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lydenburg wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 ancient history 1 1 1 lydenburg heads 1 2 pre colonial history 1 3 colonial history 1 3 1 founding of lydenburg 1 3 2 gold rush 1 4 apartheid era history 1 5 name change 2 education 3 tourist attractions 4 see also 5 references toggle the table of contents lydenburg 21 languages afrikaans català cebuano deutsch español eesti français italiano 日本語 malagasy nederlands sesotho sa leboa polski română русский siswati svenska اردو tshivenda 中文 isizulu edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 25 05 45 s 30 27 20 e 25 09583 s 30 45556 e 25 09583 30 45556 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia place in mpumalanga south africa lydenburg mashishing dutch reformed church lydenburg lydenburg location within mpumalanga show map of mpumalanga lydenburg location within south africa show map of south africa lydenburg location within africa show map of africa coordinates 25 05 45 s 30 27 20 e 25 09583 s 30 45556 e 25 09583 30 45556 country south africa province mpumalanga district ehlanzeni municipality thaba chweu area 1 total 17 31 km 2 6 68 sq mi population 2011 1 total 37 258 density 2 152 km 2 5 575 sq mi racial makeup 2011 1 black african 75 3 coloured 1 4 indian asian 0 5 white 22 5 other 0 3 first languages 2011 1 northern sotho 26 2 afrikaans 22 8 swazi 18 7 zulu 13 1 other 19 2 time zone utc 2 sast postal code street 1120 po box 1120 area code 013 historical states in present day south africa before 1600 kingdom of mapungubwe 1050 1270 kingdom of mutapa 1430 1760 1600 1700 dutch cape colony 1652 1795 1700 1800 mthethwa paramountcy c 1780 1817 ndwandwe c 1780 1817 republic of swellendam 1795 republic of graaff reinet 1795 1796 cape colony 1795 1802 1800 1850 dutch cape colony 1802 1806 cape colony 1806 1910 waterboer s land 1813 1871 zulu kingdom 1818 1897 adam kok s land 1825 1861 winburg 1836 1844 potchefstroom 1837 1848 natalia republic 1839 1843 1850 1875 south african republic 1852 1902 orange free state 1854 1902 republic of utrecht 1854 1858 lydenburg republic 1856 1860 griqualand east 1861 1879 griqualand west 1870 1880 diggers republic 1870 1871 1875 1900 stellaland 1882 1885 goshen 1882 1883 nieuw republiek 1884 1888 klein vrystaat 1886 1891 1900 present cape colony 1806 1910 union of south africa 1910 1961 transkei 1976 1994 bophuthatswana 1977 1994 venda 1979 1994 ciskei 1981 1994 republic of south africa 1961 present south africa portal v t e lydenburg also known as mashishing 2 3 is a town in thaba chweu local municipality on the mpumalanga highveld south africa it is situated on the sterkspruit dorps river tributary of the lepelle river at the summit of the long tom pass it has a long rich history ranging from ad 500 to the present the name is derived from the dutch lijdenburg or town of suffering and is named for the experiences of the white settlers 2 4 in northern sotho mashishing means long green grass 5 lydenburg has become the centre of the south african fly fishing industry and is an agricultural tourism and mining hub history edit ancient history edit the area surrounding present day lydenburg has a long history of human occupation rock paintings in surrounding areas point to early khoe san hunter gather groups living on the land 6 lydenburg heads edit dating back to ad 500 the earliest known forms of african iron age sculpture below the equator known as the lydenburg heads were found in the area the seven earthenware sculptures of heads and other pottery from the site are intricately decorated and may have been used for ceremonial or initiation purposes however this is speculative as there is little we know today about the people who made these sculptures 7 their existence nevertheless points to lydenburg s remarkable heritage pre colonial history edit from around the 16th century a group referred to as the bakoni people occupied the area there is evidence of bapedi people who referred to the area as mashishing that lived in the surrounding area from as early as the 1700s 8 colonial history edit founding of lydenburg edit lydenburg was founded in 1849 by a group of voortrekkers under the leadership of andries potgieter when they abandoned their previous settlement ohrigstad to the north due to a malaria epidemic the town became the capital of the lydenburg republic de republiek lydenburg in zuid afrika in 1856 and later in 1857 joined the republic of utrecht but in 1860 both these republics joined the zuid afrikaanse republiek zar the town became the capital of the lydenburg district of the south african republic zar lydenburg became important because it was on the wagon route to the port of delagoa bay now maputo bay which was not under british control in 1871 construction of the road was started by abraham espag under the orders of president thomas françois burgers the first wagons arrived in lydenburg from delagoa bay in 1874 gold rush edit on 6 february 1873 alluvial gold was discovered and within 3 months the lydenburg goldfields were proclaimed the first boer war broke out between britain and the transvaal republic in 1880 a british garrison under lieutenant walter hillyar colquhoun long uncle of the 1st viscount long occupied lydenburg to control the goldfields it was from here that the ill fated 94th regiment under the command of lieutenant colonel philip robert anstruther marched to pretoria the remainder of the garrison at lydenburg was besieged from 6 january 1881 9 following long s refusal to surrender the garrison on 23 december 1880 10 land such as boomplaats and aapiesdoorndraai farms near the town was purchased by black south africans in the early 1900s before the 1913 land act severely restricted black land ownership in south africa 11 the communities here developed and irrigated the initially arid area into valuable and productive farms 11 by 1910 the railway reached lydenburg in 1927 lydenburg became a municipality apartheid era history edit forced removals from farms surrounding lydenburg began in the early 1940s and continued through the 1960s 12 residents on the farms especially through the icu anc and local chiefs resisted the removals in different ways depending on local circumstances and allegiances often violently the apartheid state removed the families to farms further from the town or to sekhukhuneland in 2001 in one of south africa s first completed land restitution claims boomplaats farm was bought from willem pretorius and returned by the state to the dinkwanyane community 13 name change edit in june 2006 it was announced that arts and culture minister pallo jordan had approved the renaming lydenburg to mashishing meaning long green grass 2 3 a side street in lydenburg education edit marambane primary school lydenburg primary school höerskool lydenburg highschool mashishing secondary school mashishing campus ehlanzeni tvet college lesodi primary school 14 skhila secondary school tourist attractions edit lydenburg museum long tom pass sterkspruit nature reserve see also edit bapedi lydenburg heads mpumalanga sekhukhuneland jock of the bushveld references edit 1 2 3 4 sub place lydenburg census 2011 1 2 3 carroll rory 27 july 2006 whites protest at african name changes the guardian retrieved 10 february 2022 1 2 lydenburg takes on new name south africa worldstatesmen org retrieved 4 september 2021 old south africa collides with new in city names the mail guardian 9 august 2011 history mawr magr retrieved 4 september 2021 lydenburg heads ca 500 a d essay the metropolitan museum of art heilbrunn timeline of art history october 2000 mashishing lydenburg mpumalanga artefacts co za retrieved 4 september 2021 m gough palmer the besieged towns of the first boer war 1880 1881 retrieved 15 december 2013 the boers took up a position two miles off on the road to middelburg on 3 january 1881 and commenced their attack on the 6th m gough palmer the besieged towns of the first boer war 1880 1881 retrieved 15 december 2013 on 23 december long was visited by dietrich muller who said he had been deputed by the boer government to demand the immediate surrender of the garrison which was refused by long 1 2 removals resistance rural communities in lydenburg south africa 1940 1961 pdf www sahistory org za retrieved 25 august 2025 schirmer stefan 1996 removals resistance rural communities in lydenburg south africa 1940 1961 pdf journal of historical sociology 9 2 213 242 doi 10 1111 j 1467 6443 1996 tb00184 x state takes lydenburg farm news24 retrieved 4 september 2021 lesodi primary school school direct 17 may 2021 v t e municipalities and communities of ehlanzeni district municipality mpumalanga district seat nelspruit mbombela mbombela alkmaar barberton emjindini hazyview kaapsehoop kabokweni kiepersol matsulu mbombela ngodwana sheba skukuza swalala verulam white river zwelisha ehlanzeni district within south africa nkomazi boschfontein buffelspruit hectorspruit emjejane jeppes reef kaapmuiden schoemansdal kamatsamo komatipoort langeloop louieville magudu malalane marloth park mbuzini schulzendal steenbok tonga vlakbult thaba chweu blyde river canyon bosoord graskop hendriksdal krugerspos leroro lydenburg mashishing maartenshoop mauchsberg matibidi moremela pilgrim s rest sabie simile bushbuckridge acornhoek agincourt matsavana alexandria buffelshoek bolla tau bushbuckridge mapulaneng casteel maboke clare cunningmoor edinburgh hluvukani islington khokhovela kildare lillydale ludlow madras newington okkerneutboom rolle ronaldsey fayini rooiboklaagte somerset welverdiend v t e boer republics graaff reinet goshen klein vrystaat lydenburg republic natalia republic nieuwe republiek orange free state potchefstroom stellaland swellendam transvaal upingtonia utrecht republic winburg zoutpansberg authority control databases international viaf national united states israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title lydenburg oldid 1376764960 categories populated places in the thaba chweu local municipality mining communities in south africa populated places founded by afrikaners populated places established in 1849 1849 establishments in africa former republics hidden categories use dmy dates from december 2025 use south african english from august 2012 all wikipedia articles written in south african english pages using gadget wikiminiatlas articles with short description short description is different from wikidata coordinates on wikidata this page was last edited on 26 september 2026 at 02 56 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents lydenburg 21 languages add topic