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concept of potential economic surplus to deal with novel complexities raised by the dominance of monopoly capital in particular the theoretical prediction that monopoly capitalism would be associated with low capacity utilization and hence potential surplus would typically be much larger than the realized surplus with paul sweezy baran elaborated the importance of this innovation its consistency with marx s labor concept of value and supplementary relation to marx s category of surplus value 53 according to baran s categories actual economic surplus the difference between what society s actual current output and its actual current consumption hence it is equal to current savings or accumulation potential economic surplus the difference between that output that could be produced in a given natural and technical environment with the help of employable productive resources and what might be regarded as essential consumption baran also introduced the concept of planned surplus a category that could only be operationalized in a rationally planned socialist society this was defined as the difference between society s optimum output available in a historically given natural and technological environment under conditions of planned optimal utilization of all available productive resources and some chosen optimal volume of consumption 54 baran used the surplus concept to analyze underdeveloped economies or what are now more optimistically called developing economies in his political economy of growth 54 see also edit communism portal economics portal list of marxian economists capitalist mode of production capital accumulation evolutionary economics surplus labour labour power law of value unequal exchange value product productive and unproductive labour regulation school socialist economics the accumulation of capital material product critique of political economy references edit wolff richard resnick stephen august 1987 economics marxian versus neoclassical johns hopkins university press p 130 isbn 0801834805 marxian theory singular gave way to marxian theories plural the neo marxian blood schools the new school archived from the original on 2008 04 29 retrieved 2007 08 23 munro john some basic principles of marxian economics pdf university of toronto retrieved 2007 08 23 described in duncan foley and gérard duménil 2008 marx s analysis of capitalist production the new palgrave dictionary of economics 2nd edition abstract 1 2 robert m solow the wide wide world of wealth new york times march 28 1988 excerpt from a review of the new palgrave a dictionary of economics 1987 1 2 stigler george j december 1988 palgrave s dictionary of economics journal of economic literature 26 4 american economic association 1729 36 jstor 2726859 schefold bertram 1992 the relation between the rate of profit and the rate of interest a reassessment after the publication of marx s manuscript of the third volume of das kapital springer link pp 127 129 1 2 dembinsky pawel h 1991 the logic of the planned economy oxford clarendon press pp 22 23 isbn 0198286864 heilbroner 2000 p 164 screpanti zamagni 2005 p 474 see helmut reichelt quoted in kubota ken die dialektische darstellung des allgemeinen begriffs des kapitals im lichte der philosophie hegels zur logischen analyse der politischen ökonomie unter besonderer berücksichtigung adornos und der forschungsergebnisse von rubin backhaus reichelt uno und sekine pdf in beiträge zur marx engels forschung neue folge 2009 pp 199 224 doi 10 4444 100 100 de here p 199 angus maddison phases of capitalist development oxford 1982 p 256 note koutoufaris malandrinos jason 2020 04 01 society as an accumulation of commodities doi 10 5281 zenodo 4674264 cite journal cite journal requires journal help capital vol i chap i p 39 in the progress publishers moscow edition capital volume 1 pdf 1 2 3 foster john bellamy burkett paul 2018 11 01 value isn t everything monthly review 1 17 doi 10 14452 mr 070 06 2018 10_1 issn 0027 0520 s2cid 150182052 1 2 3 4 5 6 marx karl 2020 mclellan david ed capital abridged ed oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 192047 9 oclc 1237770778 fujimori y 1982 modern analysis of value theory lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems springer yoshihara naoki may 14 2014 a progressive report on marxian economic theory on the controversies in exploitation theory since okishio 1963 pdf umass edu working paper university of massachusetts amherst archived from the original pdf on january 20 2022 retrieved july 5 2020 schools hetecon com retrieved on august 23 2007 heterodox economics directory retrieved on april 28 2023 v k dmitriev 1974 1898 economic essays on value competition and utility cambridge cambridge univ press ladislaus von bortkiewicz 1952 1906 1907 value and price in the marxian system international economic papers 2 5 60 ladislaus von bortkiewicz 1984 1907 on the correction of marx s fundamental theoretical construction in the third volume of capital in eugen von böhm bawerk 1984 1896 karl marx and the close of his system philadelphia orion editions m c howard and j e king 1992 a history of marxian economics volume ii 1929 1990 chapter 12 sect iii princeton nj princeton university press m c howard and j e king 1992 a history of marxian economics volume ii 1929 1990 chapter 7 sects ii iv princeton nj princeton university press see m c howard and j e king 1992 a history of marxian economics volume ii 1929 1990 princeton nj princeton university press kornai jános 1959 overcentralization in economic administration a critical analysis based on experience in hungarian light industry oxford university press page needed davis christopher charemza wojciech eds 1989 models of disequilibrium and shortage in centrally planned economies chapman hall page needed kornai jános 1992 the socialist system oxford university press p 150 cockshott w paul cottrell allin 1993 towards a new socialism russell press kornai jános 1982 growth shortage and efficiency university of california press pp 11 19 kornai jános 1975 mathematical planning of structural decisions north holland pp 6 68 28 dembinski paul h 1991 the logic of the planned economy oxford clarendon press pp 22 23 isbn 0198286864 solow robert m march 28 1988 the wide wide world of wealth the new york times sperber jonathan 16 may 2013 is marx still relevant the guardian issn 0261 3077 archived from the original on 8 december 2021 retrieved 1 october 2023 foster carter a 1973 neo marxist approaches to development and underdevelopment journal of contemporary asia 3 1 taylor john 1974 neo marxism and underdevelopment a sociological phantasy journal of contemporary asia 4 1 5 23 doi 10 1080 00472337485390021 1 2 3 nitzan jonathan bichler shimshon 2009 capital as power a study of order and creorder taylor francis p 50 isbn 978 0 203 87632 9 baran p sweezy p 1966 monopoly capital an essay on the american economic and social order new york monthly review press bowles samuel 1985 post marxian economics labour learning and history social science information 24 3 p 507 wolff richard d cullenberg stephen 1986 marxism and post marxism social text 15 fall 126 135 doi 10 2307 466496 jstor 466496 1 2 roemer john 1985 should marxists be interested in exploitation philosophy and public affairs 14 1 30 65 clark barry stewart 1998 political economy a comparative approach abc clio p 67 isbn 978 0 275 95869 5 farmelant james 8 august 2009 g a cohen 1941 2009 monthly review issn 0027 0520 oclc 241373379 archived from the original on 27 march 2025 retrieved 13 july 2025 this school sought to clarify marxism using not only the tools of analytical philosophy along with tools of modern social science such as rational choice theory i e game theory and even neoclassical economic analysis to the clarification and defense of the theories of karl marx and his successors besides jerry other leading analytical marxists included the economist john roemer the political theorist jon elster the economist and economic historian robert brenner and the sociologist erik olin wright only one conclusion is possible namely that the marxian method of transformation of commodity values into prices of production is logically unsatisfactory paul m sweezy 1970 1942 the theory of capitalist development p 15 new york modern reader paperbacks nobuo okishio 1961 technical changes and the rate of profit kobe university economic review 7 pp 85 99 p hysical quantities suffice to determine the rate of profit and the associated prices of production i t follows that value magnitudes are at best redundant in the determination of the rate of profit and prices of production marx s value reasoning hardly a peripheral aspect of his work must therefore be abandoned in the interest of developing a coherent materialist theory of capitalism ian steedman 1977 marx after sraffa pp 202 207 london new left books the falling rate of profit position is rebutted in chapter 5 by a theorem which states that competitive innovations result in a rising rate of profit there seems to be no hope for a theory of the falling rate of profit within the strict confines of the environment that marx suggested as relevant john roemer analytical foundations of marxian economic theory p 12 cambridge cambridge univ press 1981 mongiovi gary 2002 vulgar economy in marxian garb a critique of temporal single system marxism review of radical political economics 34 4 393 416 doi 10 1177 048661340203400401 s2cid 140111679 archived from the original on 2006 05 06 marx did make a number of errors in elaborating his theory of value and the profit rate h is would be temporal single system defenders camouflage marx s errors marx s value analysis does indeed contain errors abstract an error ii is an inconsistency whose removal through development of the theory leaves the foundations of the theory intact now i believe that marx left us with a few errors ii david laibman rhetoric and substance in value theory in alan freeman andrew kliman and julian wells eds the new value controversy and the foundations of economics cheltenham uk edward elgar 2004 p 17 kliman 2006 pp 210 211 kliman 2006 p 208 baran paul a and paul sweezy 2012 some theoretical implications edited by j b foster monthly review 64 3 1 2 baran paul a 1957 the political economy of growth new york monthly review press pp 22 23 41 42 works cited edit kliman andrew 2006 reclaiming marx s capital a refutation of the myth of inconsistency lexington books further reading edit glyn andrew 1987 marxist economics the new palgrave a dictionary of economics vol 3 pp 390 95 doi 10 1057 978 1 349 95121 5_1135 1 isbn 978 1 349 95121 5 roemer j e 1987 marxian value analysis the new palgrave a dictionary of economics vol 3 pp 383 87 doi 10 1057 978 1 349 95121 5_1001 1 isbn 978 1 349 95121 5 john e roemer 2008 socialism new perspectives the new palgrave dictionary of economics 2nd edition abstract diane flaherty 2008 radical economics the new palgrave dictionary of economics 2nd edition abstract lenny flank contradictions of capitalism an introduction to marxist economics st petersburg florida red and black publishers 2007 isbn 978 0 9791813 9 9 heilbroner robert 2000 the worldly philosophers 7th ed london penguin books isbn 978 0 140 29006 6 screpanti ernesto zamagni stefano 2005 an outline of the history of economic thought 2nd ed oxford oxford university press isbn 978 0 199 27913 5 thomas t sekine the dialectic of capital a study of the inner logic of capitalism 2 volumes preliminary edition tokyo 1986 oclc 489902822 vol 1 oclc 873921143 vol 2 solow robert m 20 march 1988 the wide wide world of wealth the new palgrave a dictionary of economics edited by john eatwell murray milgate and peter newman four volumes 4 103 pp new york stockton press 650 new york times marc fleurbaey economics and economic justice 2004 althusser louis and balibar étienne reading capital london verso 2009 bottomore tom ed a dictionary of marxist thought oxford blackwell 1998 brennan david m kristjanson gural david mulder catherine p olsen erik k eds 2017 routledge handbook of marxian economics routledge isbn 978 1138774933 cochrane james l 1970 marxian macroeconomics macroeconomics before keynes glenview scott foresman co pp 43 58 oclc 799965716 fine ben marx s capital 5th ed london pluto 2010 harvey david a companion to marx s capital london verso 2010 harvey david the limits of capital london verso 2006 mandel ernest marxist economic theory new york monthly review press 1970 mandel ernest the formation of the economic thought of karl marx new york monthly review press 1977 morishima michio marx s economics a dual theory of value and growth cambridge cambridge university press 1973 postone moishe time labor and social domination a reinterpretation of marx s critical theory cambridge england cambridge university press 1993 saad filho alfredo the value of marx political economy for contemporary capitalism london routledge 2002 external 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