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Text of the page (random words):
mende kikakui script wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 usage 3 characters 4 unicode 5 references 6 sources 7 external links toggle the table of contents mende kikakui script 13 languages العربية asturianu বাংলা deutsch esperanto español suomi français magyar 日本語 polski русский ไทย edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia syllabary for the mende language of sierra leone mende kikakui script type syllabary creator mohamed turay period 1917 present direction right to left script languages mende iso 15924 iso 15924 mend 438 mende kikakui unicode unicode alias mende kikakui unicode range u 1e800 u 1e8df final accepted script proposal mɛɛnde yia in mende script kikakui read from right to left the mende kikakui script is a syllabary used for writing the mende language of sierra leone history edit the script was devised by mohamed turay ca 1850 1923 an islamic scholar at a town called maka barri chiefdom southern sierra leone around 1917 his writing system an abugida called kikakui after the first three consonant sounds was inspired by the arabic abjad the vai syllabary and certain indigenous mende pictograms and cryptographic characters it originally had around 42 characters 1 one of turay s quranic students as well as his nephew and son in law was a young kuranko man named kisimi kamara he adjusted and developed the script further with help from his brothers adding more than 150 other syllabic characters kamara popularized the script travelling widely in mendeland and becoming a well known figure eventually establishing himself as one of the most important chiefs in southern sierra leone in the mid 20th century he is sometimes erroneously cited as the inventor of kikakui 2 the script achieved widespread use for a time particularly for financial and legal documents 3 the colonial authorities choice in the 1930s to use diedrich hermann westermann s africa alphabet based on the latin script for writing local languages pushed kikakui into the background 1 it is now considered a failed script 4 kikakui is still used today by an estimated few hundred individuals 1 usage edit methodist missionaries in sierra leone considered using kikakui to transliterate the bible but ultimately selected the africa alphabet due to the supposed efficiency and ease of writing of an alphabet experience however proved that a syllabary such as kikakui was better suited for teaching and learning languages such as mende that have an open syllable or consonant vowel cv structure 5 the script was originally used by specialists who served as record keepers for the courts and benefited from having a monopoly in its usage this created resistance to foreign missionaries attempt to use kikakui as a language for general instruction and made it seem too secret for local christians efforts to promulgate the bible in a widely understood script so its usage in a christian context dwindled the script is however still used for transcribing passages of the quran 6 characters edit there were an original 42 syllabic characters that were ordered according to sound and shape while 150 more characters were later added without the same consistency to the character set some of the initial 42 characters resemble an abugida given the standard ability for a reader to discern the vowels from seeing the character as indicated by dots in consistent locations but such uniformity vanishes in the remaining 150 characters glyphic variants have been found for certain characters letters of the mende kikakui syllabary additionally digits are encoded by indicating the place value on each digit for a number with the units digit alone having no special indication beyond the 10s digit the further digits are written on top of the base place value indicator which increases in vertical lines from 2 at the 100s place indicating 2 10 the digit above to the millionths digit that is encoded which has 6 all of the different possible digits are encoded separately unicode edit main article mende kikakui unicode block mende kikakui script was added to the unicode standard in june 2014 with the release of version 7 0 the unicode block for mende kikakui is u 1e800 u 1e8df mende kikakui 1 2 official unicode consortium code chart pdf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f u 1e80x 𞠀 𞠁 𞠂 𞠃 𞠄 𞠅 𞠆 𞠇 𞠈 𞠉 𞠊 𞠋 𞠌 𞠍 𞠎 𞠏 u 1e81x 𞠐 𞠑 𞠒 𞠓 𞠔 𞠕 𞠖 𞠗 𞠘 𞠙 𞠚 𞠛 𞠜 𞠝 𞠞 𞠟 u 1e82x 𞠠 𞠡 𞠢 𞠣 𞠤 𞠥 𞠦 𞠧 𞠨 𞠩 𞠪 𞠫 𞠬 𞠭 𞠮 𞠯 u 1e83x 𞠰 𞠱 𞠲 𞠳 𞠴 𞠵 𞠶 𞠷 𞠸 𞠹 𞠺 𞠻 𞠼 𞠽 𞠾 𞠿 u 1e84x 𞡀 𞡁 𞡂 𞡃 𞡄 𞡅 𞡆 𞡇 𞡈 𞡉 𞡊 𞡋 𞡌 𞡍 𞡎 𞡏 u 1e85x 𞡐 𞡑 𞡒 𞡓 𞡔 𞡕 𞡖 𞡗 𞡘 𞡙 𞡚 𞡛 𞡜 𞡝 𞡞 𞡟 u 1e86x 𞡠 𞡡 𞡢 𞡣 𞡤 𞡥 𞡦 𞡧 𞡨 𞡩 𞡪 𞡫 𞡬 𞡭 𞡮 𞡯 u 1e87x 𞡰 𞡱 𞡲 𞡳 𞡴 𞡵 𞡶 𞡷 𞡸 𞡹 𞡺 𞡻 𞡼 𞡽 𞡾 𞡿 u 1e88x 𞢀 𞢁 𞢂 𞢃 𞢄 𞢅 𞢆 𞢇 𞢈 𞢉 𞢊 𞢋 𞢌 𞢍 𞢎 𞢏 u 1e89x 𞢐 𞢑 𞢒 𞢓 𞢔 𞢕 𞢖 𞢗 𞢘 𞢙 𞢚 𞢛 𞢜 𞢝 𞢞 𞢟 u 1e8ax 𞢠 𞢡 𞢢 𞢣 𞢤 𞢥 𞢦 𞢧 𞢨 𞢩 𞢪 𞢫 𞢬 𞢭 𞢮 𞢯 u 1e8bx 𞢰 𞢱 𞢲 𞢳 𞢴 𞢵 𞢶 𞢷 𞢸 𞢹 𞢺 𞢻 𞢼 𞢽 𞢾 𞢿 u 1e8cx 𞣀 𞣁 𞣂 𞣃 𞣄 u 1e8dx 𞣐 𞣑 𞣒 𞣓 𞣔 𞣕 𞣖 notes 1 as of unicode version 18 0 2 grey areas indicate non assigned code points references edit 1 2 3 everson tuchscherer 2012 tuchscherer 1995 p 170 tuchscherer 1995 p 175 unseth peter 2011 invention of scripts in west africa for ethnic revitalization in the success failure continuum in language and ethnic identity efforts ed by joshua a fishman and ofelia garcía pp 23 32 new york oxford university press tuchscherer 1995 p 183 tuchscherer 1995 p 185 sources edit everson michael tuchscherer konrad 2012 01 24 n4167 revised proposal for encoding the mende script in the smp of the ucs pdf working group document iso iec jtc1 sc2 wg2 tuchscherer konrad 1995 african script and scripture the history of the kikakui mende writing system for bible translations african languages and cultures 8 2 169 188 doi 10 1080 09544169508717794 jstor 1771691 external links edit http www omniglot com writing mende htm v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testerian yerkish zapotec logograms chinese family of scripts chinese characters simplified traditional oracle bone script bronze scripts seal script large small bird worm hanja kanji chữ nôm sawndip bowen chinese influenced jurchen khitan large script sui tangut cuneiform akkadian assyrian elamite hittite luwian sumerian other logosyllabic anatolian bagam cretan isthmian maya proto elamite tenevil wiigwaasabak yi classical logoconsonantal demotic hieratic hieroglyphs numerals hindu arabic abjad attic greek muisca roman other sitelen pona semi syllabaries full linear elamite celtiberian iberian northeastern southeastern khom dunging redundant espanca script pahawh hmong khitan small script southwest paleohispanic bopomofo quốc âm tân tự sign languages aslwrite signwriting si5s stokoe notation syllabaries afaka bamum bété byblos canadian aboriginal cherokee cypriot cypro minoan ditema tsa dinoko eskayan geba great lakes algonquian iban idu kana hiragana katakana man yōgana hentaigana sōgana jindai moji kikakui kpelle linear b linear elamite lisu loma nüshu nwagu aneke script old persian cuneiform sumerian vai woleai yi yugtun v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title mende_kikakui_script oldid 1352301087 categories syllabary writing systems writing systems of africa abugida writing systems constructed scripts mende language right to left writing systems hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata scripts with iso 15924 four letter codes this page was last edited on 3 may 2026 at 11 34 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the 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