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top 1 overview toggle overview subsection 1 1 communist states 1 2 definition theory and terminology 1 3 historiography 2 history toggle history subsection 2 1 bolsheviks february revolution and great war 1903 1917 2 2 october revolution and russian civil war 1917 1922 2 3 stalin s rise to power 1922 1928 2 4 socialism in one country 1928 1944 2 5 cold war de stalinisation and maoism 1944 1953 2 6 third world conflicts 1954 1979 2 7 reform and collapse of marxism leninism in eastern eurasia and elsewhere 1979 1991 2 8 post cold war era 1991 present 3 ideology toggle ideology subsection 3 1 political system 3 2 collectivism and egalitarianism 3 3 economy 3 4 society 3 5 international relations 3 6 theology 4 criticism toggle criticism subsection 4 1 general 4 2 left wing criticism 4 3 responses to criticism 5 see also 6 references toggle references subsection 6 1 citations 6 2 bibliography 7 further reading toggle the table of contents marxism leninism 76 languages alemannisch አማርኛ العربية مصرى asturianu azərbaycanca беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български banjar বাংলা brezhoneg bosanski català کوردی čeština cymraeg dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti فارسی suomi français galego हिन्दी hrvatski magyar interlingua bahasa indonesia íslenska italiano 日本語 jawa ქართული қазақша ភាសាខ្មែរ 한국어 kurdî кыргызча ລາວ lietuvių latviešu bahasa melayu नेपाली nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål ਪੰਜਾਬੀ polski پنجابی پښتو português română русский scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina shqip српски srpski svenska ไทย tagalog türkçe ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche українська tiếng việt 吴语 მარგალური 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia form of communism this article is about the political philosophy and state ideology developed by joseph stalin for countries governed by marxist leninist parties see communist state for the means of governing and related policies implemented by stalin see stalinism for lenin s ideology in the form that existed in lenin s own lifetime see leninism 1936 soviet poster with the slogan raise the banner of marx engels lenin and stalin part of a series on marxism leninism concepts administrative command system anti imperialism anti revisionism central planning soviet type collective farming collective leadership commanding heights of the economy democratic centralism dialectical logic dialectical materialism foco intensification of the class struggle under socialism labor aristocracy marxist leninist atheism national democracy revolution state new soviet man party spirit people s democracy revolution state popular front proletarian internationalism protracted people s war criticism and self criticism social fascism socialism in one country socialist patriotism soviet yugoslav state socialist soviet republic theory of the productive forces third period vanguardism wars of national liberation unified state power variants browderism camilism fidelismo guevarism ho chi minh thought hoxhaism husakism kádárism kaysone phomvihane thought khrushchevism machelism maoism marxist leninist prachanda path third worldist gonzalo thought sankarism socialism with chinese characteristics stalinism neo titoism politicians adhikari aidit bakdash bains barre bierut bishop brar brezhnev cabral cano castro ceaușescu chervenkov chin choibalsan dahal deng díaz dubcek dimitrov garang gheorghiu dej gierek gomułka gorbachev gottwald guevara habash hall honecker hoxha hu husák ibárruri jadid jara jaruzelski jiang kádár kaganovich kabila kaypakkaya kaysone kérékou khrushchev kim koliševski lara machel mao mengistu mugabe nagy namboodiripad neto nkrumah nosaka ortega pieck pollitt pol pot qasim rákosi sankara stalin taraki thälmann thorez tito togliatti ulbricht giáp hồ wijeweera xi zachariadis zhivkov zyuganov intellectuals andreyeva avakian bettelheim bukharin chen davis dean dutt dutta ghandy guzmán haywood hinton hirschman jiang shigong li losurdo newton parenti roy sison camilo trọng trường theoretical works foundations of leninism 1924 dialectical and historical materialism 1938 the history of the communist party of the soviet union bolsheviks 1938 economic problems of socialism in the ussr 1951 a critique of soviet economics 1960 fundamentals of marxism leninism 1960 guerrilla warfare 1961 quotations from chairman mao tse tung 1964 president ho chi minh s testament 1969 the governance of china 2014 history soviet union 1927 1953 1953 1964 1964 1982 1982 1991 great break collectivization in the soviet union industrialization in the soviet union great purge spanish civil war world war ii great patriotic war greek civil war cold war eastern bloc chinese revolution china 1949 1976 1976 1989 1989 2002 2002 2012 2012 present korean war consolidation of the cuban revolution de stalinization warsaw pact non aligned movement vietnam war corrective move sino soviet split hungarian revolution of 1956 great leap forward portuguese colonial war black power movement nicaraguan revolution cultural revolution prague spring naxalite insurgency revolutions of 1989 nepalese civil war by country afghanistan albania angola benin bulgaria cambodia 1975 79 1979 92 china congo cuba czechoslovakia czechia slovakia east germany ethiopia grenada hungary laos mongolia mozambique north korea poland romania somalia south yemen soviet union armenia azerbaijan byelarus estonia georgia kazakhstan kyrgyzstan latvia lithuania moldova russia tajikistan turkmenistan ukraine uzbekistan vietnam yugoslavia bosnia and herzegovina croatia macedonia montenegro serbia slovenia organizations comecon comintern chinese communist party communist party of cuba communist party of india communist party of kampuchea communist party of the russian federation communist party of the soviet union communist party of vietnam french communist party imcwp indochinese communist party kampuchean people s revolutionary party lao people s revolutionary party nepal communist party party of labour of albania popular front for the liberation of palestine sandinista national liberation front workers party of korea related topics all union communist party bolsheviks anti communism mass killings bolshevism crimes against humanity under communist regimes mass killings criticism of communist party rule cult of personality intercommunalism juche leninism marxist schools of thought national bolshevism national communism new class post communism red fascism red scare second second world state ideology of china state ideology of the soviet union state capitalism state socialism tankie third worldism totalitarianism trotskyism communism portal politics portal v t e part of a series on communism concepts anti capitalism class conflict class consciousness classless society collective leadership commune communist revolution communist state communist society critique of political economy dictatorship of the proletariat free association from each according to his ability to each according to his needs labour movement lgbtq rights market abolitionism marxism proletarian internationalism social revolution stateless society theory of alienation wage slavery workers self management world revolution economics common ownership economic democracy gift economy planned economy socialization trade union use value worker cooperative variants anarchist council crypto euro left national primitive religious christian catholic islamic war world history pre marxist communism communist league first international second international third international fourth international fifth international 21st century communist theorists symbols hammer and sickle red flag politics red star the internationale workers of the world unite organisations communist party list wpc wftu wfdy ius widf wfsw ior intellectuals marx engels morris kropotkin malatesta pannekoek du bois lukács zhou james padmore sartre hobsbawm althusser pasolini mandel berger fanon guattari debord amin negri badiou ali davis holloway žižek öcalan gilmore hardt dean lara graeber lordon kelley fisher prashad shakur hatherley moufawad paul saito politicians lenin luxemburg kollontai stalin trotsky thälmann makhno bukharin ho gramsci dimitrov tito togliatti benjamin kaysone khrushchev mao pol pot hoxha nkrumah kim neto kilamba aidit raja taruc castro guevara berlinguer guzmán sison newton hampton machel sankara sánchez gordillo marcos by region brazil cambodia colombia france germany hungary india kerala korea malaysia mongolia nepal peru philippines poland russia slovakia sri lanka sumatra vietnam opposition anti communist mass killings communist terrorism communist propaganda criticism of communist states mass killings under communist regimes cambodian genocide holodomor genocides committed by the soviet union totalitarianism criticism of marxism red scare related topics anti anti communism anti fascism democracy in marxism internationalism left wing politics old left new left socialism revolutionary economics mode of production communism portal socialism portal v t e this article is part of a series about joseph stalin personal early life residences death and state funeral pre leadership 1902 batumi workers strikes ka 1905 tampere conference 1907 tiflis bank robbery 1906 bolshevik raid on the tsarevich giorgi russian revolution russian civil war polish soviet war rise to power leader of the soviet union tenure first five year plan anti religious campaign 1930 1933 famine great purge death dates of victims world war ii molotov ribbentrop pact tehran conference yalta conference potsdam conference 1946 1947 famine excess mortality political ideology stalinism bibliography comparison to nazism antisemitism neo marxism leninism works poetry anarchism or socialism marxism and the national question foundations of leninism dizzy with success declaration of the rights of the peoples of russia ten blows speech alleged 19 august 1939 speech falsifiers of history stalin note the history of the communist party 1936 soviet constitution dialectical and historical materialism order no 227 order no 270 marxism and problems of linguistics economic problems of socialism in the ussr joseph stalin bibliography legacy cult of personality de stalinization anti stalinist left awards and honours eponymous places statues black ribbon day v t e marxism leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement following the october revolution it was the predominant ideology of most communist governments in the 20th century 1 it was developed in the soviet union by joseph stalin and drew on bolshevism leninism and classical marxism 2 3 4 it was the state ideology of the soviet union 5 soviet satellite states in the eastern bloc and various countries in the non aligned movement and third world during the cold war 6 as well as the communist international 7 it is the ideology of the ruling parties of china cuba laos and vietnam 8 as well as other communist parties the state ideology of north korea is derived from marxism leninism 9 10 11 marxism leninism holds that a two stage communist revolution is needed to replace capitalism a vanguard party organized through democratic centralism seizes power on behalf of the proletariat and establishes a one party communist state the state controls the means of production suppresses opposition counter revolution and the bourgeoisie and promotes soviet collectivism to pave the way for a communist society that is classless and stateless 12 after lenin s death in 1924 marxism leninism became a distinct movement in the soviet union when stalin and his supporters gained control of the communist party of the soviet union cpsu it rejected the notion among western marxists of world revolution as a prerequisite for building socialism in favour of the concept of socialism in one country the transition from capitalism to socialism was signified by the introduction of the first five year plan and the 1936 soviet constitution 13 by the late 1920s stalin established ideological orthodoxy in the cpsu soviet union and communist international to establish universal marxist leninist praxis 14 15 the formulation of the soviet version of dialectical and historical materialism by stalin and his associates such as in stalin s text dialectical and historical materialism became the official soviet interpretation of marxism 16 and was taken as example by marxist leninists in other countries this text became the foundation philosophy of marxism leninism 17 in 1938 stalin s textbook history of the communist party of the soviet union bolsheviks popularised marxism leninism 18 the internationalism of marxism leninism was expressed in supporting revolutions in other countries initially through the communist international then through the concepts of national democratic states and states of socialist orientation after de stalinisation the establishment of other communist states after world war ii resulted in sovietisation and these states tended to follow the marxist leninist model of five year plans and rapid industrialisation political centralisation and repression during the cold war marxist leninist countries like the soviet union were a major force in international relations 19 with the death of stalin and ensuing de stalinisation marxism leninism underwent revisions and adaptations such as guevarism titoism ho chi minh thought hoxhaism and maoism with the latter two constituting anti revisionist marxism leninism these adaptations caused splits between communist states resulting in the tito stalin split the sino soviet split and the sino albanian split as the cold war concluded with the demise of much of the socialist world many surviving communist states reformed their economies and embraced market socialism complementing this economic shift the communist party of china developed maoism into deng xiaoping theory today this comprises part of china s governing ideology with the latest developments including xi jinping thought meanwhile the communist party of peru developed maoism into marxism leninism maoism the latest developments to marxism leninism maoism include gonzaloism maoism third worldism national democracy and prachanda path ongoing marxist leninist maoist insurgencies include those waged in the philippines india and turkey the nepalese civil war fought by marxist leninist maoists ended in their victory in 2006 criticism of marxism leninism overlaps with criticism of communist party rule and focuses on the actions and policies of marxist leninist leaders notably stalin and mao zedong communist state...