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nya during muhammad ali s rule minya gained importance due to its fertile lands and its large agricultural production the importance of the city increased during the reign of ismail who owned large cotton and sugar cane plantations around minya ismail constructed a royal residence in minya and beginning with 1870 he started modernizing the city and constructed its first residential extensions in the year 1873 the ibrahimiya canal was built to provide perennial irrigation to ismail s vast lands the canal led to a noticeable development in the urban growth especially in the western areas of the city improvement of the transportation network particularly the introduction of the building of bridges across the ibrahimiya permitted developments of housing to grow haphazardly on private agricultural lands of the west suburban banks of the canal with the outbreak of the american civil war in 1861 egyptian cotton became an expensive commodity that was in high demand minya which produced large quantities of high quality cotton benefitted from this high demand for its cottons the influx of wealth created a new wealthy upper class that consisted of native land lords senior officials and merchants confident about their status the wealthy families took residence at what would become known later as the colonial part of the city the area roughly bounded by abd el al el garhy street in the south and port said street in the north there they built palaces and high end houses that were designed by italian architects who borrowed decorative features from classical and rococo architecture in addition to western type apartment houses 13 minya in c 1800 around the start of the 20th century land speculations and a general building boom marked the beginning of minya s dramatic 20th century expansion in the beginning of the century the establishment of the railway to join cairo began later the city extended east and west on the railway sides which penetrated the current city by that time great britain established a consulate in minya mainly to promote cotton trade in 1907 the ottoman bank opened a branch in the city in recognition of its increasing economic importance utilities serving mainly the new developments were introduced under long term franchises granted to foreign enterprises a courthouse in 1927 the fire department in 1931 the city council and the administration building in 1937 the wide paved streets of the modern city diverted commercial activity away from the old city hastening its deterioration 14 during the egyptian revolution of 1919 several local independence movements briefly emerged in different parts of the country such as the republic of zefta the kingdom of farskur and sultanate of mit ghamr in minya the city declared independence under the name the empire of minya led by sheikh ahmed hatata an azharite judge local notables and scholars formed a consultative council and organized a guard force of watchmen and volunteers to defend the city a printed declaration of independence was distributed in the main square although most copies were soon confiscated by british forces 15 16 the movement cut railway lines leading to minya disrupting communications supplies and newspapers from cairo in response british authorities dispatched military forces under brigadier general huddleston supported by egyptian officers when troops were ordered to fire on demonstrators many refused and violent clashes followed in which the local commander major shahin was killed reinforcements with artillery were then brought in and the british recaptured the city after heavy fighting several leaders including sheikh ahmed hatata were arrested and tried before a military court on 15 april 1919 but were later released after negotiations 17 following the revolution of 1952 the suez crisis of 1956 and the subsequent nationalization of many industries from 1957 the vast majority of the greek and armenian communities of minya left egypt this led to the beginning of the decline for the colonial district during this period the internal population movements further accentuated disparities between the two parts of the city the old city with its legacy of obsolescence and poverty and the colonial district with its modern buildings and services densities continued to increase in the old city where there were inadequate community facilities the resultant overcrowding accelerated deterioration of both infrastructure and the standing housing stock in the 1960s ard al mowled was developed as a public housing scheme to accommodate the exploding population growth of lower income residents of the old city around the beginning of the 1970s the modern district of ard sultan began to be established according to land subdivision and zoning laws because of the high land price in the area it attracted upper and middle income groups who left the deteriorating colonial city ard sultan was carved in by a number of new urban corridor streets which were complemented by a system of perpendicular and circular roads these main new axes are parallel to the nile river and bordered by freestanding buildings with heights of up to 30 metres the north south access of taha hussein street formed a new linear central area that was intended to represent modern minya archaeology edit the gnostic codex tchacos noted for containing the gospel of judas was discovered near minya during the 1970s beside three ancient books in a limestone box 18 in february 2019 fifty mummy collections wrapped in linen stone coffins or wooden sarcophagi dated back to the ptolemaic kingdom were discovered by egyptian archaeologists in the tuna el gebel site 12 of the graves in four burial chambers 9 m 30 ft deep belonged to children one of the remains was the partly uncovered skull enclosed in linen 19 20 egypt s minister of tourism and antiquities announced the discovery of the collective graves of senior officials and high clergies of the god djehuty thoth in tuna el gebel in january 2020 an archaeological mission headed by mustafa waziri reported that 20 sarcophagi and coffins of various shapes and sizes including five sarcophagi made of limestone and carved with hieroglyphic texts as well as 16 tombs and five well preserved wooden coffins were unearthed by their team 21 22 in may 2020 an egyptian spanish archaeological mission led by esther ponce uncovered a unique cemetery dating to the 26th dynasty so called the el sawi era at the site of ancient oxyrhynchus archaeologists found tombstones bronze coins small crosses and clay seals inside eight roman era tombs with domed and unmarked roofs 23 24 economy edit limestone quarry the public sector predominates in industry controlling most of the production of capital and intermediate goods among the state run industries are cement chemicals mining fertilizers and agricultural industries the private sector is active in manufacturing of consumer goods particularly in small enterprises in and around the city the principal private industries are food products furniture and metal and woodworking although rich in history tourism plays a trivial role in the economy of minya climate edit köppen geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert bwh luxor minya sohag qena and asyut have the widest difference of temperatures between days and nights of any city in egypt with almost 16 c 29 f difference the city of minya is located tightly between two ranges of about 500 m 1 600 ft mountains on both western and eastern sides and falls away from the mediterranean sea and the red sea thus giving the city a significant temperature difference between summer and winter during summertime temperatures could reach 40 c 104 f while winter in minya sees temperatures drop to below 0 c 32 f levels at night while hail or snow are extremely rare due to minya s low precipitation averages frost will occasionally form on cold winter nights the average annual rainfall in minya is 5 3 mm 0 21 in 25 climate data for minya 1991 2020 month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 30 7 87 3 33 8 92 8 41 4 106 5 45 2 113 4 48 0 118 4 47 5 117 5 43 6 110 5 44 6 112 3 43 4 110 1 42 0 107 6 37 6 99 7 31 0 87 8 48 0 118 4 mean daily maximum c f 20 3 68 5 22 1 71 8 25 6 78 1 30 6 87 1 34 7 94 5 36 8 98 2 37 0 98 6 36 9 98 4 35 4 95 7 31 4 88 5 26 0 78 8 21 4 70 5 29 9 85 7 daily mean c f 12 5 54 5 14 1 57 4 17 5 63 5 22 0 71 6 26 6 79 9 29 2 84 6 29 7 85 5 29 6 85 3 28 0 82 4 24 1 75 4 18 4 65 1 13 7 56 7 22 1 71 8 mean daily minimum c f 5 5 41 9 6 6 43 9 9 6 49 3 13 5 56 3 18 1 64 6 21 0 69 8 22 2 72 0 22 4 72 3 20 9 69 6 17 4 63 3 11 8 53 2 7 1 44 8 14 7 58 4 record low c f 3 4 25 9 0 3 31 5 1 0 33 8 4 5 40 1 9 0 48 2 14 3 57 7 16 0 60 8 16 2 61 2 13 5 56 3 10 0 50 0 3 0 37 4 0 8 30 6 3 4 25 9 average precipitation mm inches 0 68 0 03 0 75 0 03 0 83 0 03 0 03 0 00 0 14 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 01 0 18 0 01 2 82 0 12 average precipitation days 1 0 mm 0 23 0 38 0 27 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 0 08 1 08 average relative humidity 63 56 52 43 37 40 46 51 53 55 61 67 52 average dew point c f 4 1 39 4 4 0 39 2 5 7 42 3 6 9 44 4 8 5 47 3 12 1 53 8 15 2 59 4 16 4 61 5 15 0 59 0 12 5 54 5 10 1 50 2 6 2 43 2 9 7 49 5 mean monthly sunshine hours 251 5 253 4 283 8 304 2 339 1 367 2 382 0 363 3 315 9 309 4 260 9 235 7 3 666 4 source noaa humidity dew point records 1961 1990 26 27 notable people edit hoda shaarawi june 23 1879 december 12 1947 a pioneer egyptian feminist leader and nationalist taha hussein 15 november 1889 28 october 1973 a figurehead for the arab renaissance and the modernist movement in the arab world shadi abdel salam 15 march 1930 8 october 1986 egyptian film maker best known for the night of counting the years al momiaa tawhida abdel rahman 30 november 1906 10 september 1974 egyptian doctor suzanne mubarak born 28 february 1941 egypt s first lady 1981 2011 ramses younan 1913 1966 egyptian surrealist artist and thinker antonios naguib born 1935 patriarch emeritus of the coptic catholic church mahmoud abouelleil born 24 december 1935 judge and a former minister of justice of egypt ammar el sherei born 16 april 1948 famous egyptian music composer mervat amin born 24 november 1948 famous egyptian actress rafik habib born 1959 christian coptic egyptian researcher activist author and politician safaa fathy born 7 july 1958 egyptian poet essayist and documentary filmmaker akram habib born 3 july 1965 biblical scholar and social activist sister cities edit see also list of twin towns and sister cities in egypt hildesheim germany 1979 see also edit egypt portal list of cities and towns in egypt notes edit also spelled el or al menia minia or menya references edit 1 2 3 egypt governorates major cities towns population statistics maps charts weather and web information www citypopulation de retrieved 9 august 2025 al ahram issue no 43948 4 april 2007 gauthier henri 1926 dictionnaire des noms géographiques contenus dans les textes hiéroglyphiques vol 3 pp 36 37 1 2 peust carsten die toponyme vorarabischen ursprungs im modernen ägypten pdf p 65 trudy ring robert m salkin sharon la boda 1996 international dictionary of historic places london taylor francis p 123 isbn 978 1 884964 03 9 nicolas grimal 1997 a history of ancient egypt new york barnes noble books p 144 isbn 0 7607 0649 2 nicolas grimal 1997 a history of ancient egypt new york barnes noble books p 191 isbn 0 7607 0649 2 kathryn a bard steven blake shubert eds 1999 encyclopedia of the archaeology of ancient egypt new york routledge pp 169 isbn 0 415 18589 0 bagnall director of the institute for the study of the ancient world roger s 2004 egypt from alexander to the early christians an archaeological and historical guide getty publications isbn 9780892367962 vansant emily del rosario 2006 06 27 a widow s egyptian adventure authorhouse isbn 9781467812399 bagnall roger s rathbone dominic 2004 egypt from alexander to the copts an archaeological and historical guide british museum press isbn 9780714119526 ibn battuta 2009 1829 the travels of ibn battuta in the near east asia and africa translated by samuel lee new york cosimo pp 14 16 isbn 978 1 61640 262 4 a different edition of the same translation is available at https archive org details the travels of ibn battuta in the near east asia and africa 1325 1354 emad el din aly 2003 visual design guidelines for medium sized cities the case of el minya city egypt stuttgart städtebau institut universität stuttgart p 87 emad el din aly 2003 visual design guidelines for medium sized cities the case of el minya city egypt stuttgart städtebau institut universität stuttgart p 88 زفتى وفارسكور والمنيا حكاية ثلاث دول استقلّت عن مصر عام 1919 رصيف 22 رصيف 22 2019 04 28 archived from the original on 2021 12 03 retrieved 2025 08 30 مصطفى نورهان 2016 10 04 قصة مدينتين قررتا الاستقلال عن مصر سنة 1919 امبراطورية المنيا لصاحبها الشيخ حتاتة المصري لايت المصري لايت in arabic archived from the original on 2025 02 14 retrieved 2025 08 30 الرافعي عبد الرحمن ثورة 1919 تاريخ مصر القومى من 1914 إلى 1921 in arabic pp 256 257 paul foster ed sep 11 2008 8 the non canonical gospels bloomsbury isbn 9780567202826 retrieved 2022 04 03 egypt mummies new tombs found in minya bbc news 2019 02 02 retrieved 2020 09 11 tomb with 50 mummies found in egypt akipress com retrieved 2020 09 11 in photos communal tombs for high priests uncovered upper egypt ancient egypt heritage ahram online retrieved 2020 06 28 tombs of high priests discovered in upper egypt archaeology magazine www archaeology org 30 january 2020 retrieved 2020 06 28 mahmoud rasha 2020 05 26 egypt makes major archaeological discovery amid coronavirus crisis al monitor retrieved 2020 09 29 unique cemetery dating back to el sawi era discovered in egypt amid coronavirus crisis zee news 2020 05 28 retrieved 2020 09 29 m a zahran 2009 the vegetation of egypt dordrecht springer science business media b v p 180 isbn 978 1 4020 8755 4 minya climate normals 1961 1990 national oceanic and atmospheric administration archived from the original on october 3 2023 retrieved october 3 2023 port said elgamil normals 1991 2020 world meteorological organization climatological standard normals 1991 2020 national oceanic and atmospheric administration archived from the original on 1 october 2023 retrieved 1 october 2023 external links edit wikivoyage has a travel guide for minya google aerial map of minya 28 07 10 n 30 44 40 e 28 11944 n 30 74444 e 28 11944 30 74444 v t e upper egyptian cities akhmim aswan asyut beni suef edfu faiyum hurghada luxor mallawi minya safaga qena sohag v t e governorates capitals of egypt governorate capital alexandria alexandria aswan aswan asyut asyut beheira damanhur beni suef beni suef cairo cairo dakahlia mansoura damietta damietta faiyum faiyum gharbia tanta giza giza ismailia ismailia kafr el sheikh kafr el sheikh luxor luxor matrouh mersa matrouh minya minya monufia shibin el kom new valley kharga north sinai ar...