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acecraft drift in pitch as the spacecraft approached the highest point of its suborbital arc the start retro sequence light came on alerting shepard that the three retrorockets were about to fire they would do this in sequence five seconds apart burning for ten seconds each shepard began adjusting his pitch nose downward toward the proper retrofire attitude of 34 degrees but he only got to around orbit attitude 14 degrees before the first retrorocket fired he then got his pitch further down to about 25 degrees in time for the second and third retrorockets this pitch discrepancy was not critical for this flight because shepard s suborbital trajectory would lead to reentry anyway and the difference in pitch wouldn t affect shepard s landing location much shepard was only testing the pilot s ability to manually control the spacecraft s attitude during retrofire in his initial postflight debriefing shepard reported that he must have somehow gotten confused about his pitch attitude but as it turned out he was the victim of a misunderstanding this particular spacecraft s pitch indicator had originally been set so that its reference position for retrofire attitude which was the nine o clock position on the indicator was at 43 degrees pitch rather than the 34 degrees later decided upon for retrofire shepard had assumed it was still set that way and deliberately adjusted his pitch high to compensate but in fact the indicator had been changed with the nine o clock reference position being updated to the correct 34 degrees somehow shepard had not been informed so his compensation made his pitch too high 30 just after retrofire shepard switched into the fly by wire control mode where the pilot s motions of the three axis control stick electrically triggered the control jets of the automatic system to fire for the desired positioning rather than proportionally opening the manual system s control jets soon afterward the retrorocket pack was automatically jettisoned this pack was attached over the heatshield by straps and so was normally released before reentry shepard heard the noise of the jettison and saw one of the straps fly past a window but the confirmation light did not turn on however fellow mercury astronaut deke slayton who was acting as capsule communicator capcom in the mercury control center confirmed to shepard that the pack had jettisoned so shepard activated the manual override for the jettison system to trigger the light 31 32 33 it was later determined that the retro jettison light hadn t activated because of an issue with the electrically triggered pyrotechnic squibs that were fired to release the retrorocket pack these squibs when triggered could draw excessive current from the electrical system dropping its voltage to the point that the timer which was supposed to activate the retro jettison light got reset the squibs were modified to prevent this problem in future missions 34 shepard reported that fly by wire felt smooth and gave the sensation of being fully in command of the craft 35 before letting the automatic systems briefly take over to reorient the capsule for reentry he then kept control until the g forces peaked at 11 6 g during re entry he held the capsule until it had stabilized and then relinquished control to the automated system the descent was faster than anticipated but the parachutes deployed as planned a drogue at 21 000 ft 6 4 km and a main parachute at 10 000 ft 3 0 km 28 36 splashdown occurred with an impact comparable to landing a jet aircraft on an aircraft carrier freedom 7 tilted over on its right side about 60 degrees from an upright position but did not show any signs of leaking it gently righted itself after a minute and shepard was able to report to the circling aircraft that he had landed safely and was ready to be recovered a recovery helicopter arrived after a few minutes and after a brief problem with the spacecraft antenna the capsule was lifted partly out of the water in order to allow shepard to leave by the main hatch he squeezed out of the door and into a sling hoist and was pulled into the helicopter which flew both the astronaut and his spacecraft to a waiting aircraft carrier uss lake champlain the whole recovery process had taken only eleven minutes from splashdown to arriving aboard 37 the flight lasted 15 minutes 22 seconds and the spacecraft traveled 302 miles 486 km from its launch point ascending to 116 5 miles 187 5 km freedom 7 landed at these coordinates 27 14 n 75 53 w 27 23 n 75 88 w 27 23 75 88 it reached a speed of 5 180 mph 8 340 km h 38 besides that the spaceflight mission featured the first manual pilot control of the spacecraft 39 following the flight the spacecraft was examined by engineers and found to be in excellent shape so much so that they decided it could have been safely used again in another launch given to the smithsonian institution by nasa freedom 7 was previously displayed at the u s naval academy in annapolis maryland until 2012 in 2012 it was on display at the john f kennedy library in boston massachusetts beginning on may 5 2021 the 60th anniversary of the first american in space the mercury redstone mr 3 spacecraft freedom 7 was on display and exhibited at the smithsonian s steven f udvar hazy center located in chantilly virginia it currently is on display at the smithsonian s national air and space museum located in washington d c president kennedy watching the flight on tv together with the first lady vice president johnson and others alan shepard in freedom 7 spacecraft before launch photo taken by 70 mm earth sky camera mounted on the spacecraft hus 1 helicopter from uss lake champlain recovering alan shepard from the freedom 7 capsule alan shepard on the deck of the aircraft carrier uss lake champlain after recovery of freedom 7 freedom 7 formerly on display at the u s naval academy now displayed at the smithsonian s national air and space museum in washington d c mission insignia depiction in popular culture edit in june 1961 laurie records issued a 45 rpm single featuring william allen and orchestra entitled space flight freedom 7 it consisted of recreations of the tower to astronaut communications spoken over an instrumental backing the mercury redstone 3 mission was dramatized in tom wolfe s 1979 book the right stuff philip kaufman s 1983 film the right stuff based on the book scott glenn plays shepard the 1998 hbo miniseries from the earth to the moon episode can we do this starring ted levine as shepard and the 2016 film hidden figures dane davenport plays shepard in the 2020 mini series the right stuff jake mcdorman plays shepard in the 2008 video game fallout 3 the player can visit the museum of technology in the ruins of washington d c two centuries after a nuclear war the game takes place in an alternate timeline that diverges from reality after world war ii in the museum is an exhibit about a slightly different version of mercury redstone 3 freedom 7 called defiance 7 that launched on may 5 1961 the day freedom 7 was launched and was piloted by fictional astronaut carl bell the exhibit states that bell was the first human in space in this timeline and did not survive the space flight having died in a crash landing his skeleton and space suit were donated to the museum and are on display there 40 flight events edit flights events of the mercury redstone 3 mission 41 8 time mm ss event description 42 00 00 liftoff mercury redstone lifts off onboard clock starts 00 24 pitch program redstone pitches over at average rate 0 67 deg s from 90 deg to 41 deg 43 01 24 max q maximum dynamic pressure 575 lbf ft² 28 kpa 02 12 end pitch program redstone reaches 41 deg pitch 43 02 20 beco redstone engine shutdown booster engine cutoff velocity 5 200 mph 2 3 km s 02 22 tower jettison escape tower jettison no longer needed 02 24 spacecraft separation posigrade rockets fire for 1 s giving 15 ft s 4 6 m s separation 02 35 turnaround maneuver spacecraft ascs system rotates spacecraft 180 degrees to heat shield forward attitude 02 35 manual control manual controls unlocked pilot tests all axes 04 44 retro attitude maneuver ascs orients spacecraft to 34 degrees nose down pitch 0 degrees roll 0 degrees yaw 05 00 apogee apogee of about 115 miles 185 km reached at 150 miles 240 km downrange from launch site 05 15 retrofire three retro rockets fire for 10 seconds each they are started at 5 second intervals firing overlaps 550 ft s 170 m s is taken off forward velocity 05 45 retract periscope periscope is automatically retracted in preparation for reentry 06 15 retro pack jettison one minute after retrofire retro pack is jettisoned leaving heat shield clear 07 15 0 05 g 0 5 m s² maneuver ascs detects beginning of reentry and rolls spacecraft at 10 deg s to stabilize spacecraft during reentry 09 38 drogue parachute deploy drogue parachute deployed at 22 000 ft 6 7 km slowing descent to 365 ft s 111 m s and stabilizing spacecraft 09 45 snorkel deploy fresh air snorkel deploys at 20 000 ft 6 1 km ecs switches to emergency oxygen rate to cool cabin 10 15 main parachute deploy main parachute deploys at 10 000 ft 3 0 km descent rate slows to 30 ft s 9 1 m s 10 20 landing bag deploy landing bag deploys dropping heat shield down 4 ft 1 2 m 10 20 fuel dump remaining hydrogen peroxide fuel automatically dumped 15 22 splashdown spacecraft lands in water about 300 mi 480 km downrange from launch site 15 30 rescue aids deploy rescue aid package deployed the package includes green dye marker recovery radio beacon and whip antenna see also edit spaceflight portal vostok 1 and yuri gagarin the first human space flight april 12 1961 mercury seven the mercury astronauts references edit notes edit the previous three mercury redstone flights were the uncrewed mercury redstone 1a mercury redstone 2 which carried a chimpanzee and mercury redstone bd an uncrewed flight with a boilerplate non production mercury capsule all local times quoted here are in eastern standard time as florida did not observe daylight saving time until 1966 citations edit this article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the national aeronautics and space administration swenson jr loyd s grimwood james m alexander charles c 1989 11 1 suborbital flights into space in woods david gamble chris eds this new ocean a history of project mercury url nasa history series nasa sp 4201 archived from the original on july 13 2009 retrieved august 15 2017 1 2 catchpole 2001 p 132 1 2 alexander al 1966 p 640 this new ocean p 342 this new ocean p 342 grimwood p 118 grimwood p 119 grimwood p 129 this new ocean p 315 this new ocean p 316 this new ocean pp 323 4 this new ocean p 324 this new ocean p 330 this new ocean p 342 this new ocean p 350 this new ocean p 351 this new ocean p 365 hamblin dora jane october 11 1968 spacecraft anonymous life pp 107 116 this new ocean pp 350 351 this new ocean pp 351 352 shepard jr alan b slayton deke barbree jay benedict howard 1994 moon shot the inside story of america s race to the moon 1 ed kansas city mo turner pp 383 isbn 1878685546 this new ocean p 368 this new ocean p 341 the mercury redstone program p 15 hammack 1961 pp 34 48 49 62 63 results of the first u s manned suborbital space flight pp 71 72 this new ocean p 353 1 2 hammack 1961 pp 34 49 50 63 64 this new ocean pp 353 5 hammack 1961 pp 34 49 50 63 90 hammack 1961 pp 34 50 63 64 results of the first u s manned suborbital space flight p 72 this new ocean p 355 the mercury redstone program p 27 this new ocean p 355 this new ocean p 356 this new ocean pp 356 7 mercury redstone 3 18 nasa february 20 2015 retrieved february 8 2020 burgess colin 2013 freedom 7 the historic flight of alan b shepard jr springer science business media p 147 isbn 978 3 319 01156 1 macgregor jody july 29 2018 major events in the fallout timeline pc gamer retrieved may 5 2021 results of the first u s manned suborbital space flight pdf report nasa june 6 1961 retrieved may 14 2023 hammack 1961 pp 73 77 1 2 cassidy j l johnson r i leveye j c miller f e december 1 1964 the mercury redstone project pdf report nasa retrieved april 3 2024 bibliography edit grimwood j m 1963 project mercury a chronology nasa hdl 2060 19630011968 html copy alexander c c grimwood j m swenson l s 1966 this new ocean a history of project mercury nasa hdl 2060 19670005605 html copy archived june 17 2010 at the wayback machine hammack jerome b ed june 16 1961 postlaunch report for mercury redstone no 3 mr 3 nasa hammack jerome b heberlig jack c october 9 1961 the mercury redstone program pdf american rocket society unknown june 6 1961 results of the first u s manned suborbital space flight pdf us nasa catchpole john 2001 project mercury nasa s first manned space programme springer praxis books isbn 1852334061 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to mercury redstone 3 presskit released by nasa to the media prior to the may 5 launch of mercury redstone 3 nasa nssdc master catalog nasa 40th anniversary of the mercury 7 alan b shepard jr nasa mercury mr3 press kit apr 26 1961 the short film project mercury freedom 7 is available for free viewing and download at the internet archive mercury redstone 3 transcripts on spacelog archived december 8 2015 at the wayback machine computer animation of full flight using soundtrack recording of dialogue between shepard and mission control on youtube v t e project mercury general nasa space task group space race space flight mercury program capsule missions crewed suborbit freedom 7 liberty bell 7 earth orbit friendship 7 aurora 7 sigma 7 faith 7 cancelled freedom 7 ii uncrewed little joe 1 big joe 1 lj 6 lj 1a lj 2 lj 1b beach abort ma 1 little joe 5 mr 1 mr 1a mr 2 ma 2 lj 5a mr bd ma 3 lj 5b ma 4 ms 1 ma 5 flown non human sam miss sam suborbit ham earth orbit enos astronauts general mercury seven in order of flight suborbit alan shepard gus grissom earth orbit john glenn scott carpenter wally schirra gordon cooper did not fly deke slayton equipment navy mark iv space suit subprograms mercury atlas mercury redstone mercury scout mercury jupiter canceled contractors mcdonnell aircraft corporation spacecraft convair atlas rocket chrysler redstone rocket north american aviation little joe rocket rockets atlas redstone redstone test stand blue scout ii little joe jupiter proposed launch sites and control center wallops island wallops flight facility cape canaveral air force station launch complex 5 cape canaveral air force station launch complex 14 mercury control center related programs us gemini successor program apollo lunar program soviet vostok rival in space race related manned space flight network mercury spacesuit astronaut wives club mercury 13 non nasa project inspired by project mercury v t e nasa policy and history history creation naca 1915 national aeronautics and space act 1958 space task group 1958 paine 1986 rogers 1986 ride 1987 space exploration initiative 1989 augusti...