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median consonant wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 see also 2 references toggle the table of contents median consonant 15 languages brezhoneg español français italiano 日本語 한국어 limburgs lietuvių македонски nederlands polski română tagalog اردو 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia consonant sound this article includes a list of general references but lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations august 2018 learn how and when to remove this message palatograms of median t and lateral l a median consonant also known as a central consonant not to be confused with the articulation of a central vowel 1 is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows along the midline of the mouth over the tongue the class contrasts with lateral consonants in which air flows over one or both sides of the tongue in english all consonants but l are median it is uncommon to explicitly describe a consonant in a language as median generally if a consonant is not described as lateral it is assumed to be median and in the ipa chart the median consonants are all those not specified as lateral the term is most relevant for approximants and fricatives for which there are contrasting lateral and median consonants for example median ɹ versus lateral l among approximants and median z versus lateral ɮ among fricatives there are no purely lateral plosives but plosives can have a lateral release which may be written in the international phonetic alphabet using a superscript l e g tˡ or may be implied with a following lateral letter e g tɬ the labial fricatives f v often perhaps usually have lateral rather than central airflow as occlusion between the teeth and lips blocks the airflow in the center but nonetheless they are not defined as lateral consonants because no language makes a distinction between the two in some languages the laterality of a phoneme may be indeterminate in japanese for example there is a tap consonant r that may be either median or lateral resulting in e g ro being produced as either median ɾo or lateral ɺo see also edit manner of articulation sulcalization list of phonetics topics references edit pullum geoffrey k ladusaw william a 1996 phonetic symbol guide university of chicago press p xxxiv isbn 0 226 68536 5 ladefoged peter maddieson ian 1996 the sounds of the world s languages oxford blackwell isbn 0 631 19815 6 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title median_consonant oldid 1353876591 categories median consonants consonants by manner of articulation hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles lacking in text citations from august 2018 all articles lacking in text citations pages using multiple image with auto scaled images pages with plain ipa this page was last edited on 12 may 2026 at 22 44 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents median consonant 15 languages add topic