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slide wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 dimensions and types 3 mounting toggle mounting subsection 3 1 dry mount 3 2 wet mount or temporary mount 3 3 prepared mount or permanent mount 3 4 strewn mount 3 5 mounting media 3 5 1 examples of mounting media 3 5 1 1 aqueous 3 5 1 2 non aqueous 4 contrasting with other types meanings of mounting 5 see also 6 references toggle the table of contents microscope slide 22 languages العربية বাংলা català deutsch esperanto español فارسی français gaeilge हिन्दी bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 македонски nederlands norsk nynorsk polski português русский українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia thin flat piece of glass onto which a sample is placed to be examined under a microscope glass slide redirects here the term may also refer to photographic slides a set of standard 75 by 25 mm microscope slides the white area can be written on to label the slide a microscope slide top and a cover slip bottom a microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass typically 75 by 26 mm 3 by 1 inches and about 1 mm thick used to hold objects for examination under a microscope typically the object is mounted secured on the slide and then both are inserted together in the microscope for viewing this arrangement allows several slide mounted objects to be quickly inserted and removed from the microscope labeled transported and stored in appropriate slide cases or folders etc microscope slides are often used together with a cover slip or cover glass a smaller and thinner sheet of glass that is placed over the specimen slides are held in place on the microscope s stage by slide clips slide clamps or a cross table which is used to achieve precise remote movement of the slide upon the microscope s stage such as in an automated computer operated system or where touching the slide with fingers is inappropriate either due to the risk of contamination or lack of precision history edit a microscope slide prepared in 1855 containing reference specimens from the inner mucosa of the small intestine of a cholera victim the origin of the concept was pieces of ivory or bone containing specimens held between disks of transparent mica that would slide into the gap between the stage and the objective 1 these sliders were popular in victorian era england until the royal microscopical society introduced the standardized glass microscope slide 2 dimensions and types edit common dimensions of microscope slides in mm a standard microscope slide measures about 75 mm by 25 mm 3 by 1 and is about 1 mm thick a range of other sizes are available for various special purposes such as 75 x 50 mm for geological use 46 x 27 mm for petrographic studies and 48 x 28 mm for thin sections slides are usually made of common glass and their edges are often finely ground or polished microscope slides are usually made of optical quality glass such as soda lime glass or borosilicate glass but specialty plastics are also used fused quartz slides are often used when ultraviolet transparency is important e g in fluorescence microscopy 3 4 while plain slides are the most common there are several specialized types a concavity slide or cavity slide has one or more shallow depressions wells designed to hold slightly thicker objects and certain samples such as liquids and tissue cultures 5 slides may have rounded corners for increased safety or robustness or a cut off corner for use with a slide clamp or cross table where the slide is secured by a spring loaded curved arm contacting one corner forcing the opposing corner of the slide against a right angled arm which does not move if this system were used with a slide which did not incorporate these cut off corners the corners would chip and the slide could shatter 5 a graticule slide is marked with a grid of lines for example a 1 mm grid that allows the size of objects seen under magnification to be easily estimated and provides reference areas for counting minute objects sometimes one square of the grid will itself be subdivided into a finer grid slides for specialized applications such as hemocytometers for cell counting may have various reservoirs channels and barriers etched or ground on their upper surface 6 various permanent markings or masks may be printed sand blasted or deposited on the surface by the manufacturer usually with inert materials such as ptfe 7 a neubauer slide for cell counting microscope image of a neubauer slide s graticule being used to count cells a neubauer slide held in place on a microscope stand by a slide clamp on a cross table standard 75 x 25 mm or 3x1 and large 75 x 51 mm or 3x2 microscope slide some slides have a frosted or enamel coated area at one end for labeling with a pencil or pen 5 slides may have special coatings applied by the manufacturer e g for chemical inertness or enhanced cell adhesion the coating may have a permanent electric charge to hold thin or powdery samples common coatings include poly l lysine silanes epoxy resins 5 7 or even gold 8 mounting edit blood smears for pathological examination an example of wet mount microscope slides with prepared stained and labeled tissue specimens in a standard 20 slide folder the mounting of specimens on microscope slides is often critical for successful viewing the problem has been given much attention in the last two centuries and is a well developed area with many specialized and sometimes quite sophisticated techniques specimens are often held into place using the smaller glass cover slips the main function of the cover slip is to keep solid specimens pressed flat and liquid samples shaped into a flat layer of even thickness this is necessary because high resolution microscopes have a very narrow region within which they focus the cover glass often has several other functions it holds the specimen in place either by the weight of the cover slip or in the case of a wet mount by surface tension and protects the specimen from dust and accidental contact it protects the microscope s objective lens from contacting the specimen and vice versa in oil immersion microscopy or water immersion microscopy the cover slip prevents contact between the immersion liquid and the specimen the cover slip can be glued to the slide so as to seal off the specimen retarding dehydration and oxidation of the specimen and also preventing contamination a number of sealants are in use including commercial sealants laboratory preparations or even regular clear nail polish depending on the sample a solvent free sealant that can be used for live cell samples is valap a mixture of vaseline lanolin and paraffin in equal parts 9 microbial and cell cultures can be grown directly on the cover slip before it is placed on the slide and specimens may be permanently mounted on the slip instead of on the slide 9 cover slips are available in a range of sizes and thicknesses 10 using the wrong thickness can result in spherical aberration and a reduction in resolution and image intensity specialty objectives may be used to image specimens without coverslips or may have correction collars that permit a user to accommodate for alternative coverslip thickness 11 12 dry mount edit in a dry mount the simplest kind of mounting the object is merely placed on the slide a cover slip may be placed on top to protect the specimen and the microscope s objective and to keep the specimen still and pressed flat this mounting can be successfully used for viewing specimens like pollen feathers hairs etc it is also used to examine particles caught in transparent membrane filters e g in analysis of airborne dust wet mount or temporary mount edit in a wet mount the specimen is placed in a drop of iodine or other liquid held between the slide and the cover slip by surface tension this method is commonly used for example to view microscopic organisms that grow in pond water or other liquid media especially lakes prepared mount or permanent mount edit for pathological and biological research the specimen usually undergoes a complex histological preparation that involves fixing it to prevent decay removing any water contained in it replacing the water with paraffin cutting it into very thin sections using a microtome placing the sections on a microscope slide staining the tissue using various stains to reveal specific tissue components clearing the tissue to render it transparent and covering it with a coverslip and mounting medium strewn mount edit strewn mounting describes the production of palynological microscope slides by suspending a concentrated sample in distilled water placing the samples on a slide and allowing the water to evaporate 13 mounting media edit the mounting medium is the solution in which the specimen is embedded generally under a cover glass simple liquids like water or glycerol can be considered mounting media though the term generally refers to compounds that harden into a permanent mount popular mounting media include permount 14 and hoyer s mounting medium and an alternative glycerine jelly 15 properties of a good mounting medium include having a refractive index close to that of glass 1 518 non reactivity with the specimen stability over time without crystallizing darkening or changing refractive index solubility in the medium the specimen was prepared in either aqueous or non polar such as xylene or toluene and not causing the specimen stain to fade or leach 16 examples of mounting media edit aqueous edit popularly used in immunofluorescent cytochemistry where the fluorescence cannot be archived the temporary storage must be done in a dark moist chamber common examples are glycerol pbs 9 1 with antiquench e g any of the following 17 p phenylenediamine propyl gallate 1 4 diazabicyclo 2 2 2 octane dabco very popular ascorbic acid mowiol or gelvatol gelatin mount vectashield prolong gold cygel cygel sustain to immobilize living unfixed cells and organisms non aqueous edit slide of 60 year old holotype specimen of a flatworm lethacotyle fijiensis permanently mounted in canada balsam used when a permanent mount is required permount toluene and a polymer of a pinene b pinene dipentene b phellandrene canada balsam dpx d istrene 80 a commercial polystyrene a p lasticizer e g dibutyl phthalate and xylene dpx new with xylene but free of carcinogenic dibutyl phthalate entellan with toluene entellan new hempstead halide hoyer s medium a proprietary formulation of the traditional hoyer s medium containing 60 chloral but free of known carcinogens neo mount compatible with aliphatic neo clear but not compatible with aromatic solvents like xylene contrasting with other types meanings of mounting edit in contrast to mounting necessary for glass coverslips somewhat similar mounting can be done for bulkier specimen preservation in glass containers in museums however an entirely different type of mounting is done for sample preparation which can be for biological or nonbiological materials and is further subdivided into hot compressive and cold castable type mounting processes 18 19 though named mounting it is more akin to embedding in histology and should not be confused with the mounting described above the term mounting in other fields has numerous other meanings see also edit petri dish references edit adam george essays on the microscope 1798 connett jess 4 october 2017 the art of the invisible bristol24 7 retrieved 29 march 2018 quartz microscospe slides and cover slips from a commercial website ted pella accessed on 2010 01 23 quartz microscope slides and cover slips archived 2015 08 10 at the wayback machine catalog page from a commercial website spi supplies accessed on 2010 01 23 1 2 3 4 histology and light microscopy catalog page from a commercial website ems accessed on 2010 01 23 lentz microscopy collection retrieved 30 may 2024 1 2 microscope slides catalog page from a commercial website tekdon accessed on 2010 01 23 gold coated microscope slides and dna imaging kit catalog page from a commercial website asylum research accessed on 2011 08 31 1 2 microscopy protocols deprecated link archived 2013 04 03 at archive today teaching webpage by the moores cancer center university of california at san diego accessed on 2013 02 07 ge technical specs from a commercial website ted pella accessed on 2010 01 23 coverslip correction collars microscopy resource center olympus retrieved 4 june 2017 michael w davidson 2010 optical aberrations chapter in molecular expressions website at florida state university last edit 2006 06 15 at 02 39 pm accessed in 2010 01 12 zippi pierre a 1991 sem and light microscope mounting and specimen location technique for same specimen study of palynological strew mounts micropaleontology 37 4 407 13 bibcode 1991mipal 37 407z doi 10 2307 1485913 jstor 1485913 material safety data sheet permount mounting media pdf retrieved 29 march 2018 glycerine jelly as a substitute for hoyer s solution mountant www mobot org retrieved 29 march 2018 medical laboratory science theory and practice by ochei kolkatker p 446 fluorescence specimen mounting mounting medium and antiquench agents ucla brain research institute cold and hot mounting media molds and pressure chamber electron microscopy sciences allied high tech allied high tech products metallographic mounting equipment the wikibook school science has a page on the topic of microscope slide retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title microscope_slide oldid 1331564322 categories microscopy laboratory glassware hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata webarchive template wayback links webarchive template archiveis links this page was last edited on 7 january 2026 at 00 08 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of 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