trophy or floral medallions hanging from a knotted ribbon acanthus leaves gadrooning interlace meanders cornucopias mascarons ancient urns tripods perfume burners dolphins ram and lion heads chimeras and gryphons greco roman architectural motifs are also very used flutings pilasters fluted and unfluted fluted balusters twisted and straight columns engaged and unengaged sometimes replaced by caryatids volute corbels triglyphs with guttae in relief and trompe l œil 8 a torch crossed with a sheath with arrows on a railing from the musée nissim de camondo paris oculus of the petit trianon versailles france with a ribbon at the top and two festoon derived hanging ornaments pendulum clock with ormolu mounts and a porcelain column part armchair with a pair of cornucopias at the arms two designs of legs one featuring straight flutings and acanthus leafs and the other twisted flutings barometer thermometer made of geometric shapes complex designs of cartouches railing with an interlace band at the top flutings and acanthuses on the balusters and a relief of an urn pair of amphora shaped vases decorated with festoons rinceaux trophies one made of musical instruments and the other made of scientific ones and sphinxes civil architecture edit notable monuments of louis xvi civil architecture include the hotel de la monnaie in paris 1771 1776 by jacques denis antoine as well as the palais de justice paris by the same architect and the theater of besançon 1775 and the château de bénouville in the calvados both by ledoux the latter building has geometric architecture a flat ceiling and a portico in the giant order of corinthian columns the école de chirurgie or school of surgery in paris by jacques gondoin 1769 adapted the forms of the neoclassical town house with a court of honor placed between a pavilion with a colonnade on the street and the main building he also added a peristyle and another floor above the columns and transformed he entrance to the courtyard into a miniature triumphal arch 9 theatres in paris and bordeaux were prominent examples of the new style the architect victor louis 1731 1811 completed the grand théâtre de bordeaux 1780 its majestic stairway was a forerunner of the stairway of the paris opera garnier 9 in 1791 in the midst of the french revolution he completed the salle richelieu now the home of the comédie française the odeon theatre in paris 1779 1782 was built by marie joseph peyre 1730 1785 and charles de wailly 1729 1798 it featured a portico in the form of a covered gallery and columns in advance of the facade 10 one of the best known buildings of the period is the small château de bagatelle 1777 designed and built by françois joseph bélanger for the comte d artois louis xvi s brother the small château was designed and completed in just sixty three days to win a bet with marie antoinette that he could build a château in less than three months marie antoinette had a similar small neoclassical belvedere created by architect richard mique who had also designed the hameau de la reine her picturesque rustic village in the gardens another unusual architectural project was the transformation of the palais royal in the heart of paris into a grand shopping mall in 1781 the duc de chartres needing money commissioned architect victor louis to create an arcade of shops cafes and clubs on the ground floor in 1788 he added a covered cirque in the center a covered promenade and space for concerts and entertainments with a trellis roof supported by seventy two ionic columns 11 the most characteristic building of the late louis xvi residential style is the hôtel de salm in paris now the palais de la légion d honneur built by pierre rousseau in 1751 1783 the façade is distinguished by its simplicity and purity and its harmony and balance a colonnade of corinthian columns supports the entablature of the rotunda which is surmounted by statues the façade is also animated by busts of roman emperors in niches and sculptures in relief above the windows of the semicircular central avant corps 12 stairs in the hôtel des monnaies by jacques denis antoine 18th century hôtel guimard by claude nicolas ledoux 1770 1773 château de bénouville by claude nicolas ledoux 1770 1780 grand théâtre de bordeaux by victor louis 1780 stairway of the grand théâtre de bordeaux victor louis 1780 château de bagatelle by françois joseph bélanger 1777 the hotel de salm paris by pierre rousseau 1751 1810 the belvedere of the petit trianon at versailles by richard mique 1789 religious architecture edit the panthéon designed by jacques germain soufflot as the church of sainte geneviève and begun in 1757 under louis xv was the most prominent example of religious architecture under construction during the period it replaced the colossal columns modeled after those of the church of the gesù and st peter s basilica in rome with slender graceful corinthian columns supporting a continuous entablature the plan was also classical the long nave with a vaulted ceiling was replaced by a greek cross with the dome in the center soufflot employed novel engineering techniques to support the dome a system of contreforts and arches and the use of iron bars to support the stone structure the building was begun in 1764 but not completed until 1790 after the revolution 9 another important church completed in the louis xvi period was église saint philippe du roule 1768 1784 by jean françois chalgrin it was one of the last churches finished before the revolution the church is inspired by paleo christian architecture it features massive columns and a pediment and an interior with vaulted ceiling that suggests a vast roman basilica 13 interior of eglise saint philippe du roule 1764 1784 by jean françois chalgrin the panthéon 1764 1790 by jacques germain soufflot interior of the panthéon functional and utopian architecture edit see also utopian architecture the architect claude nicolas ledoux specialized in designing functional buildings in greatly simplified the classical style examples included his simplified neoclassical design for the customs barrier at la villette in paris 1785 1789 with its classical facade and rotunda he was especially known for his project for the royal saltworks at arc et senans 1775 1779 this was a model industrial site in an elliptical shape with the house of the factory director in the centre with a rustic neoclassical colonnade surrounded by the workshops storerooms and offices in concentric rings 14 etienne louis boullée 1728 1799 was another visionary architect of the period his projects never built included a monument to isaac newton 1784 in the form of an immense dome with an oculus allowing the light to enter giving the impression of a sky full of stars his project for an enlargement of the royal library 1785 was even more dramatic with a gigantic arch sheltering the collection of books while none of his projects were ever built the images were widely published and inspired architects of the period to look outside the traditional forms 14 director s house at the royal saltworks at arc et senans by claude nicolas ledoux 1775 1779 rotonde de la villette by claude nicolas ledoux 1785 1789 project for a monument to isaac newton by etienne louis boullée 1784 project for the royal library by etienne louis boullée 1785 interior decoration edit the louis xvi style of decoration marked the triumph of neo classicism which had been underway in europe since 1770 it reflected the murals and designs found in the early archeological excavations in herculaneum and pompeii and the travels of groups of artists to greece and asia minor the taste pompeiian was followed by the taste etruscan motifs in interior decoration included arabesques and grotesques on the pompeiian model bas reliefs in the greek and roman style were popular often in the form of rectangual friezes in bronze on furniture or stucco marble molded stucco baked earth or simply painted in trompe l œil over doors other popular motifs included garlands of oak leaves or olive leaves interlaced flowers ribbons or vines crowns of roses flaming torches horns of plenty and particularly vases from which emerged flowers or vines 15 in the early part of the reign of louis xvi interior decoration was designed to overwhelm the viewer with its scale majesty and opulence grand halls served multiple purposes for theatre entertainments balls or banquets an example of the early louis xvi style is the dining room of the château de maisons rebuilt between 1777 and 1782 by françois joseph bélanger for the comte d artois the brother of louis xvi this dining room inspired by grand style of louis xiv and louis xv it features columns of the giant order inches clarification needed pediments consoles sculpture in relief and a gigantic fireplace later in the reign the tendency shifted to smaller more intimate and comfortable salons studies dining rooms and boudoirs as the cabinet doré of marie antoinette at the palace of versailles 1783 and the boudoir of marie antoinette at fontainebleau in the pompeiian style 1785 the pompeiian style featured mythical animals such as sphinxes and griffons horns of plenty and vases of flowers mounted on tripods the style also was frequently used in friezes and cameos in medallions and in white on blue wedgwood porcelain in the later years of the louis xvi style the decorative panels were divided into often geometric divisions either circles or octagons 15 the salon de compagnie of the petit trianon 1762 1768 staircase of the petit trianon 1762 1768 the dining room of the château de maisons by françois joseph bélanger 1777 1782 the cabinet doré of marie antoinette at the palace of versailles 1783 the boudoir of marie antoinette at the palace of fontainebleau in the pompeiian style 1785 the game room in king s small apartments at palace of versailles 1785 chairs by jean baptiste boulard 1785 corner tables by jean henri riesener 1774 the salle marie antoinette of the louvre furniture edit main article louis xvi furniture louis xvi style furniture particularly the furniture made for the royal palaces is among the most finely crafted and valuabl...