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taken to manufacture a product using mass production is shorter than when using traditional methods the probability of human error and variation is also reduced as tasks are predominantly carried out by machinery error in operating such machinery has more far reaching consequences a reduction in labour costs as well as an increased rate of production enables a company to produce a larger quantity of one product at a lower cost than using traditional non linear methods however mass production is inflexible because it is difficult to alter a design or production process after a production line is implemented also all products produced on one production line will be identical or very similar and introducing variety to satisfy individual tastes is not easy however some variety can be achieved by applying different finishes and decorations at the end of the production line if necessary the starter cost for the machinery can be expensive so the producer must be sure it sells or the producers will lose a lot of money the ford model t produced tremendous affordable output but was not very good at responding to demand for variety customization or design changes as a consequence ford eventually lost market share to general motors who introduced annual model changes more accessories and a choice of colors 2 with each passing decade engineers have found ways to increase the flexibility of mass production systems driving down the lead times on new product development and allowing greater customization and variety of products compared with other production methods mass production can create new occupational hazards for workers this is partly due to the need for workers to operate heavy machinery while also working close together with many other workers preventative safety measures such as fire drills as well as special training is therefore necessary to minimise the occurrence of industrial accidents socioeconomic impacts edit in the 1830s french political thinker and historian alexis de tocqueville identified one of the key characteristics of america that would later make it so amenable to the development of mass production the homogeneous consumer base de tocqueville wrote in his democracy in america 1835 that the absence in the united states of those vast accumulations of wealth which favor the expenditures of large sums on articles of mere luxury impact to the productions of american industry a character distinct from that of other countries industries production is geared toward articles suited to the wants of the whole people mass production improved productivity which was a contributing factor to economic growth and the decline in work week hours alongside other factors such as transportation infrastructures canals railroads and highways and agricultural mechanization these factors caused the typical work week to decline from 70 hours in the early 19th century to 60 hours late in the century then to 50 hours in the early 20th century and finally to 40 hours in the mid 1930s mass production permitted great increases in total production using a european crafts system into the late 19th century it was difficult to meet demand for products such as sewing machines and animal powered mechanical harvesters 2 by the late 1920s many previously scarce goods were in good supply one economist has argued that this constituted overproduction and contributed to high unemployment during the great depression 43 say s law denies the possibility of general overproduction and for this reason classical economists deny that it had any role in the great depression mass production allowed the evolution of consumerism by lowering the unit cost of many goods used mass production has been linked to the fast fashion industry often leaving the consumer with lower quality garments for a lower cost most fast fashion clothing is mass produced which means it is typically made of cheap fabrics such as polyester and constructed poorly in order to keep short turnaround times to meet the demands of consumers and shifting trends see also edit companies portal business and economics portal batch production method of manufacturing where the products are made as specified groups or amounts craft production factory where products are hand made continuous production production method without interruption culture industry commercial mass marketing of culture fast moving consumer goods products that are sold quickly and at a relatively low cost pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets fordism ford s assembly line mass production and consumption manufacturing system ford model t american car 1908 1927 great divergence west s economic growth vs other advanced regions industrial engineering branch of engineering which deals with the optimization of complex processes or systems industrialisation period of social and economic change from agrarian to industrial society industrial revolution 1760 1840 agrarian to industrial era shift additive manufacturing additive process used to make a 3d object pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets job production type of production just in time business methodology used to improve production licensed production production under license of technology developed elsewhere manufacturing industrial activity producing goods for sale using labor and machines mass customization technology that allows bespoke aspects in mass production mass market market for goods produced on a large scale for a significant number of end consumers mechanization process of changing from working by hand or with animals to work with machinery modular construction systems construction technique identical components are easier to mass produce operations management in business operations controlling the process of production of goods outline of industrial organization overview of and topical guide to industrial organization pilot plant pre commercial production system cost of production theory of value economic theory that determines value based on production costs ready made garment mass produced clothing in standard sizes pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets scientific management theory of management second industrial revolution 1870 1914 electrical and chemical era technological revolution period of rapid technological change technological unemployment unemployment caused by technological change references edit production methods archived 14 july 2017 at the wayback machine bbc gcse bitesize retrieved 26 october 2012 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 hounshell david a 1984 from the american system to mass production 1800 1932 the development of manufacturing technology in the united states baltimore maryland johns hopkins university press isbn 978 0 8018 2975 8 lccn 83016269 oclc 1104810110 wolf hans jürgen 1974 geschichte der druckpressen p 67f from old price tables it can be deduced that the capacity of a printing press around 1600 assuming a fifteen hour workday was between 3 200 and 3 600 impressions per day williams david october 2008 mass produced pre han chinese bronze crossbow triggers unparalleled manufacturing technology in the ancient world arms armour vol 5 no 2 pp 142 153 12 archived from the original on 11 december 2013 the terra cotta warriors p 27 archived from the original on 29 march 2023 retrieved 7 december 2021 cite book work ignored help portal jane 2007 the first emperor china s terracotta army harvard university press p 170 isbn 978 0 674 02697 1 archived from the original on 16 october 2023 retrieved 7 december 2021 trawinski allan 25 june 2017 the clash of civilizations page publishing inc isbn 9781635687125 archived from the original on 16 october 2023 retrieved 7 december 2021 cameron rondo neal larry 2003 a concise economic history of the world from paleolithic times to the present oxford university press p 161 hanson victor davis 18 december 2007 carnage and culture landmark battles in the rise to western power knopf doubleday publishing group isbn 978 0 307 42518 8 archived from the original on 16 october 2023 retrieved 7 december 2021 needham joseph 1994 the shorter science and civilisation in china volume 4 cambridge university press p 14 isbn 9780521329958 bi sheng who first devised about 1045 the art of printing with movable type 吉星 潘 中國金屬活字印刷技術史 pp 41 54 baegun hwasang chorok buljo jikji simche yojeol vol ii the second volume of anthology of great buddhist priests zen teachings unesco memory of the world programme retrieved 21 august 2025 johann gutenberg catholic encyclopedia 1912 archived from the original on 14 april 2008 retrieved 14 april 2021 jean baptiste vaquette de gribeauval french officer and engineer encyclopedia britannica 20 july 1998 retrieved 23 june 2024 berkowitz heloise dumez herve september 2016 the gribeauval system or the issue of standardization in the 18th century pdf gérer comprendre 2 1 8 retrieved 23 june 2024 1 2 3 4 5 the portsmouth blockmaking 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first second third fourth potential future themes coal coal mining coke cotton industry manufacturing invention iron machinery metallurgy sociology steam power steel technology textiles water power workforce economies of agglomeration economies of density economies of scale people groups richard arkwright thomas boulsover matthew boulton james brindley isambard kingdom brunel edmund cartwright henry cort thomas and george cranege samuel crompton abraham darby i abraham darby ii abraham darby iii francis egerton william fairbairn joseph gillott james hargreaves hawks family thomas highs eaton hodgkinson benjamin huntsman joseph marie jacquard john kay flying shuttle john kay spinning frame francis lowell lunar society josiah mason thomas newcomen robert owen lewis paul william radcliffe richard roberts thomas savery samuel slater john smeaton george stephenson robert stephenson thomas telford richard trevithick james watt john wilkinson john wyatt places abbeydale industrial hamlet allentown bethlehem birmingham bridgewater canal broseley coalbrookdale cromford derwent valley mills ironbridge new lanark portsmouth block mills quarry bank mill soho foundry stockton and darlington railway invention technology blast furnace canal cotton mill crucible steel factory flying shuttle newcomen steam engine power loom railway reverberatory furnace sheffield plate spinning frame spinning jenny steam engine stephenson s rocket water frame watt steam engine social impact birmingham pen trade bourgeoisie child labour cottage industry democracy and economic growth factory acts great divergence history of the cooperative movement industrial unrest industrial warfare luddite proletariat rochdale pioneers urbanization reference history of technology history of the british canal system industrial archaeology list of united kingdom related topics timeline of clothing and textiles technology timeline of historic inventions timeline of materials technology timeline of steam power category commons v t e history of technology ...