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rené nicolas charles augustin de maupeou wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 early life 2 coup 3 fall 4 issue 5 see also 6 notes 7 further reading toggle the table of contents rené nicolas charles augustin de maupeou 17 languages беларуская čeština deutsch español فارسی suomi français עברית magyar italiano lëtzebuergesch nederlands polski русский svenska українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from maupeou french noble lawyer and statesman 1714 1792 rené de maupeou redirects here for his father the french politician born in 1688 see rené charles de maupeou rené nicolas de maupeou portrait by pierre lacour chancellor of france in office 16 september 1768 1768 09 16 1 july 1790 1790 07 01 preceded by rené charles de maupeou first president of the parlement of paris in office 12 october 1763 1763 10 12 15 september 1768 1768 09 15 preceded by mathieu françois molé succeeded by étienne françois d aligre personal details born 1714 02 25 25 february 1714 montpellier france died 29 july 1792 1792 07 29 aged 78 le thuit france party bourbon crown profession statesman magistrate chief minister of france duke of choiseul turgot rené nicolas charles augustin de maupeou marquis de morangles 1 french mopu 25 february 1714 29 july 1792 was a french lawyer politician and chancellor of france whose attempts at reform signalled the failure of enlightened despotism in france he is best known for his effort to destroy the system of parlements which were powerful regional courts in 1770 74 when king louis xv died in 1774 the parlements were restored and maupeou lost power early life edit he was born in montpellier to a family ennobled in the sixteenth century as noblesse de robe the eldest son of rené charles de maupeou 1688 1775 who was president of the parlement of paris from 1743 to 1757 in 1744 he married a rich heiress anne de roncherolles 1725 1752 a cousin of madame d épinay the friend of rousseau who moved in the circles of the philosophes entering public life he was his father s right hand in the conflicts between the parlement and christophe de beaumont archbishop of paris who was supported by the court between 1763 and 1768 dates which cover the revision of the calas case that voltaire had championed and the trial of the comte de lally maupeou was himself president of the parlement in 1768 2 he became chancellor in succession to his father who had held the office for twenty four hours only largely in order to permit him to retire with the prestigious title with the disgrace of choiseul 24 december 1770 maupeou was the chief minister he determined to support the royal authority against the parlement the perennial block to reforms of the tax farming system or the privileges of the propertied classes which in league with the provincial magistratures was seeking to arrogate to itself the functions of the states general he allied himself with the duc d aiguillon and the king s mistress madame du barry and secured for a creature of his own the abbé terray the office of comptroller general the struggle erupted over the trial of the case of the duc d aiguillon ex governor of brittany and of la chalotais procureur général of the province who had been imprisoned by the governor for accusations against his administration when the parlement showed signs of hostility against aiguillon maupeou read letters patent from louis xv annulling the proceedings louis replied to remonstrances from the parlement by a lit de justice in which he demanded the surrender of the procedural minutes on 27 november 1770 appeared the édit de règlement et de discipline which was promulgated by the chancellor forbidding the union of the various branches of the parlement and correspondence with the provincial magistratures it also made a strike on the part of the parlement punishable by confiscation of goods and forbade further obstruction to the registration of royal decrees after the royal reply had been given to a first remonstrance this edict the magistrates refused to register and it was registered in a lit de justice held at versailles on 7 december whereupon the parlement was suspended in its functions coup edit after five summonses to return to their duties the magistrates were surprised individually on the night of 19 january 1771 by musketeers who required them to sign yes or no to a further request to return thirty eight magistrates gave an affirmative answer but on the exile of their former colleagues by lettres de cachet they retracted and were also exiled maupeou installed the council of state to administer justice pending the establishment of six superior courts in the provinces and of a new parlement in paris in which the magistrature would no longer be a hereditary prerogative but become salaried officials appointed by the crown the cour des aides was next suppressed maupeou proposed to make the judicial system more uniform throughout the country which was a patchwork of local judicatures 3 voltaire praised this revolution applauding the suppression of the old hereditary magistracy but for the aristocrats and the noblesse de robe maupeou s policy was regarded as the triumph of tyranny the remonstrances of the princes of the nobles and of the minor courts were met by exile and suppression but by the end of 1771 the new system of the parlements de maupeou was established and the bar which had offered a passive resistance recommenced to plead a renewed attempt was made to tax the privileged and exempted groups but it was not merely the death of louis xv in may 1774 that ruined the chancellor durand echeverria characterized the dismissal of maupeou as the inevitable liquidation of an exhausted expedient 4 fall edit the immediate restoration of the parlements by louis xvi was followed by a renewal of the quarrels between the new king and the magistrature maupeou and terray were replaced on 24 august 1774 by miromesnil and then by malesherbes recalled from his exile in 1775 to be secretary of state of the maison du roi and by the economist turgot maupeou is said to have remarked i had won for the king a case that has lasted three hundred years he wishes to lose it again he is the master of it 5 maupeou lived in retreat still holding the office of chancellor abolished 1 july 1790 until his death at thuit eure in 1792 having lived to see the overthrow of the ancien régime his work in so far as it was directed towards the separation of the judicial and political functions and to the reform of the abuses attaching to a hereditary magistrature was subsequently endorsed by the revolution he had aimed at securing absolute power for louis xv but his intrigues and the violence of his judicial actions were in reality a serious blow to the monarchy by pressing the issue of sovereignty to an ultimate confrontation in this way remarks keith michael baker 6 of maupeou s staffing his remodelled courts with men willing to exercise judicial functions within limits imposed by the royal will he undermined in practice exactly that belief in a constitutional middle ground between liberty and despotism that guillaume joseph saige had been concerned to deny in theory issue edit he had two sons rené ange augustin de maupeou 1746 1794 who became maître de camp of the royal burgundy cavalry regiment fr charles victor rené de maupeou 1749 1789 who became maître des requêtes see also edit maupeou family notes edit he was marquis de morangles and de bully vicomte de bruyères the patronage of the duc de choiseul has been overplayed durand echeverria the maupeou revolution a study in the history of libertarianism france 1770 1774 1985 echeverria s assessment rings true according to bailey stone reinterpreting the french revolution a global historical perspective 2002 36 j avais fait gagner au roi un procès qui dure depuis trois cents ans il veut le reperdre il en est le maître baker inventing the french revolution essays on french political culture in the eighteenth century 2nd ed 1990 139 further reading edit bell david a lawyers into demagogues chancellor maupeou and the transformation of legal practice in france 1771 1789 past and present 1991 107 141 in jstor doyle william the parlements of france and the breakdown of the old regime 1771 1788 french historical studies 1970 415 458 in jstor echeverria durand the maupeou revolution a study in the history of libertarianism france 1770 1774 louisiana state university press 1985 jones colin the great nation france from louis xv to napoleon 2003 pp 280 98 swann julian politics and the parlement of paris under louis xv 1754 1774 cambridge university press 1995 this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 maupeou rené nicolas charles augustin encyclopædia britannica vol 17 11th ed cambridge university press pp 906 907 v t e chief ministers to the french monarch cardinal richelieu cardinal mazarin cardinal dubois duc d orléans duc de bourbon cardinal fleury duc de choiseul maupeou comte de maurepas comte de vergennes brienne necker breteuil necker comte de montmorin authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data netherlands poland israel belgium people deutsche biographie ddb other idref snac retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title rené_nicolas_charles_augustin_de_maupeou oldid 1356165195 categories 1714 births 1792 deaths politicians from montpellier occitan people chancellors of france french marquesses hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages with french ipa wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 encyclopaedia britannica with wikisource reference wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 encyclopædia britannica this page was last edited on 26 may 2026 at 02 31 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety 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