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to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 life toggle life subsection 1 1 demise 2 in popular culture 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents massai 1 language deutsch edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia apache warrior c 1847 1906 for the african tribe see maasai people for the weekly torah portion see masei parsha for the surname see massé for the billiards technique see massé shot wasse redirects here not to be confused with wassey or wassy massai massai in geronimo s camp march 1886 born c 1847 mescal mountain near globe arizona u s died september 4 1906 aged 58 59 san mateo mountains socorro county new mexico u s cause of death gunshot wounds left to right massai apache kid and rowdy pictured in a march 1886 photograph taken by c s fly at geronimo s camp massai also known as masai massey massi mah sii massa wasse wassil wild sand coyote or by the nickname big foot massai was a member of the mimbres mimbreños local group of the chihenne band of the chiricahua apache he was a warrior who was captured but escaped from a train that was sending the scouts and renegades to florida to be held with geronimo and chihuahua it is possible that massai s true apache name was nogusea meaning crazy according to jason betzinez and james kaywaykla he was enlisted as a member of chatto s band as known as ma che 1 life edit born to white cloud and little star at mescal mountain arizona near globe 2 3 he later married a local chiricahua and they had two children 4 massai later met geronimo who was recruiting apache to fight american settlers and soldiers massai and a tonkawa named gray lizard agreed to join geronimo who instructed them to lay in supplies of arms food and ammunition 5 other sources state that massai also served the united states government on two occasions once in 1880 and the other in 1885 as an apache scout 6 upon traveling to meet geronimo s forces the two were informed that geronimo had been arrested 5 both men were arrested by chiricahua apache scouts and disarmed massai was placed onto a prison train as a prisoner of war along with gray lizard who voluntarily agreed 7 to accompany massai together with the remaining chiricahua apache who had either been captured or had surrendered to the army this included the apache scouts who were now deemed expendable and undesirable 5 massai and gray lizard later escaped from the prison train near saint louis missouri 5 the two men walked some 1 200 miles back to the mescalero apache tribal area crossing the pecos river and capitan gap near sierra blanca new mexico the two men encountered a group of mescalero apache several days later the two parted at three rivers never to see each other again gray lizard departed for mescal mountain and the san carlos indian reservation near present day globe arizona while massai stayed on the run raiding along what is today the new mexico arizona border and periodically taking refuge across the border in mexico his name appeared in san carlos agency reports from 1887 to 1890 8 he later kidnapped and married c 1887 a mescalero apache girl named zan a go li che and took her home to his family at mescal mountain massai and zanagoliche had six children together 9 massai was among those pursued during the april june apache campaign of 1896 the final united states army operation against the chiricahua apaches demise edit in 1959 historian eve ball of ruidoso interviewed alberta begay massai s last surviving child through this interview ball learned many previously unknown details about massai s life during his final years these insights were published by ball in her 1980 book indeh an apache odyssey as a token of gratitude alberta gave ball massai s belt buckle that was passed on to her by zanagoliche after she found it among his burned remains on 4 september 1906 massai a chiricahua apache warrior often confused with the infamous apache kid was killed near chloride new mexico on september 4 rancher charlie anderson discovered that his home had been ransacked and his horses stolen believing that apaches were responsible anderson approached his friend walter hearn for assistance together they attempted to organize a posse to track the culprits 10 however many locals were unwilling to participate eventually anderson and hearn recruited a group of men that included bill keene harry james mike sullivan burt slinkard charley yaples ben kemp ed and john james sebe sorrells wesley burris and anderson s brother in law jim hiller after gathering supplies such as cheese crackers and sardines the posse began tracking the suspected raiders through the san mateo mountains after several days the posse discovered anderson s stolen horses near a recently abandoned campsite believing they were close to catching the raiders they decided to stake out the area at dawn a man and a boy approached the campsite without warning the posse opened fire killing the man the boy managed to escape initially the posse believed they had killed a well armed apache renegade however a search of the camp revealed that the man was unarmed and had no ammunition for his rifle burt slinkard one of the posse members later expressed regret for his role in the killing stating that ambushing an unarmed man was against his principles 11 among the items recovered from the camp were saunders gold watch and other goods believed to have been stolen during the recent raids the aftermath of the ambush took a darker turn massai s family who were hiding nearby heard the gunfire and saw the posse build an unusually large fire after the posse left massai s wife zanagoliche and their children returned to the site and discovered massai s charred remains among the ashes along with his belt buckle 12 reports soon surfaced that the posse had decapitated massai s body and taken his head as a trophy ben kemp later claimed that bill keene was seen boiling the head on his property and ed james admitted to being involved in the decapitation there are conflicting accounts about what happened to massai s severed head some sources suggest that it was taken as a trophy and eventually gifted to yale university s skull and bones society however these claims remain unverified the tucson daily citizen expressed skepticism noting that similar stories had been told about the apache kid and other prominent apache figures the newspaper even joked that skulls attributed to the apache kid could be acquired in arizona at wholesale rates casting doubt on the authenticity of such relics 13 despite the controversy surrounding massai s death the posse members reportedly agreed to a vow of secrecy this decision was likely influenced by concerns over the legality of their actions and the mutilation of massai s body 14 some members such as slinkard denied any involvement in the decapitation while others like ed james openly admitted to it 15 after massai s death zanagoliche took her children including alberta begay to the mescalero reservation there zanagoliche was reunited with family members she hadn t seen since her abduction sadly within the first year of life on the reservation three of begay s siblings died from disease mrs a e thomas a former teacher at the mescalero indian school remarked the older children accustomed to a free animal like existence pined away and died begay s brother clifford was later murdered as a teenager alberta begay spent her final years in a retirement home in alamogordo new mexico 16 another account states that massai escaped over the border to mexico eventually settling in the sierra madre mountains with a group of rebellious chiricahuas who had refused to surrender with geronimo in popular culture edit massai was portrayed in brownface by burt lancaster in the 1954 film apache see also edit apache campaign 1896 kelvin grade massacre list of fugitives from justice who disappeared renegade period of the apache wars references edit alicia delgadillo miriam perrett from fort marion to fort sill a documentary history of the chiricahua apache prisoners of war 1886 1913 university of nebraska press isbn 978 0803243798 2013 pp 178 179 ball eve indeh an apache odyssey norman ok university of oklahoma press isbn 978 0 8061 2165 9 1988 pp 248 261 begay alberta eve ball and sherry robinson apache voices their stories of survival as told to eve ball albuquerque nm university of new mexico press isbn 978 0826321633 2003 pp 87 102 begay pp 248 261 1 2 3 4 ball pp 249 252 begay pp 89 90 begay p 90 as a tonkawa gray lizard was not compelled to join the chiricahuan prisoners being deported begay p 94 begay pp 96 97 hearn killing of the apache kid p 17 lee they also served p 53 ball and begay indeh p 258 259 apache kid killed once more 1 leibson rancher reveals 40 year secret the last apache broncho the apache outlaw in the popular imagination 1886 2013 2014 by leah candolin robinson apache voices 100 v t e american frontier 1776 to 1912 native nations apache arapaho arikara assiniboine blackfoot cahuilla cayuse cheyenne chinook caddo cocopah comanche crow dakota five civilized tribes hidatsa hopi hualapai kickapoo kiowa kumeyaay kutenai lakota lenape mandan maricopa modoc mohave muscogee navajo nez perce northern paiute nuu chah nulth ojibwe pawnee pend d oreilles pequot pima pueblo seminoles shoshone sioux southern paiute tohono oʼodham tonkawa umpqua ute washoe yakama yaqui yavapai yuma quechan notable people native americans black hawk black kettle bloody knife chief joseph cochise degataga crazy bear crazy horse crazy snake dasoda hae geronimo ganundalegi irataba kiliahote manuelito massai plenty coups quanah parker red cloud sacagawea seattle sitting bull smallwood snapping turtle standing bear ten bears touch the clouds tuvi victorio washakie explorers and pioneers antonio armijo daniel boone john bozeman jim bridger tomás vélez cachupín william clark davy crockett donner party john c frémont liver eating johnson meriwether lewis joe mayer william john murphy john wesley powell juan rivera raphael rivera levi ruggles jedediah smith jack swilling trinidad swilling ora rush weed richens lacey wootton henry wickenburg old bill williams brigham young lawmen elfego baca charlie bassett roy bean morgan earp virgil earp wyatt earp henry garfias pat garrett jack helm wild bill hickok bat masterson mysterious dave mather bass reeves george scarborough john selman john horton slaughter william bill tilghman james timberlake harry c wheeler outlaws billy the kid black bart curly bill brocius butch cassidy billy clanton ike clanton dalton brothers grat bill bob emmett bill doolin bill downing john wesley hardin johnny ringo jesse james frank james tom ketchum frank mclaury tom mclaury joaquin murrieta belle starr soapy smith sundance kid tiburcio vásquez younger brothers cole bob jim john soldiers and scouts frederick russell burnham kit carson buffalo bill cody texas jack omohundro james c cooney george crook george armstrong custer alexis godey samuel p heintzelman tom horn calamity jane luther kelly ranald s mackenzie charley reynolds philip sheridan al sieber others john jacob astor william h boring jonathan r davis george flavel c s fly john joel glanton george e goodfellow doc holliday andrew jackson zephaniah kingsley seth kinman octaviano larrazolo nat love sylvester mowry emperor norton annie oakley sedona schnebly thomas william sweeny peter lebeck frontier culture american bison barbed wire boot hill cattle drive cowboy poetry cattle rustling cow town fast draw ghost town gunfights homesteading land rush manifest destiny moonshine one room schoolhouse rocky mountain rendezvous rodeo stagecoach train robbery vigilante justice western saloon tack piano westward expansion wild west shows transport and trails barlow road bozeman trail butterfield trail california trail chisholm trail great platte river road great western cattle trail lolo pass meek cutoff mormon trail oregon trail pony express santa fe trail southern emigrant trail tanner trail first transcontinental railroad folklore dead man s hand dime novel john henry johnny kaw long tom s treasure lost dutchman s gold mine lost ship of the desert montezuma s treasure paul bunyan pecos bill seven cities of gold gold rushes black hills gold rush california gold rush confederate gulch and diamond city klondike gold rush pike s peak gold rush gunfights battle of coffeyville battle of lincoln frisco shootout gunfight at the o k corral long branch saloon gunfight variety hall shootout military conflicts battle of the alamo battle of glorieta pass battle of the little bighorn battle of san jacinto battle of washita river bear flag revolt chimayó rebellion first battle of adobe walls indian wars mexican war sand creek massacre seminole wars texas revolution wounded knee massacre range wars and feuds earp clanton feud johnson county war lincoln county war mason county war pleasant valley war sheep wars sutton taylor feud lists arizona rangers bibliography of the american frontier cowboys and cowgirls gangs ghost towns gunfights lawmen mountain men outlaws timeline of the american old west influence cuisine of the western united states chuckwagon californian native american new mexican new mexico chile pacific northwestern rocky mountain oysters tex mex gothic western weird west western genre western lifestyle western music new mexico red dirt tejano texas country western wear cowboy boots cowboy hat jeans 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