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mental mapping wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 background 2 research applications 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents mental mapping 10 languages العربية čeština suomi français עברית 日本語 nederlands norsk bokmål română svenska edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia person s point of view perception of their area this article is about the geographical concept for the diagram see mind map in behavioral geography a mental map is a person s point of view perception of their area of interaction although this kind of subject matter would seem most likely to be studied by fields in the social sciences this particular subject is most often studied by modern day geographers researchers have also applied mental mapping to understand and define cognitive regions 1 2 they study it to determine subjective qualities from the public such as personal preference and practical uses of geography like driving directions mass media also have a virtually direct effect on a person s mental map of the geographical world 3 the perceived geographical dimensions of a foreign nation relative to one s own nation may often be heavily influenced by the amount of time and relative news coverage that the news media may spend covering news events from that foreign region for instance a person might perceive a small island to be nearly the size of a continent merely based on the amount of news coverage that they are exposed to on a regular basis 4 failed verification in psychology the term names the information maintained in the mind of an organism by means of which it may plan activities select routes over previously traveled territories etc the rapid traversal of a familiar maze depends on this kind of mental map if scents or other markers laid down by the subject are eliminated before the maze is re run background edit mental maps are an outcome of the field of behavioral geography the imagined maps are considered one of the first studies that intersected geographical settings with human action 5 the most prominent contribution and study of mental maps was in the writings of kevin lynch in the image of the city lynch used simple sketches of maps created from memory of an urban area to reveal five elements of the city nodes edges districts paths and landmarks 6 lynch claimed that most often our perception of the city is not sustained but rather partial fragmentary mixed with other concerns nearly every sense is in operation and the image is the composite of them all lynch 1960 p 2 the creation of a mental map relies on memory as opposed to being copied from a preexisting map or image in the image of the city lynch asks a participant to create a map as follows make it just as if you were making a rapid description of the city to a stranger covering all the main features we don t expect an accurate drawing just a rough sketch lynch 1960 p 141 in the field of human geography mental maps have led to an emphasizing of social factors and the use of social methods versus quantitative or positivist methods 5 mental maps have often led to revelations regarding social conditions of a particular space or area haken and portugali 2003 developed an information view which argued that the face of the city is its information 7 bin jiang 2012 argued that the image of the city or mental map arises out of the scaling of city artifacts and locations 8 he addressed that why the image of city can be formed 9 and he even suggested ways of computing the image of the city or more precisely the kind of collective image of the city using increasingly available geographic information such as flickr and twitter 10 using mental maps we will be able to predict individual decision making and spatial selection as well as evaluate their routing and navigation a cognitive maps utility as a mnemonic and metaphorical device is precisely one of its other benefits as a shaper of the world and local attitudes 11 the first major field of study within the domain of memory maps is geography spatial cognition and neurophysiology this aims to understand how routes are drawn by subject from their set of subjects out into space which lead to memorization and internal representations overall these representations take the form of drawings positioning in a graph or oral textual narratives but are reflected as behavior is space that can be recorded as tracking items 12 research applications edit mental maps have been used in a collection of spatial research many studies have been performed that focus on the quality of an environment in terms of feelings such as fear desire and stress a study by matei et al in 2001 used mental maps to reveal the role of media in shaping urban space in los angeles the study used geographic information systems gis to process 215 mental maps taken from seven neighborhoods across the city the results showed that people s fear perceptions in los angeles are not associated with high crime rates but are instead associated with a concentration of certain ethnicities in a given area 13 the mental maps recorded in the study draw attention to these areas of concentrated ethnicities as parts of the urban space to avoid or stay away from mental maps have also been used to describe the urban experience of children in a 2008 study by olga den besten mental maps were used to map out the fears and dislikes of children in berlin and paris the study looked into the absence of children in today s cities and the urban environment from a child s perspective of safety stress and fear 14 peter gould and rodney white have performed prominent analyses in the book mental maps this book is an investigation into people s spatial desires the book asks of its participants suppose you were suddenly given the chance to choose where you would like to live an entirely free choice that you could make quite independently of the usual constraints of income or job availability where would you choose to go gould 1974 p 15 gould and white use their findings to create a surface of desire for various areas of the world the surface of desire is meant to show people s environmental preferences and regional biases 15 in an experiment done by edward c tolman the development of a mental map was seen in rats a rat was placed in a cross shaped maze and allowed to explore it after this initial exploration the rat was placed at one arm of the cross and food was placed at the next arm to the immediate right the rat was conditioned to this layout and learned to turn right at the intersection in order to get to the food when placed at different arms of the cross maze however the rat still went in the correct direction to obtain the food because of the initial mental map it had created of the maze rather than just deciding to turn right at the intersection no matter what the rat was able to determine the correct way to the food no matter where in the maze it was placed 16 the idea of mental maps is also used in strategic analysis david brewster an australian strategic analyst has applied the concept to strategic conceptions of south asia and southeast asia he argues that popular mental maps of where regions begin and end can have a significant impact on the strategic behaviour of states 17 a collection of essays documenting current geographical and historical research in mental maps is published by the journal of cultural geography in 2018 18 see also edit spatial cognition references edit bláha jan d nováček aleš 2016 how central europe is perceived and delimited mitteilungen der österreichischen geographischen gesellschaft 158 193 214 retrieved 2025 11 12 nováček aleš bláha jan d zajíčková aneta 2025 border between west and east of europe in the mental maps of european university students hungarian geographical bulletin 74 1 23 36 retrieved 2025 11 12 mental maps social and spatial research on emtional and affective implications of maps and space mentalmaps info mental maps on about com 1 2 gregory derek johnston rom pratt geraldine 2009 dictionary of human geography mental maps cognitive maps 5th ed hoboken new jersey wiley blackwell p 455 isbn 9781444310566 lynch kevin 1960 the image of the city cambridge massachusetts mit press haken herman portugali juval august 2003 the face of the city is its information journal of environmental psychology 23 4 385 408 doi 10 1016 s0272 4944 03 00003 3 jiang bin 2012 the image of the city out of the underlying scaling of city artifacts or locations annals of the association of american geographers 103 6 1552 1566 arxiv 1209 1112 bibcode 2012arxiv1209 1112j doi 10 1080 00045608 2013 779503 s2cid 119227287 jiang bin 2012 why can the image of the city be formed arxiv 1212 3703 bibcode 2012arxiv1212 3703j cite journal cite journal requires journal help jiang bin 2012 computing the image of the city arxiv 1212 0940 bibcode 2012arxiv1212 0940j cite journal cite journal requires journal help aram farshid solgi ebrahim higueras garcía ester mohammadzadeh s danial mosavi amir shamshirband shahaboddin january 2019 design and validation of a computational program for analysing mental maps aram mental map analyzer sustainability 11 14 3790 doi 10 3390 su11143790 issn 2071 1050 guelton bernard 2023 mental maps between memorial transcription and symbolic projection frontiers in psychology 14 doi 10 3389 fpsyg 2023 1142238 issn 1664 1078 pmc 10086158 pmid 37057159 matei sorin ball rokeach sandra qiu linchuan jack august 2001 fear and misperception of los angeles urban space a spatial statistical study of communication shaped mental maps pdf communication research 28 4 429 463 doi 10 1177 009365001028004004 s2cid 17998902 retrieved 4 november 2012 den besten olga den may 2010 local belonging and geographies of emotions immigrant children s experience of their neighbourhoods in paris and berlin childhood 17 2 181 195 doi 10 1177 0907568210365649 s2cid 220340345 gould peter white rodney 1993 mental maps new york rutledge p 93 goldstein b 2011 cognitive psychology connecting mind research and everyday experience with coglab manual 3rd ed belmont ca wadsworth david brewster 2014 dividing lines evolving mental maps of the bay of bengal retrieved 21 september 2014 asian security 10 2 151 götz norbert holmén janne february 15 2018 introduction to the theme issue mental maps geographical and historical perspectives journal of cultural geography 25 2 thousand oaks california sage journals 157 161 doi 10 1080 08873631 2018 1426953 s2cid 149431054 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title mental_mapping oldid 1344579800 categories knowledge representation cognitive psychology human geography spatial cognition hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata all articles with failed verification articles with failed verification from september 2021 cs1 errors missing periodical this page was last edited on 21 march 2026 at 09 13 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia 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