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malvales wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 description 2 taxonomy 3 phylogeny 4 references 5 bibliography 6 external links toggle the table of contents malvales 70 languages afrikaans العربية مصرى asturianu azərbaycanca bikol central беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български bosanski català cebuano corsu čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français nordfriisk galego עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar հայերեն interlingua bahasa indonesia ilokano italiano 日本語 jawa taqbaylit 한국어 latina lietuvių latviešu malagasy македонски മലയാളം кырык мары bahasa melayu nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål livvinkarjala polski português română русский scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english српски srpski svenska తెలుగు ไทย tagalog türkçe українська tiếng việt winaray 吴语 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia order of flowering plants malvales temporal range campanian recent 1 preꞓ ꞓ o s d c p t j k pg n alcea setosa scientific classification kingdom plantae clade tracheophytes clade angiosperms clade eudicots clade rosids clade malvids order malvales juss ex bercht j presl 2 families bixaceae including cochlospermaceae diegodendraceae cistaceae cytinaceae 3 dipterocarpaceae malvaceae muntingiaceae neuradaceae sarcolaenaceae sphaerosepalaceae thymelaeaceae the malvales are an order of flowering plants as circumscribed by apg ii system the order includes about 6000 species within nine families the order is placed in the eurosids ii which are part of the eudicots the plants are mostly shrubs and trees most of its families have a cosmopolitan distribution in the tropics and subtropics with limited expansion into temperate regions an interesting distribution occurs in madagascar where three endemic families of malvales sphaerosepalaceae sarcolaenaceae and diegodendraceae occur many species of malvaceae sensu lato in the broad sense are valued for their wood with that of ochroma balsa being known for its lightness and that of tilia lime linden or basswood as a popular wood for carving fruit of the cacao tree theobroma cacao are used as an ingredient for chocolate kola nuts genus cola are notable for their high caffeine content and were commonly used in the past in preparation of various cola drinks they are still in use as a stimulant particularly in west africa where they are chewed for this effect 4 other well known members of malvales in the apg ii sense are daphnes hibiscus hollyhocks okra jute baobab trees cotton kapok which mostly comes from ceiba pentandra but also from other kapok trees also of malvales such as bombax ceiba and durian description edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed may 2026 learn how and when to remove this message hibiscus moscheutos the morphology of malvales is diverse with few common characteristics among those most commonly encountered are leaf shapes in compound palmate form 5 filaments which are connate 5 and a specific structure and chemical composition of the seeds the cortex is often fibrous built of soft phloem layers taxonomy edit early classifications such as that of dahlgren placed the malvales in the superorder malviflorae also called malvanae family boundaries and circumscriptions of the core malvales families malvaceae bombacaceae tiliaceae and sterculiaceae have long been problematic a close relationship among these families and particularly malvaceae and bombacaceae has generally been recognized although until recently most classification systems have maintained them as separate families with numerous molecular phylogenies showing sterculiaceae bombacaceae and tiliaceae as traditionally defined are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic a consensus has been emerging for a trend to expand malvaceae to include these three families this expanded circumscription of malvaceae has been recognized in the most recent version of the thorne system by the angiosperm phylogeny group and in the most recent comprehensive treatment of vascular plant families and genera the kubitzki system 6 the dominant family in the apg ii system is the extended malvaceae malvaceae sensu lato with over 4225 species followed by thymelaeaceae with 898 species this expanded circumscription of malvaceae is taken to include the families bombacaceae sterculiaceae and tiliaceae under the older cronquist system the order contained these four core malvales families plus the elaeocarpaceae and was placed among the dilleniidae some of the currently included families were placed by cronquist in the violales phylogeny edit the apg iv gives the following cladogram for malvales phylogeny 7 malvales neuradaceae thymelaeaceae bixaceae malvaceae sphaerosepalaceae cytinaceae muntingiaceae cistaceae dipterocarpaceae sarcolaenaceae references edit malvales www mobot org retrieved 2023 07 20 angiosperm phylogeny group 2009 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg iii botanical journal of the linnean society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x hdl 10654 18083 nickrent daniel l cytinaceae are sister to muntingiaceae malvales taxon 56 4 1129 1135 2007 abstract starin dawn december 2013 kola nut so much more than just a nut journal of the royal society of medicine 106 12 510 512 doi 10 1177 0141076813507708 pmc 3842857 pmid 24158941 1 2 colli silva matheus pérez escobar oscar alejandro ferreira carlos d m costa maria t r gerace samuele coutinho thales silva yoshikawa vania n antonio domingues higor hernández gutiérrez rebeca bovini massimo g duarte marília c cheek martin chase mark w fay michael f christenhusz maarten j m 1 april 2025 taxonomy in the light of incongruence an updated classification of malvales and malvaceae based on phylogenomic data taxon 74 2 361 385 doi 10 1002 tax 13300 issn 0040 0262 bayer c and k kubitzki 2003 malvaceae pp 225 311 in k kubitzki ed the families and genera of vascular plants vol 5 malvales capparales and non betalain caryophyllales angiosperm phylogeny group 2016 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg iv botanical journal of the linnean society 181 1 1 20 doi 10 1111 boj 12385 bibliography edit alverson w s k g karol d a baum m w chase s m swensen r mccourt and k j sytsma 1998 circumscription of the malvales and relationships to other rosidae evidence from rbcl sequence data american journal of botany 85 876 887 available online abstract archived 2010 06 26 at the wayback machine edlin h l 1935 a critical revision of certain taxonomic groups of the malvales new phytologist 34 1 20 122 143 judd w s c s campbell e a kellogg p f stevens m j donoghue 2002 plant systematics a phylogenetic approach 2nd edition pp 405 410 malvales sinauer associates sunderland massachusetts isbn 0 87893 403 0 kubitzki k and m w chase 2003 introduction to malvales pp 12 16 in k kubitzki ed the families and genera of vascular plants vol 5 malvales capparales and non betalain caryophyllales du mortier b c j 1829 analyse des familles de plantes avec l indication des principaux genres qui s y rattachent p 43 imprimerie de j casterman tournay watson l and dallwitz m j 1992 onwards the families of flowering plants descriptions illustrations identification and information retrieval the families of flowering plants descriptions illustrations identification and information retrieval http delta intkey com whitlock b a october 2001 malvales mallow in nature encyclopedia of life sciences nature publishing group london available online doi els site external links edit wikispecies has information related to malvales wikimedia commons has media related to malvales tree of life malvales johansson j t 2013 and onwards the phylogeny of angiosperms published online http angio bergianska se malvales v t e orders of flowering plants apg iv supergroup plant bryophyta marchantiophyta polypodiophyta acrogymnospermae angiospermae angiosperms amborellales ¹ nymphaeales ¹ austrobaileyales ¹ mesangiosperms chloranthales ceratophyllales magnoliids canellales piperales laurales magnoliales monocots acorales ² alismatales ² petrosaviales ³ dioscoreales ³ pandanales ³ liliales ³ asparagales ³ commelinids arecales poales commelinales zingiberales eudicots ranunculales proteales trochodendrales buxales gunnerales pentapetalae dilleniales superrosids saxifragales rosids vitales fabids zygophyllales celastrales malpighiales oxalidales fabales rosales cucurbitales fagales malvids geraniales myrtales crossosomatales picramniales sapindales huerteales brassicales malvales superasterids berberidopsidales santalales caryophyllales asterids cornales ericales campanulids aquifoliales asterales escalloniales bruniales apiales dipsacales paracryphiales lamiids icacinales metteniusales garryales boraginales gentianales lamiales solanales vahliales ¹ basal angiosperms ² alismatids ³ lilioids category taxon identifiers malvales wikidata q21908 wikispecies malvales apni 214996 bold 121159 col b7vxr eol 4320 eppo 1mavo gbif old 941 inaturalist 48796 irmng 10771 itis 21500 nbn nhmsys0000066335 ncbi 41938 nzor 6f224e70 daee 48ad 8ba6 84d1dd3c7185 open tree of life 229284 paleobiology database 54911 plazi f418457b 826e 98fb 09e2 2d8d3f3b4c17 tropicos 43000041 vascan 43 vicflora bcf8ae3f e4f6 469d a1ae 1411a154dbab wfo wfo 9000000312 worms 234499 authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data czech republic israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title malvales oldid 1372327458 categories malvales angiosperm orders hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with species microformats articles needing additional references from may 2026 all articles needing additional references webarchive template wayback links commons category link from wikidata taxonbars with 20 24 taxon ids this page was last edited on 31 august 2026 at 07 46 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents malvales 70 languages add topic