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master slave technology wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 examples toggle examples subsection 1 1 computing 2 non examples 3 history 4 controversy toggle controversy subsection 4 1 notable events 5 see also 6 references toggle the table of contents master slave technology 16 languages العربية català čeština deutsch فارسی français galego italiano 日本語 한국어 македонски nederlands polski русский українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from master slave technology relationship between devices in which one controls the other for the master branch in git version control see git conventions for mastering in audio processing see mastering audio look up master or slave in wiktionary the free dictionary in engineering master slave is a relationship between two systems in which one controls the other in some cases one master controls just one slave system but in others there are multiple slave systems controlled by the same master sometimes the master is a different kind of system than the slave but sometimes there are multiple similar systems and one of them is designated the master in order to centralize external i e user control of the collection 1 it is also used to distinguish between systems that only issue commands master and those that only accept commands slave due to its association with slavery the terminology is a subject of controversy and has been replaced with alternative terms in some cases 2 3 4 examples edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources master slave technology news newspapers books scholar jstor november 2022 learn how and when to remove this message in photography secondary or slave flash units are connected to a master unit to provide synchronized lighting parallel audio duplication often entails multiple recording with devices i e for cassette tape or compact disc linked together so that operating the controls of a master device triggers the same commands on slave devices railway locomotives operating in the same train for example to pull a load too heavy for a single locomotive may be configured for master slave operation with all but one of the locomotives controlled from the first see multiple unit train control in a hydraulic system a master cylinder is a control device that converts force into hydraulic pressure that drives movement in a slave cylinder at the other end of the hydraulic line a common application is a vehicle brake system a master clock provides time signals used to synchronize one or more slave clocks as part of a clock network 5 a slave clock receives and displays the time from a master though it may be able to keep time itself if the master is not working computing edit computer bus protocols often use a master slave relationship for instance a usb host manages access to the usb bus shared by any number of usb devices a serial peripheral interface spi bus typically has a single master controlling multiple slaves 6 7 8 9 i2c and i3c may even have multiple masters on a bus modbus also uses a master device to initiate connection requests to slave devices an edge triggered flip flop can be created by arranging two gated latches in a master slave configuration it is so named because the master latch controls the slave latch s value and forces the slave latch to hold its value as the slave latch always copies its new value from the master latch in database replication the master database is the authoritative source the slave or replica database is controlled by the master database which repeats its update commands for example by way of event log to the slave the slave therefore retains an exact copy of transaction processed by the source database up to the most recently transmitted log 10 this scheme is not as strict as electronic devices sharing a clock however the slave database only does what the master tells it unless the slave is promoted due to failure of the master some databases implement so called multi master replication where a mix of writeable master nodes and readable nodes is used these databases are used in scenarios where performance is an acceptable tradeoff for acid properties for example non mission critical data like suggesting similar purchases non examples edit the term master is used in some technology contexts that do not refer to a relationship of control master may be used to mean a copy that has more significance than other copies in which case the term is an absolute concept not a relationship sometimes the term master slave is used in contexts that do not imply a controlling relationship in source code management master may refer to the trunk in disk imaging the gold master is the version that will be released to manufacturing for duplication a parallel ata aka ide hard drive interface supports two hard drives on a cable which are designated master and slave the distinction is required by the interface even though neither drive has control or priority over the other history edit the master slave terminology was first used in 1904 11 the terminology was used in 1988 for rfc 1059 and in 1997 for rfc 2136 related to the domain name system in 2020 paul vixie commented on his choice of words i introduced the master slave terminology in rfc 2136 because i needed names for the roles in an axfr ixfr transaction and the zone transfer hierarchy could be more than one layer deep such that a server might initiate some axfr ixfr s to the primary master but then respond to axfr ixfr s from other servers in retrospect i should have chosen the terms transfer initiator and transfer responder however the hydraulic brake and clutch systems in my car had master cylinders and slave cylinders and so i did not think i was either inventing a new use for the words master and slave or that my use of them for this purpose would be controversial 12 said hydraulic brakes for the automotive industry were patented in 1917 by malcolm loughead 13 the term slave cylinder was used in other patent applications including one by robert esnault pelterie published in 1919 14 controversy edit the examples and perspectives in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject you may improve this section discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new section as appropriate december 2023 learn how and when to remove this message media analytics company global language monitor placed master slave first in their annual list of politically charged language for 2004 15 the black lives matter movement in the united states sparked renewed discussion and terminology changes occurred in 2020 16 some argued however that terminology changes were superficial or performative activism 17 3 various alternate and generally context sensitive terms have been proposed including 16 3 18 19 20 host client primary secondary main replica main subordinate initiator target requester responder controller target controller device host worker host proxy leader follower director performer boss worker primary replica principal agent controller worker primary subordinate primary worker orchestrator worker notable events edit in 2003 after receiving a discrimination complaint from a county employee the county of los angeles in california asked that manufacturers suppliers and contractors stop using master and slave terminology on products 21 22 following complaints the county of los angeles issued a statement saying that the decision was nothing more than a request 21 in 2018 after a heated debate developers of python replaced the term 4 depending on context python switched to main parent or server in place of master and worker child or helper in place of slave 4 23 the linux kernel adopted a similar policy to use more specific terms in new code and documentation 19 24 in july 2018 google s developer style guide was updated to include avoiding the term master in software documentation especially in combination with slave instead the guide recommends terms when in combination such as primary secondary and original replica many individual variants of master and slave are given 25 in 2020 github renamed its default master git branch to main 16 see also edit bus mastering system for multiple bus access flexible single master operation feature of microsoft s active directory loop bin duplicator multi master replication method of database replication scsi initiator and target endpoint that initiates a scsi command references edit master slave terminology alternatives you can use right now theserverside com ellis leonard 2020 06 18 it s time for ieee to retire master slave ee times retrieved 2020 09 26 1 2 3 tech confronts its use of the labels master and slave wired issn 1059 1028 retrieved 2020 07 14 1 2 3 master slave terminology was removed from python programming language vice com september 13 2018 retrieved 2020 07 14 usno master clock archived from the original on 2010 03 10 retrieved 2009 10 07 dhaker piyu 2018 introduction to spi interface analog dialogue archived from the original on 2023 05 25 retrieved 2023 07 21 open source hardware association a resolution to redefine spi signal names nathan seidle a redefinition of spi signal names utah state university ece 3700 spi chip to chip communication mysql master slave replication 6 easy steps airbyte airbyte com the binary logs containing the changes are shipped from the master server to the slave servers so that they can exactly mimic what the main server is doing eglash ron 2007 broken metaphor the master slave analogy in technical literature technology and culture 48 2 360 369 doi 10 1353 tech 2007 0066 s2cid 1358719 re dnsop question regarding rfc 8499 loughhead malcolm braking apparatus archived 2020 07 23 at the wayback machine u s patent no 1 249 143 filed 1917 january 22 issued 1917 december 4 hydraulic power transmission installation master slave named most politically incorrect term seattle pi december 2 2004 we found master slave to be the most egregious example of political correctness in 2004 said paul jj payack president of the global language monitor 1 2 3 cimpanu catalin 14 june 2020 github to replace master with alternative term to avoid slavery references zdnet retrieved 3 november 2022 shankland stephen 2020 06 10 tech terms face scrutiny amid anti racism efforts cnet retrieved 2020 07 06 introduction to i2c and smbus linux kernel organization the linux kernel documentation retrieved may 5 2025 in earlier i2c specifications controller was named master and target was named slave these terms have been obsoleted with v7 of the specification use the inclusive terms controller and target 1 2 cimpanu catalin linux team approves new terminology bans terms like blacklist and slave zdnet a resolution to redefine spi signal names open source hardware association 7 january 2022 stoicescu alin getting started with serial peripheral interface spi microchip technology archived from the original on 2023 12 21 retrieved 2023 12 21 leader and followers martinfowler com retrieved 2024 04 11 documentation aix version 7 1 master slave model ibm com 2020 retrieved 30 october 2024 microsoft writing style guide master slave microsoft com 24 june 2022 retrieved 30 october 2024 serial peripheral interface spi devices www nxp com retrieved 2025 01 29 1 2 master and slave computer labels unacceptable officials say cnn november 26 2003 archived from the original on november 12 2020 retrieved january 2 2014 master slave snopes 9 december 2007 issue 34605 avoid master slave terminology python tracker bugs python org retrieved 2020 07 13 microsoft june 24 2022 master slave microsoft style guide google developer style guide retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title master slave_ technology oldid 1374993310 categories at attachment network protocols distributed computing architecture african american related controversies connotation linguistic controversies politics and race in the united states race related controversies metaphors referring to people 1900s neologisms slavery hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from november 2022 all articles needing additional references webarchive template wayback links articles with limited geographic scope from december 2023 this page was last edited on 15 september 2026 at 06 36 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents master slave technology 16 languages add topic