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years 1968 to 2021 u s department of labor january 2022 schmitt john june 12 2013 minimum wage catching up to productivity center for economic and policy research between 1979 and 2012 after accounting for inflation the productivity of the average american worker increased about 85 percent over the same period the inflation adjusted wage of the median worker rose only about 6 percent and the value of the minimum wage fell 21 percent 1 2 cpi inflation calculator u s bureau of labor statistics retrieved august 21 2017 1 2 abrams rachel december 31 2014 states minimum wages rise helping millions of workers the new york times retrieved january 1 2015 the u s economy is suffering from low demand higher wages would help harvard business review february 21 2018 retrieved february 26 2018 hsu chang samuel robinson paul r december 20 2017 springer handbook of petroleum technology springer p 552 isbn 978 3 319 49347 3 for a review article that analyzes the classical keynesian and underconsumptionist approaches to wages see weintraub sidney december 1956 a macroeconomic approach to the theory of wages the american economic review 46 5 835 56 jstor 1811907 nicholson walter snyder christopher 2012 microeconomic theory basic principles and extensions 11 ed mason oh south western pp 27 154 isbn 978 1 111 52553 8 hazlitt henry 1979 economics in one lesson three rivers press isbn 0 517 54823 2 1 2 3 konczal mike covert bryce october 8 2014 the score does the minimum wage kill jobs the nation issn 0027 8378 archived from the original on december 12 2017 retrieved december 12 2017 minimum wages and employment a case study of the fast food industry in new jersey and pennsylvania pdf davidcard berkeley edu retrieved october 18 2017 1 2 12 mar 2021 a 15 minimum wage would lift millions out of poverty with limited negative effects on aggregate income morgan stanley says neumark david wascher william 2000 minimum wages and employment a case study of the fast food industry in new jersey and pennsylvania comment american economic review 90 5 1362 1396 doi 10 1257 aer 90 5 1362 1 2 3 neumark wascher 2007 minimum wages and employment foundations and trends in microeconomics epionline admin july 24 2007 majority of labor economists believe minimum wage hikes cause unemployment employment policies institute retrieved june 5 2026 stanley t d 2005 beyond publication bias journal of economic surveys 19 3 309 doi 10 1111 j 0950 0804 2005 00250 x s2cid 153607754 doucouliagos hristos stanley t d 2009 publication selection bias in minimum wage research a meta regression analysis british journal of industrial relations 47 2 406 28 doi 10 1111 j 1467 8543 2009 00723 x s2cid 153464294 schmitt john february 2013 why does the minimum wage have no discernible effect on employment pdf center for economic and policy research retrieved december 5 2013 brad plumer february 14 2013 economists disagree on whether the minimum wage kills jobs why the washington post sabia burkhauser hansen 2012 are the effects of minimum wage increases always small new evidence from a case study of new york state industrial and labor relations review burkhauser couch wittenburg 2000 who minimum wage increases bite an analysis using monthly data from the sipp and the cps south economic journal the logical floor the economist december 14 2013 stilwell victoria march 8 2014 highest minimum wage state washington beats u s in job creation bloomberg jardim ekaterina long mark c plotnick robert may 2018 minimum wage increases wages and low wage employment evidence from seattle pdf national bureau of economic research doi 10 3386 w23532 s2cid 22245787 retrieved may 4 2020 this paper evaluates the wage employment and hours effects of the first and second phase in of the seattle minimum wage ordinance which raised the minimum wage from 9 47 to as much as 11 in 2015 and to as much as 13 in 2016 using a variety of methods to analyze employment in all sectors paying below a specified real hourly wage rate we conclude that the second wage increase to 13 reduced hours worked in low wage jobs by 6 7 percent while hourly wages in such jobs increased by 3 percent consequently total payroll for such jobs decreased implying that the ordinance lowered the amount paid to workers in low wage jobs by an average of 74 per month per job in 2016 ehrenfreund max july 29 2016 why raising the minimum wage in seattle did little to help workers according to a new study the washington post archived from the original on september 17 2016 the average hourly wage for workers affected by the increase jumped from 9 96 to 11 14 but wages likely would have increased some anyway due to seattle s overall economy meanwhile although workers were earning more fewer of them had a job than would have without an increase those who did work had fewer hours than they would have without the wage hike jardim ekaterina long mark c plotnick robert october 2018 minimum wage increases and individual employment trajectories pdf national bureau of economic research doi 10 3386 w25182 s2cid 158881066 retrieved may 5 2020 using administrative employment data from the state of washington we use short duration longitudinal panels to study the impact of seattle s minimum wage ordinance on individuals employed in low wage jobs immediately before a wage increase we draw counterfactual observations using nearest neighbor matching and derive effect estimates by comparing the treated cohort to a placebo cohort drawn from earlier data we attribute significant hourly wage increases and hours reductions to the policy on net the minimum wage increase from 9 47 to as much as 13 per hour raised earnings by an average of 8 12 per week the entirety of these gains accrued to workers with above median experience at baseline less experienced workers saw no significant change to weekly pay approximately one quarter of the earnings gains can be attributed to experienced workers making up for lost hours in seattle with work outside the city limits we associate the minimum wage ordinance with an 8 reduction in job turnover rates as well as a significant reduction in the rate of new entries into the workforce zeitlin matthew july 22 2019 laboratories of democracy what seattle learned from having the highest minimum wage in the nation vox vox media retrieved may 5 2020 cengiz doruk dube arindrajit lindner attila zipperer ben 2019 the effect of minimum wages on low wage jobs evidence from the united states using a bunching estimator the quarterly journal of economics doi 10 3386 w25434 s2cid 158942640 derenoncourt ellora montialoux claire december 22 2020 minimum wages and racial inequality the quarterly journal of economics 136 1 169 228 doi 10 1093 qje qjaa031 issn 0033 5533 the earnings difference between white and black workers fell dramatically in the united states in the late 1960s and early 1970s this article shows that the expansion of the minimum wage played a critical role in this decline the 1966 fair labor standards act extended federal minimum wage coverage to agriculture restaurants nursing homes and other services that were previously uncovered and where nearly a third of black workers were employed we digitize over 1 000 hourly wage distributions from bureau of labor statistics industry wage reports and use cps microdata to investigate the effects of this reform on wages employment and racial inequality using a cross industry difference in differences design we show that earnings rose sharply for workers in the newly covered industries the impact was nearly twice as large for black workers as for white workers within treated industries the racial gap adjusted for observables fell from 25 log points prereform to 0 afterward we can rule out significant disemployment effects for black workers using a bunching design we find no aggregate effect of the reform on employment the 1967 extension of the minimum wage can explain more than 20 of the reduction in the racial earnings and income gap during the civil rights era our findings shed new light on the dynamics of labor market inequality in the united states and suggest that minimum wage policy can play a critical role in reducing racial economic disparities stigler george j 1946 the economics of minimum wage legislation the american economic review 36 3 358 365 issn 0002 8282 jstor 1801842 strobl eric walsh frank october 1 2016 monopsony minimum wages and migration labour economics 42 221 237 doi 10 1016 j labeco 2016 09 004 issn 0927 5371 thornberg christopher march 1 2025 jumping t he gun on t he fast act annual employment revisions reveal the impact of a 20 minimum wage on employment in california s fast food industry pdf pepperdine university 1 2 sternfield marc april 7 2025 california s fast food industry is shedding jobs study says ktla clemens jeffrey edwards olivia meer jonathan july 1 2025 did california s fast food minimum wage reduce employment working paper series doi 10 3386 w34033 hays gabriel july 26 2025 study shows that california s 20 minimum wage hike cost state 18 000 jobs fox business fox hodess ana september 30 2024 new study analyzes impact of california s 20 minimum wage for fast food workers institute for research on labor and employment retrieved december 23 2024 no california s 20 minimum wage for fast food workers did not create jobs reason com december 19 2024 retrieved december 23 2024 1 2 3 4 5 the effects of a minimum wage increase on employment and family income congressional budget office february 2014 retrieved november 16 2014 the effects on employment and family income of increasing the federal minimum wage congressional budget office july 8 2019 retrieved april 28 2020 federal reserve bank of chicago pdf the minimum wage restaurant prices and labor market structure august 2007 retrieved april 28 2020 renkin tobias montialoux claire siegenthaler michael october 30 2020 the pass through of minimum wages into us retail prices evidence from supermarket scanner data the review of economics and statistics 104 5 890 908 doi 10 1162 rest_a_00981 hdl 20 500 11850 448658 issn 0034 6535 s2cid 202621766 this paper estimates the pass through of minimum wage increases into the prices of us grocery and drug stores we use high frequency scanner data and leverage a large number of state level increases in minimum wages between 2001 and 2012 we find that a 10 minimum wage hike translates into a 0 36 increase in the prices of grocery products this magnitude is consistent with a full pass through of cost increases into consumer prices we show that price adjustments occur mostly in the three months following the passage of minimum wage legislation rather than after implementation suggesting that pricing of groceries is forward looking ashenfelter orley jurajda štěpán january 1 2021 wages minimum wages and price pass through the case of mcdonald s restaurants pdf retrieved february 3 2021 we use highly consistent national coverage price and wage data to provide evidence on wage increases labor saving technology introduction and price pass through by a large low wage employer facing minimum wage hikes based on 2016 2020 hourly wage rates of mcdonald s basic crew and prices of the big mac sandwich collected simultaneously from almost all us mcdonald s restaurants we find that in about 25 of instances of minimum wage increases restaurants display a tendency to keep constant their wage premium above the increasing minimum wage higher minimum wages are not associated with faster adoption of touch screen ordering and there is near full price pass through of minimum wages with little heterogeneity related to how binding minimum wage increases are for restaurants minimum wage hikes lead to increases in real wages expressed in big macs an hour of basic crew work can buy that are one fifth lower than the corresponding increases in nominal wages buchwald elisabeth january 30 2021 what minimum wage increases did to mcdonald s restaurants and their employees marketwatch they found that the higher cost of labor that results from increasing minimum wages gets passed on to consumers in the form of more expensive big macs more specifically they estimated that a 10 minimum wage increase leads to a 1 4 increase in the price of a big mac rosalsky greg february 16 2021 what mcdonald s shows about the minimum wage npr ashenfelter says the evidence from increased food prices suggests that basically all of the increase of labor costs gets passed right on to the customers but because low wage workers are also usually customers at low wage establishments this suggests that any pay raise resulting from a minimum wage increase might not be as great in reality as it looks on paper in econospeak the increase in their real wage that is their wage after accounting for the price of the stuff they buy is not as high because the cost of some of the stuff they buy such as fast food goes up too they still get a raise they just don t get as big a raise as it may seem he says in effect a minimum wage increase appears to be a redistribution of wealth from customers to low wage workers ashenfelter says he thinks of it like a kind of sales tax dangor graison january 8 2020 raising the minimum wage by 1 may prevent thousands of suicides study shows npr retrieved january 10 2020 1 2 kaufman john a salas hernández leslie k komro kelli a livingston melvin d january 3 2020 effects of increased minimum wages by unemployment rate on suicide in the usa j epidemiol community health 74 3 219 224 doi 10 1136 jech 2019 212981 issn 0143 005x pmc 7549077 pmid 31911542 s2cid 210087516 1 2 raise the minimum wage reduce crime a new white house report links higher hourly incomes to lower rates of law breaking pdf coea march 3 2017 retrieved march 3 2017 1 2 hashimoto masanori october 18 1987 the minimum wage law and youth crimes time series evidence the journal of law economics 30 2 443 64 doi 10 1086 467144 jstor 725504 s2cid 153649565 overstreet dallin july 29 2019 the effect of minimum wage on per capita income in arizona empirical analysis poverty public policy 11 1 2 156 168 doi 10 1002 pop4 249 oecd statistics stats oecd org archived from the original on june 11 2009 retrieved january 23 2018 the best economic news no one wants to talk about the atlantic october 4 2019 what s happening here rather a tight labor market and state by state minimum wage hikes have combined to push up wage growth for the poorest workers the sluggishness of overall wage growth is concealing the fact that the labor market has done wonderful things for wages at the low end characteristics of minimum wage workers 2016 bls reports u s bureau of labor statistics retrieved april 13 2019 dube arindrajit february 2017 minimum wages and the distribution of family incomes iza discussion paper no 10572 ssrn 2923658 minimum wages and the distribution of family incomes in the united states equitable growth equitable growth april 26 2017 retrieved january 25 2018 neumark sh...