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s he became the most steadfast friend of the whites until his death of pneumonia or smallpox cadete also known as cadette volunteer in apache gian na tah always ready 24 also known as zhee es not son zhee ah nat tsa a son and successor of barranquito after santana he was the most prominent and powerful chief of the sierra blanca mescalero band was more diplomatic than santana and was a spokesman for the northern mescalero bands after the outbreak from bosque redondo on november 3 1863 he had fled with his band toward the staked plains trading stolen cattle and horses from mexico directly or via the comanchero to comanche he was murdered in 1872 while on a peace mission and returning from tularosa roman grande a son and successor of barranquito serving as chief of a local group of the sierra blanca mescalero band less important than santana and cadete he followed the lead of his brother santana died during an epidemic in 1885 josecito also known as josé cito after barranquito and santana the most prominent leader of some local groups of the sierra blanca mescalero band in april 1852 he signed a treaty with calhoun representing the us together with the minor leader of another group of the sierra blanca mescalero and chacon leader of the jicarilla apache san juan chief of the nii t ahéńde sacramento mountains mescaleros band his band ranged along the rio bonito rio hondo and in the capitan mountains with the sacramento mountains the area where fort stanton was built had alliances with eastern mescalero bands lipan apache bands as well as some comanche bands after santana and cadete were gone chief san juan and nautzili took over the leadership of the mescaleros on the reservation but unlike nautzili san juan left the reservation in spring 1880 after caballero s outbreak during victorio s war his son peso would become the last mescalero chief caballero ca bal le so eventually to be identified with kutbhalla or kutu hala war chief and later principal chief of the nii t ahéńde sacramento mountains mescaleros local groups of the sacramento mountains during the decades 1860s and 1870s likely married to a daughter of the chihenne chief mangas coloradas close ally and long time friend of the great mimbreño chief victorio and likely his brother in law as mangas coloradas son in law in march 1880 he left tularosa and joined victorio fighting along with him in their last battles but according to some reports he was killed in a trouble between the chiefs before the tres castillos massacre on oct 14 1880 peso ca 1849 1929 was born in the guadalupe mountains near present day carlsbad as son of chief san juan and his wife nagoo nah go his nii t ahéńde or maybe tséichíńde guadalupe mountains mescaleros band joined nautzili s band of guhlkahéndé on the southern plains from time to time he also joined the tu sis nde band of lipan apaches of southeastern texas and northeastern mexico under chief magoosh he was an expert tracker and served as apache scout in the campaigns against geronimo in the late 1800s he together with his brother sin miedo sans peur without fear and magoosh were the three primary leaders on the reservation magoosh for the lipans at elk springs sin miedo at tule canyon and peso representing the rinconada and the three rivers sin miedo without fear sans peur brother of chief peso and son of chief san juan his nii t ahéńde or maybe tséichíńde guadalupe mountains mescaleros band were close allies of the eastern mescalero band named gułgahéńde on the southern plains and of the túsis nde band of lipan apaches of southeastern texas and northeastern mexico together with his brothers peso crook neck and leaders as shanta boy and big mouth he served as apache scout in the campaign against geronimo the war leader and shaman of the bedonkohe band of the ndendhe apaches he together with his brother peso and magoosh were the three primary leaders on the reservation magoosh for the lipans at elk springs peso representing the rinconada and the three rivers and sin miedo at tule canyon muchacho negro black boy born ca 1860 died 1930 important local group leader and war chief joined the chihenne chief victorio because of taking part in victorio s war he was transferred to fort union where he was to be imprisoned but he escaped early in august 1882 muchacho negro was considered a renegade who would return to his people and continue to cause trouble he was captured in june 1883 and imprisoned at fort sill indian territory 25 gorgonio medicine man aide to old barranquito and later to santana southern mescalero carnoviste chief of tsehitcihéndé guadalupe mountains mescaleros or maybe tsebekinéndé aguas nuevas apaches or limpia mescaleros his band lived in the big bend country ranged on both sides of the rio grande from the guadalupe mountains towards east of the limpia mountains also known as davis mountains onto the edge of the southern plains was reported to have committed frequent depredations on the san antonio road and to have kidnapped hermann soon adopted in the tribe and willie lehmann near fort mason in may 1870 in 1874 he promoted a council of mescalero mimbreño and lipan apache chiefs and victorio succeeded in persuading the council to send peace messengers to the comanches and kiowas he was killed by a medicine man of his band in the spring 1876 gómez also known as chief gómez or juan gómez or by the apache negoyani old man of wisdom chief of the 1840s 1860s who led a large tsebekinéndé aguas nuevas apaches or limpia mescaleros band of five local groups with about 400 warriors his band lived in the big bend country and the trans pecos on both sides of the rio grande his stronghold was in the limpia mountains later named davis mountains when the governor of chihuahua ángel trías álvarez offered 1000 pesos for his scalp gómez offered an equal amount for any mexican or american scalp the glanton gang s quest to capture gómez on behalf of gov trías was dramatized by cormac mccarthy in his 1985 novel blood meridian gómez s lieutenants spanish segundos were cigarito chinonero or chino huero simón porode and simón manuel 26 cigarito leader of a local group in the limpia also known as davis mountains and in the lowlands of the trans pecos segundo and war chief of southern mescalero chief gómez 1840s 1860s chinonero leader of a local group in the limpia also known as davis mountains and in the lowlands of the trans pecos segundo and war chief of southern mescalero chief gómez 1840s 1860s simón porode leader of a local group in west texas segundo and war chief of southern mescalero chief gómez in 1850 he and simón manuel contacted the garrison at san elizario to sue for peace but were likely overruled by gómez 1840s 1860s simón manuel leader of a local group in west texas segundo and war chief of southern mescalero chief gómez in 1850 he and simón porode contacted the garrison at san elizario to sue for peace but were likely overruled by gómez 1840s 1860s marco also known as marcus chief of about 600 tsehitcihéndé guadalupe mountains mescaleros or maybe niit a héõde including about 200 warriors they lived in the big bend country ranged on both sides of the rio grande from the guadalupe mountains tsé íchîî toward east of the limpia mountains also known as davis mountains onto the edge of the southern plains he was reported to have led frequent raids and attacks of parties on the san antonio road and in the settlement near el paso he wished to join the sierra blanca mescalero band but their request was refused because they were considered a texas mescalero band active in the 1840s 1860s espejo looking glass chief of a large band of tsebekinéndé aguas nuevas apaches or limpia mescaleros with several local groups under his segundos or war chiefs nicolás and antonio they ranged between limpia canyon horsehead crossing on the pecos and east of the limpia also known as davis mountains onto the surrounding desert lowlands of the trans pecos in west texas from the 1840s to the late 1860s nicolás leader of a local group of the tsebekinéndé band in the limpia also known as davis mountains and east onto the edge of the southern plains segundo and war chief of southern mescalero chief espejo 1840s 1860s antonio leader of a local group of the tsebekinéndé band in the limpia also known as davis mountains and east onto the edge of the southern plains segundo and war chief of southern mescalero chief espejo 1840s 1860s mateo leader of a local group of the tsebekinéndé often called by spanish and americans aguas nuevas or norteños stayed together with verancia in the vicinity of dog canyon in the sacramento mountains and presumably followed the old ways of hunt and raid since they were considered troublesome 1840s 1860s 27 verancia said to be a son of gomez leader of a local group of the tsebekinéndé stayed together with mateo in the vicinity of dog canyon in the sacramento mountains and presumably followed the old ways of hunt and raid since they were considered troublesome 1840s 1860s alsate also known as arzate arzatti also known as pedro muzquiz ca 1820 1881 1882 last chief of the chisos apaches also chinati or rio grande apaches this band ranged in the limpia mountains or davis mountains chisos mountains and chinati mountains 28 in the big bend area the sierra del carmen of coahuila and sierra alamos in chihuahua north of the bolsón de mapimí 29 born to a mescalero woman and a member by blood of the influential muzquiz family captured with his band in 1878 at san carlos de chihuahua and deported to mexico city to be jailed in la acordada succeeded in escaping with his people in december 1879 and came back to the big bend was caught again at san carlos de chihuahua in 1880 and executed together with his segundos or war chiefs colorado and zorillo at ojinaga opposite presidio del norte texas his people were sold into slavery in mexico ca 1860 1882 30 colorado red likely avispa colorada red wasp leader of a local group of chisos or maybe lipan apaches in the border region of coahuila chihuahua and west texas segundo and war chief of the chisos mescalero chief alsate was caught and executed together with alsate and zorillo at ojinaga opposite presidio del norte texas late 1860s 1882 zorillo likely zorrillo little fox leader of a local group of chisos apaches in the border region of coahuila chihuahua and west texas segundo and war chief of the chisos mescalero chief alsate was caught and executed together with alsate and colorado at ojinaga opposite presidio del norte texas late 1860s 1882 eastern mescalero plains mescalero nautzili also known as natzili nautzile nodzilla nalt zilli or nut cilli buffalo chief of the guhlkahéndé llañeros band and southern lipan splinter groups living in northern mexico moved to reservation in 1876 in 1879 he had assumed leadership of most of the mescalero reservation bands including the lipan and persuaded many warriors not to join the tchihende chief victorio in victorio s war other notable mescalero edit gouyen ca 1857 1903 female warrior wendell chino former tribal president of the mescalero apache tribe for 43 years 31 virginia klinekole first female tribal president sara misquez former tribal president dr felicia fontenot dds the first mescalero apache dentist george aguilar actor israel vázquez boxer education edit mescalero apache schools is the tribal school see also edit lincoln national forest list of indian reservations in the united states mescalero new mexico mescalero language winnetou mescalero escarpment notes edit banks phyllis 2002 bent and mescalero home of the mescalero apache southernnewmexico com archived from the original on 2006 11 15 retrieved 2006 12 01 mescalero reservation google maps retrieved march 14 2025 mescalero lake ruidoso visitor guide 5 october 2017 retrieved march 14 2025 fishing inn of the mountain gods retrieved march 14 2025 mount lemmon ski valley national geodetic survey of sierra blanca level iii ecoregions of the continental united states pdf blm gov archived from the original pdf on 12 october 2015 retrieved 19 november 2015 miscellany feb 9 1959 time magazine february 1959 accessed 1 august 2011 obituary of virginia shanta klinekole archived 2012 03 16 at the wayback machine lagrone funeral chapel of ruidoso website accessed 1 august 2011 onsurez jessica eddie martinez elected president of mescalero apache tribe ruidoso news archived from the original on 2024 06 19 retrieved 2024 06 19 corral juan thora walsh padilla sworn in as mescalero apache tribe president alamogordo daily news archived from the original on 2024 06 25 retrieved 2024 06 19 1 2 3 4 dubois betty lou 1976 a study in educational anthropology the mescalero apache journal of american indian education 15 3 22 27 issn 0021 8731 jstor 24397581 basehart harry w 1974 mescalero apache subsistence patterns and socio political organization united states indian claims commission new york garland pub inc isbn 0824007131 oclc 868002 farrer claire r 2010 culture summary mescalero apache human relations area files stumbling toward truth anthropologists at work devita philip r 1932 prospect heights il waveland press 2000 isbn 1577661257 oclc 44602504 cite book cs1 maint others link languages of the world navajo clans archived from the original on 2014 04 15 retrieved 2012 02 19 introduction to apache sacred space archived from the original on 2019 01 26 retrieved 2019 01 25 mescalero dictionary archived from the original on 2019 01 16 retrieved 2019 01 15 non athabascan tribe names pdf archived from the original pdf on 2019 01 19 retrieved 2019 01 17 the mescalero apache tribe and mescalero apache band names pdf archived from the original pdf on 2019 01 16 retrieved 2019 01 15 perhaps an adaption from the 18th century forest lipan apache division autonym as chishį́į́hį́į́ tcici or tcicihi people of the forest or named after the former chizos indians debo p 447 8 j p dunn massacres of the mountains volume ii a history of the indian wars of the far west v ii 2001 isbn 978 1 58218 204 9 because some of the mescalero apaches were raiding off their reservation in september 1882 a short time after muchacho negro s escape troops from fort stanton were sent to round them up and capture the leaders roman chiquita hosthea horse thief and maria s boy they were captured and sent to fort union to be imprisoned because muchacho negro had escaped while being transported to fort union mackenzie directed that these prisoners be shackled with double irons and placed in charge of some one who will be responsible for their safe keeping and that every precaution be taken to prevent their escape he emphasized that they must not escape mackenzie later decided to keep hosthea at fort stanton because the indian agent wanted to file criminal charges of murder against him the others were moved to fort union when these three prisoners arrived at fort union they joined 26 other indian prisoners one man fourteen women and eleven children being de...