Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

and, mitochondrial, membrane, cell, mitochondria, evolution, energy, acid, calcium, transfer, genetic, contents, structure, function, organisation, distribution, origin, genetics, dysfunction, disease, history, see, also, references, external, links, outer, intermembrane, space, inner, matrix, conversion, fatty, synthesis, uptake, storage, release, of, ions, cellular, proliferation, regulation, programmed, death, innate, immunity, additional, functions, associated, er, mam, reductive, human, population, studies, alternative, code, replication, inheritance, dna, repair, diseases, relationships, to, aging, cristae, pyruvate, the, citric, cycle, o2, nadh, releasing, reactions, heat, production, phospholipid, signaling, molecular, basis, for, tethering, perspective, complete, loss,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (894), and (445), mitochondrial (299), mitochondria (248), doi (217), pmid (210), cell (167), for (128), that (103), #membrane (98), pmc (95), are (91), from (90), dna (87), with (85), cells (84), this (64), can (61), bibcode (59), 1016 (58), which (58), atp (54), mitochondrion (54), has (50), cellular (46), biology (45), journal (45), may (44), calcium (44), proteins (43), have (42), other (40), cycle (39), such (39), energy (38), between (38), also (37), inner (37), 1038 (37), mam (37), acid (36), human (36), not (35), these (35), been (35), molecular (34), into (33), nature (32), role (32), protein (31), oxidative (30), june (30), was (29), outer (29), genetic (29), matrix (28), signaling (28), metabolism (27), mtdna (27), chain (26), archived (26), function (26), 2006 (26), january (24), genome (24), complex (24), disease (24), genes (24), electron (23), evolution (23), their (23), they (23), organelles (22), structure (22), diseases (22), fatty (22), december (22), some (22), genetics (22), its (22), april (21), origin (21), aging (21), more (21), synthesis (21), transport (20), space (20), september (20), 2019 (20), repair (20), august (19), dehydrogenase (19), july (19), dysfunction (19), 2007 (19), strand (19), functions (19), all (18), respiration (18), research (18), science (18), found (18), march (18), october (17), transfer (17), related (17), associated (17), one (17), during (17), process (17), 2016 (16), retrieved (16), virus (16), life (16), citric (16), november (16), 2012 (16), article (16), 2014 (16), release (16), free (16), 2010 (16), oxygen (16), regulation (16), but (16), main (16), lipid (15), form (15), reticulum (15), 2022 (15), 2009 (15), original (15), different (15), 2023 (15), humans (15), february (15), via (15), including (15), through (15), potential (15), 113 (15), only (15), however (15), production (15), cancer (14), endoplasmic (14), 2011 (14), two (14), sciences (14), them (14), 2018 (14), respiratory (14), recombination (14), eukaryotic (14), species (14), eukaryotes (14), contains (14), when (14), than (14), enzymes (14), code (13), division (13), known (13), nucleus (13), synthase (13), intermembrane (13), acta (13), new (13), molecules (13), were (13), most (13), about (12), non (12), endosymbiotic (12), structures (12), nadh (12), phosphorylation (12), coa (12), 2015 (12), high (12), levels (12), damage (12), metabolic (12), mechanism (12), biochemistry (12), apoptosis (12), stress (12), biogenesis (12), issn (12), although (12), called (12), wikipedia (11), wayback (11), mammalian (11), reactions (11), liver (11), machine (11), processes (11), many (11), part (11), muscle (11), 1093 (11), biochimica (11), biophysica (11), bba (11), pathway (11), 235 (11), membranes (11), organelle (11), current (11), death (11), due (11), thus (11), example (11), articles (10), states (10), national (10), replication (10), cytosol (10), cytoplasm (10), system (10), pyruvate (10), cytochrome (10), isbn (10), 1002 (10), brain (10), nuclear (10), transmission (10), syndrome (10), double (10), number (10), alphaproteobacteria (10), evidence (10), fission (10), discovered (10), large (10), there (10), increases (10), addition (10), recent (10), using (9), use (9), medicine (9), links (9), rna (9), gene (9), group (9), satellite (9), acids (9), physiology (9), 978 (9), die (9), der (9), animals (9), 1007 (9), further (9), review (9), had (9), 2021 (9), 2017 (9), development (9), heart (9), 2003 (9), immune (9), 1126 (9), disorders (9), 2008 (9), without (9), divide (9), dynamics (9), single (9), within (9), fusion (9), response (9), changes (9), acetyl (9), increase (9), occur (9), shown (9), oxidation (9), because (9), those (9), toggle (8), united (8), american (8), dependent (8), organism (8), see (8), common (8), like (8), biological (8), bacteria (8), cytoskeleton (8), university (8), society (8), 2013 (8), und (8), cited (8), 1111 (8), 2020 (8), neurons (8), mutations (8), chemistry (8), pathways (8), trafficking (8), conditions (8), 1999 (8), plants (8), trends (8), studies (8), first (8), evolutionary (8), receptors (8), relationship (8), lung (8), cardiac (8), derived (8), stem (8), required (8), complexes (8), physical (8), cristae (8), tissue (8), used (8), similar (8), well (8), important (8), include (8), several (8), out (8), various (8), ability (8), critical (8), phospholipid (8), oxaloacetate (8), view (7), element (7), chromosome (7), circular (7), body (7), long (7), control (7), types (7), reports (7), organisms (7), cause (7), homeostasis (7), 2004 (7), turn (7), activity (7), proceedings (7), academy (7), what (7), 2005 (7), mediated (7), how (7), 1997 (7), inheritance (7), hdl (7), yeast (7), sequence (7), bacterial (7), wang (7), three (7), intracellular (7), receptor (7), regulate (7), tethering (7), source (7), neuronal (7), does (7), innate (7), immunity (7), glucose (7), channels (7), acp (7), lipids (7), isolated (7), hypothesis (7), 118 (7), contain (7), then (7), often (7), produced (7), rather (7), lost (7), standard (7), another (7), make (7), same (7), involved (7), across (7), contact (6), policy (6), under (6), site (6), link (6), german (6), english (6), sequences (6), coding (6), trna (6), phosphate (6), rat (6), für (6), structural (6), after (6), suggests (6), higher (6), living (6), observed (6), parkinson (6), basis (6), help (6), 1073 (6), pnas (6), embryo (6), bottleneck (6), occurs (6), animal (6), paternal (6), 1998 (6), 2000 (6), 1371 (6), plos (6), mutation (6), 1146 (6), biochemical (6), powerhouse (6), even (6), aerobic (6), ribosomes (6), hydrogenosomes (6), uptake (6), reactive (6), differentiation (6), proliferation (6), proton (6), multiple (6), molecule (6), suggested (6), history (6), lead (6), thought (6), reduced (6), present (6), base (6), enter (6), contribute (6), instead (6), low (6), while (6), population (6), components (6), identified (6), ip3r (6), ions (6), released (6), releasing (6), subsection (6), search (5), terms (5), page (5), cs1 (5), 2024 (5), move (5), events (5), model (5), ancestor (5), prion (5), ssrna (5), fungi (5), highly (5), cytoplasmic (5), golgi (5), iii (5), anaplerotic (5), malate (5), uncoupling (5), shuttle (5), scientific (5), general (5), transactions (5), archiv (5), über (5), 286 (5), sperm (5), 125 (5), since (5), each (5), kölliker (5), muscles (5), once (5), 325 (5), ovarian (5), 1967 (5), clock (5), theory (5), based (5), america (5), clinical (5), nanotubes (5), tumor (5), systems (5), genomes (5), reduction (5), content (5), smith (5), inherited (5), microscopy (5), 123 (5), modern (5), microbiology (5), typical (5), annurev (5), annual (5), parasite (5), way (5), 2001 (5), host (5), 105 (5), 1476 (5), 131 (5), responsible (5), vdac (5), junctions (5), capacity (5), phospholipids (5), jones (5), bioenergetics (5), proteome (5), somatic (5), redox (5), central (5), beta (5), tunneling (5), apoptotic (5), green (5), ros (5), activation (5), york (5), 104 (5), individual (5), channel (5), growth (5), mechanisms (5), therefore (5), developed (5), size (5), albert (5), necessary (5), resulting (5), later (5), electrons (5), availability (5), cytosolic (5), type (5), majority (5), excision (5), egg (5), mutant (5), information (5), certain (5), together (5), recently (5), codon (5), vary (5), serves (5), intrinsic (5), puffs (5), protons (5), intermediates (5), network (5), specific (5), play (5), blood (5), donate (5), mtfas (5), small (5), contents (4), additional (4), organization (4), commons (4), wikidata (4), pages (4), viral (4), plastid (4), endogenous (4), elements (4), nucleic (4), particle (4), unusual (4), external (4), intermediate (4), vesicle (4), aspartate (4), coenzyme (4), steroid (4), succinate (4), oxidase (4), international (4), tomography (4), origins (4), martin (4), 1098 (4), series (4), singh (4), chemical (4), meves (4), 183 (4), 164 (4), das (4), would (4), special (4), will (4), benda (4), 1898 (4), 1981 (4), located (4), surface (4), targeting (4), walker (4), cite (4), press (4), early (4), experimental (4), 003 (4), substrate (4), frontiers (4), bioscience (4), 021 (4), intercellular (4), breaks (4), johnston (4), elife (4), results (4), female (4), 1996 (4), 271 (4), just (4), plant (4), per (4), 1101 (4), 1978 (4), features (4), 1042 (4), loss (4), distinct (4), parasitic (4), functional (4), 1186 (4), association (4), sister (4), approaches (4), aid (4), years (4), 115 (4), csordás (4), hajnóczky (4), interface (4), 112 (4), bbamcr (4), ceca (4), coupling (4), embo (4), fluorescence (4), variability (4), reductive (4), among (4), zhang (4), hub (4), signalling (4), bone (4), inflammation (4), 157 (4), patterns (4), adenosine (4), triphosphate (4), 226 (4), makes (4), 116 (4), 2174 (4), biosynthesis (4), failure (4), mitchell (4), nowinski (4), acyl (4), close (4), mammals (4), 214 (4), conversion (4), voet (4), sites (4), cardiolipin (4), formation (4), perspective (4), inside (4), being (4), fractionation (4), significant (4), increased (4), ultimately (4), variety (4), hereditary (4), reported (4), whereas (4), repaired (4), encoded (4), where (4), leading (4), copies (4), communication (4), least (4), needs (4), tryptophan (4), alternative (4), every (4), imported (4), trnas (4), rrna (4), ratio (4), allows (4), localized (4), mros (4), mitosomes (4), any (4), iron (4), whether (4), glycolysis (4), formed (4), forming (4), portion (4), ermes (4), resident (4), implicated (4), enriched (4), electrochemical (4), generated (4), require (4), products (4), recognized (4), distribution (4), organisation (4), donations (4), effect (4), programmed (4), heat (4), brown (4), adp (4), cyt (4), major (4), amount (4), produce (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), 109 (3), table (3), text (3), available (3), wikimedia (3), inc (3), 2026 (3), containing (3), specifically (3), marked (3), 2025 (3), hela (3), nitroplast (3), mitosome (3), repeat (3), linear (3), intron (3), class (3), self (3), dsrna (3), ssdna (3), dsdna (3), reverse (3), diversity (3), junction (3), ribosome (3), endosymbionts (3), motor (3), prokaryotic (3), granule (3), pore (3), citrate (3), glycerol (3), enzyme (3), reductase (3), cryo (3), database (3), unit (3), proteomics (3), archive (3), net (3), d41586 (3), garg (3), rstb (3), 370 (3), philosophical (3), royal (3), london (3), eukaryote (3), drug (3), controlled (3), warburg (3), 1913 (3), granules (3), physiologie (3), reducing (3), 1908 (3), 1904 (3), von (3), suggest (3), status (3), ich (3), jcb (3), described (3), round (3), appear (3), 1857 (3), reviews (3), longevity (3), 020 (3), 141 (3), amyotrophic (3), lateral (3), sclerosis (3), communications (3), systematic (3), analysis (3), taylor (3), deletions (3), 171 (3), age (3), 1994 (3), uses (3), 1956 (3), radical (3), normal (3), ethical (3), novel (3), techniques (3), health (3), 139 (3), 229 (3), tang (3), recognition (3), degradation (3), 2002 (3), 197 (3), 192 (3), 1188 (3), psychiatry (3), cross (3), 402 (3), 127 (3), end (3), break (3), 017 (3), homologous (3), cultured (3), adult (3), 227 (3), 107 (3), 1155 (3), segregation (3), 249 (3), 477 (3), rare (3), zouros (3), lineages (3), 148 (3), 341 (3), developing (3), uniparental (3), moreno (3), 297 (3), pbio (3), 246 (3), codes (3), 189 (3), 156 (3), rate (3), 001 (3), selection (3), gray (3), lang (3), protists (3), 1992 (3), reaction (3), tissues (3), dynamic (3), treitli (3), vacek (3), genomics (3), towards (3), absence (3), ettema (3), eme (3), roberts (3), john (3), advances (3), lacks (3), 117 (3), times (3), 1023 (3), 255 (3), properties (3), 262 (3), branch (3), analyses (3), 101 (3), 283 (3), 377 (3), developmental (3), tcb (3), signal (3), propagation (3), intra (3), concentrations (3), autophagy (3), revealed (3), phosphatidylserine (3), 177 (3), morphology (3), 146 (3), gupta (3), 163 (3), transcription (3), cub (3), characterization (3), wiley (3), cserép (3), pósfai (3), microglia (3), monitor (3), hormones (3), therapy (3), inflammatory (3), stromal (3), acute (3), modulates (3), regulates (3), 103 (3), antiviral (3), febs (3), mavs (3), modulate (3), peptide (3), driven (3), 122 (3), 005 (3), 1097 (3), 180 (3), 011 (3), infection (3), santulli (3), essential (3), volume (3), micrographs (3), basic (3), key (3), bioactive (3), van (3), assembly (3), nobel (3), 213 (3), regulatory (3), eneuro (3), methods (3), barrel (3), much (3), autism (3), coordinated (3), siekevitz (3), 1957 (3), rates (3), anti (3), contained (3), researchers (3), term (3), coined (3), appeared (3), following (3), time (3), quality (3), determined (3), probably (3), made (3), almost (3), linked (3), particles (3), until (3), providing (3), mature (3), result (3), leads (3), transferred (3), relationships (3), caused (3), plays (3), increasing (3), concentration (3), exposure (3), 208 (3), factor (3), influence (3), others (3), both (3), 203 (3), damaged (3), little (3), produces (3), random (3), controversial (3), usually (3), relatively (3), few (3), trees (3), conventional (3), regulated (3), distributed (3), differences (3), agg (3), arginine (3), support (3), lack (3), conserved (3), location (3), pattern (3), prokaryotes (3), nucleotides (3), termed (3), weight (3), cluster (3), oxphos (3), kept (3), especially (3), simply (3), originally (3), groups (3), before (3), fermentation (3), closely (3), pseudomonadota (3), remains (3), widely (3), specialised (3), efficient (3), reduce (3), serca (3), facilitate (3), feedback (3), particular (3), affect (3), gradient (3), commonly (3), fuel (3), read (3), additionally (3), activate (3), storage (3), limited (3), adipose (3), mol (3), reacts (3), fadh (3), converted (3), here (3), porins (3), area (3), crista (3), edit (3), tools (3), languages (2), mobile (2), conduct (2), safety (2), privacy (2), foundation (2), last (2), categories (2), webarchive (2), template (2), language (2), sources (2), greek (2), deprecated (2), parameters (2), weasel (2), worded (2), phrases (2), maint (2), overridden (2), setting (2), potentially (2), dated (2), statements (2), good (2), protected (2), against (2), short (2), description (2), clonally (2), transmissible (2), helper (2), synthetic (2), jeewanu (2), bilayer (2), proteinoid (2), ribozyme (2), forms (2), apicoplast (2), leucoplast (2), gerontoplast (2), chromoplast (2), chloroplast (2), hydrogenosome (2), endosymbiosis (2), tandem (2), transpoviron (2), secondary (2), phagemid (2), fosmid (2), cosmid (2), fertility (2), plasmid (2), transposable (2), genomic (2), fungal (2), defective (2), interfering (2), avsunviroidae (2), pospiviroidae (2), viroid (2), parakaryon (2), incertae (2), sedis (2), protista (2), plantae (2), animalia (2), eukaryota (2), archaea (2), organic (2), classified (2), transcriptase (2), bio (2), comparable (2), classes (2), adhesion (2), interaction (2), extracellular (2), internal (2), flagellum (2), centrosome (2), microtubule (2), vacuole (2), lysosome (2), apparatus (2), nucleoid (2), nucleolus (2), endomembrane (2), carrier (2), permeability (2), transition (2), synthetase (2), glutamate (2), succinyl (2), isocitrate (2), carnitine (2), palmitoyltransferase (2), transporter (2), hydroxylase (2), cholesterol (2), cleavage (2), kinase (2), translocator (2), monoamine (2), ligase (2), yale (2), data (2), state (2), michigan (2), architecture (2), portal (2), company (2), 393 (2), vital (2), ncbi (2), public (2), material (2), finding (2), come (2), delivery (2), 036 (2), 207 (2), berkefeld (2), extracts (2), 154 (2), körnchen (2), expression (2), kingsbury (2), 1912 (2), anatomical (2), ernster (2), citation (2), confirmation (2), nymphaea (2), alba (2), mitochondrien (2), als (2), mikroskopische (2), anatomie (2), michaelis (2), 1900 (2), eine (2), 558 (2), 397 (2), possible (2), work (2), 1899 (2), 383 (2), invertebrates (2), dictionary (2), otherwise (2), indicate (2), granula (2), elementary (2), name (2), bioblasts (2), elementarorganismen (2), welche (2), altmann (2), 1890 (2), den (2), 1083 (2), 227s (2), frog (2), very (2), contractile (2), whole (2), interior (2), numerous (2), become (2), depicted (2), 101168 (2), mehta (2), 279 (2), dysfunctional (2), axonal (2), macleod (2), fcz009 (2), morris (2), 517 (2), over (2), 174 (2), 1089 (2), impairment (2), 1993 (2), neurochemistry (2), decline (2), skeletal (2), harman (2), 1972 (2), 147 (2), 145 (2), citeseerx (2), 300 (2), 298 (2), gerontology (2), 6465 (2), social (2), considerations (2), academies (2), eds (2), replacement (2), introduction (2), 3390 (2), learn (2), assessing (2), improving (2), 240 (2), cardiovascular (2), 008 (2), king (2), pmic (2), gomez (2), 2741 (2), 1177 (2), 1199 (2), 1136 (2), neurology (2), khiste (2), 106 (2), nanotechnology (2), dahal (2), raghavan (2), e15 (2), 223 (2), microhomology (2), joining (2), mediator (2), 1266 (2), ggs (2), oxoguanine (2), accumulation (2), causes (2), mouse (2), 216 (2), crosstalk (2), 282438 (2), 7554 (2), arxiv (2), stochastic (2), vivo (2), measurements (2), debated (2), rapid (2), eyre (2), 5449 (2), 2524 (2), 1999sci (2), 1418 (2), 266 (2), 387 (2), campbell (2), 27536 (2), annals (2), stewart (2), saavedra (2), mussel (2), mytilus (2), edulis (2), fate (2), implications (2), 313 (2), 2446172 (2), discussed (2), news (2), ubiquitin (2), kimball (2), sexual (2), fertilization (2), 019 (2), 565 (2), 296 (2), budding (2), insights (2), parallel (2), arthropod (2), editing (2), 2480644 (2), 1117 (2), barrell (2), bankier (2), drouin (2), 1979 (2), 194 (2), 282 (2), 304 (2), estimate (2), nucleotide (2), 759 (2), stoneking (2), s0092 (2), 8674 (2), 669 (2), richards (2), tree (2), wilson (2), 108 (2), evolved (2), minichromosomes (2), louse (2), pediculus (2), humanus (2), 3389 (2), lookalikes (2), burger (2), nar (2), 865 (2), protist (2), dnas (2), 1747 (2), encoding (2), vitro (2), 559 (2), 276 (2), 2309 (2), bruijn (2), 465 (2), 290 (2), copy (2), 553 (2), biophysical (2), 010 (2), novák (2), preaxostyla (2), karnkowska (2), oxymonad (2), canonical (2), evad022 (2), dinoflagellate (2), lineage (2), cryptosporidium (2), likely (2), johnson (2), micro (2), chang (2), myxozoa (2), henneguya (2), permanently (2), 128 (2), 426 (2), 1991 (2), archamoebae (2), 13028 (2), divergence (2), update (2), emelyanov (2), rickettsia (2), sagan (2), 274 (2), theoretical (2), 1080 (2), iubmb (2), martijn (2), vosseberg (2), 022 (2), rickettsiales (2), gómez (2), williamson (2), s41559 (2), ecology (2), biorxiv (2), dating (2), phylogenetic (2), show (2), s41586 (2), 557 (2), outside (2), phylogenomic (2), sar11 (2), clade (2), 5407 (2), müller (2), sici (2), bioessays (2), connection (2), margulis (2), billion (2), knowable (2), 142 (2), infections (2), hayashi (2), sigma (2), pharmacology (2), ryanodine (2), 1864 (2), 023 (2), 481 (2), chen (2), vance (2), fraction (2), pre (2), secretory (2), weissman (2), langer (2), making (2), emboj (2), elimination (2), plasma (2), subcellular (2), import (2), intimate (2), rizzuto (2), 1351 (2), bbabio (2), 015 (2), 1342 (2), vimentin (2), microtubules (2), study (2), hypotheses (2), future (2), 184 (2), neves (2), enver (2), iborra (2), extrinsic (2), logan (2), 11104 (2), mueller (2), zong (2), deng (2), altered (2), 1575 (2), 1564 (2), 281 (2), schwarcz (2), lászló (2), 111369 (2), microglial (2), purinergic (2), 367 (2), pdf (2), protect (2), specialized (2), 101255 (2), hernández (2), alvarez (2), delgado (2), cerbón (2), effects (2), ischemia (2), reperfusion (2), rats (2), difference (2), 135 (2), 132 (2), rodríguez (2), alpha (2), estrogen (2), 580 (2), hematology (2), cancers (2), cdd (2), 211 (2), sun (2), injury (2), tumorigenic (2), cmet (2), 1479 (2), 5876 (2), endothelial (2), chemoresistance (2), 4687 (2), 535 (2), stroke (2), kumar (2), mesenchymal (2), rescue (2), 640 (2), 176 (2), 178 (2), lactate (2), variants (2), onset (2), formyl (2), identification (2), 012 (2), krysko (2), immunology (2), emerging (2), 626 (2), 720490 (2), mass (2), mechanistic (2), lee (2), nerve (2), 1105 (2), induced (2), xie (2), reiken (2), 1968 (2), marks (2), roles (2), 222 (2), 206 (2), brighton (2), hunt (2), plate (2), calcification (2), demonstrated (2), localization (2), 100 (2), 155 (2), mtfasii (2), kastaniotis (2), autio (2), 118540 (2), sensing (2), vranken (2), modification (2), bbalip (2), impact (2), 242 (2), oxford (2), hot (2), temperatures (2), above (2), induces (2), intact (2), 002 (2), ucps (2), 1967natur (2), 137 (2), freeman (2), 7167 (2), 225 (2), 471 (2), fumarate (2), 569 (2), neupert (2), 863 (2), nitrite (2), anaerobic (2), rich (2), machinery (2), keilin (2), 0390 (2), 1065 (2), 337 (2), 116808 (2), 709828 (2), permeabilization (2), 210 (2), opinion (2), voltage (2), anion (2), 165 (2), 152 (2), 4314025 (2), pharmaceutical (2), design (2), temporally (2), 140 (2), neurodegenerative (2), pearson (2), references (2), could (2), explain (2), describe (2), philip (2), resolution (2), janus (2), visualize (2), led (2), second (2), shape (2), four (2), bonds (2), observations (2), represented (2), established (2), carl (2), thread (2), along (2), who (2), heinrich (2), otto (2), decreased (2), reflected (2), oocyte (2), aged (2), decrease (2), enzymatic (2), hypothesized (2), leakage (2), refined (2), vicious (2), progressive (2), equivalents (2), combination (2), consumption (2), though (2), less (2), impaired (2), reuptake (2), lower (2), diabetics (2), adenine (2), case (2), influences (2), interact (2), pathologies (2), 218 (2), diabetes (2), neurological (2), vast (2), cases (2), hence (2), kearns (2), sayre (2), melas (2), leber (2), optic (2), neuropathy (2), direct (2), reversal (2), mismatch (2), carried (2), steps (2), removal (2), filling (2), guanine (2), undergoing (2), populations (2), proportion (2), level (2), act (2), remove (2), stabilization (2), load (2), underlying (2), partitioning (2), 200 (2), take (2), integrity (2), maintaining (2), showing (2), clear (2), undergo (2), 160 (2), exceptions (2), seen (2), binary (2), relied (2), tem (2), distinguish (2), details (2), technical (2), done (2), tightly (2), differs (2), must (2), daughter (2), examples (2), consistent (2), phylum (2), slight (2), studying (2), aua (2), codons (2), 179 (2), stop (2), leucine (2), serine (2), aga (2), back (2), generation (2), region (2), 173 (2), interpreted (2), strong (2), neanderthals (2), typically (2), approximately (2), chromosomes (2), lice (2), yield (2), exact (2), introns (2), regions (2), 162 (2), mrnas (2), own (2), stranded (2), strands (2), heavy (2), light (2), separated (2), promoter (2), orih (2), downstream (2), 159 (2), completely (2), now (2), oxymonads (2), monocercomonoides (2), complete (2), presumably (2), sulfur (2), clusters (2), hydrogenase (2), includes (2), 153 (2), cox1 (2), versions (2), having (2), unicellular (2), 151 (2), popularized (2), became (2), provided (2), coded (2), marineproteo1 (2), translation (2), autogenous (2), enclosed (2), accepted (2), symbiogenesis (2), integration (2), overall (2), static (2), product (2), event (2), scaffolding (2), multiprotein (2), likewise (2), independent (2), mitofusins (2), inter (2), grp75 (2), physically (2), regulating (2), flux (2), stimulates (2), pro (2), efflux (2), given (2), pump (2), enables (2), 121 (2), integrated (2), waves (2), throughout (2), concomitant (2), buffers (2), sink (2), affinity (2), influx (2), presence (2), destination (2), rough (2), density (2), contrast (2), indicates (2), flipping (2), bilayers (2), directly (2), barrier (2), face (2), constantly (2), exchange (2), prominent (2), transduction (2), physiological (2), 114 (2), previously (2), substantially (2), around (2), universally (2), perform (2), sensitive (2), action (2), tasks (2), donated (2), maintain (2), donation (2), metabolize (2), detected (2), fat (2), trigger (2), damps (2), pathogen (2), pcd (2), synthesize (2), suggesting (2), stages (2), transiently (2), dominated (2), krebs (2), contributing (2), primarily (2), coordinate (2), stained (2), comprises (2), lipoic (2), ketoglutarate (2), temperature (2), thermogenin (2), decreases (2), leak (2), awarded (2), prize (2), reactants (2), ubiquinone (2), breaking (2), epinephrine (2), regenerated (2), cataplerotic (2), either (2), actively (2), transported (2), total (2), folds (2), five (2), impermeable (2), disruption (2), translocase (2), composition (2), fluid (2), composed (2), generate (2), compartments (2), diagram (2), song (2), band (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), menu (2), add, topic, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, legal, contacts, disclaimers, apply, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, utc, hidden, archives, incorporating, library, errors, vancouver, names, accept, markup, written, mdy, dates, indefinitely, semi, vandalism, matches, https, org, index, php, title, oldid, 1378704169, virome, nanobacterium, vector, spudcell, artificial, sulphobe, coacervate, protocell, earliest, universal, abiogenesis, organs, trophosome, bacteriome, kappa, interspersed, repeated, retrovirus, prophage, provirus, replicon, duplication, extrachromosomal, aspects, retrozyme, cryptic, virulence, degradative, col, resistance, transposon, retrotransposon, island, horizontal, mobilome, virusoid, virophage, subviral, agents, giant, dark, matter, replicating, xenobot

Text of the page (random words):
ng mitochondrial dysfunction there may be some leakage of the electrons transferred in the respiratory chain to form reactive oxygen species this was thought to result in significant oxidative stress in the mitochondria with high mutation rates of mitochondrial dna 223 hypothesized links between aging and oxidative stress are not new and were proposed in 1956 224 which was later refined into the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging 225 a vicious cycle was thought to occur as oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial dna mutations which can lead to enzymatic abnormalities and further oxidative stress a number of changes can occur to mitochondria during the aging process 226 tissues from the skeletal muscle of elderly humans 227 and from the brains of aged nonhuman primates 228 show a decrease in enzymatic activity of the proteins of the respiratory chain however mutated mtdna can only be found in about 0 2 of aged cells 229 large deletions in the mitochondrial genome have been hypothesized to lead to high levels of oxidative stress and neuronal death in parkinson s disease 230 mitochondrial dysfunction has also been shown to occur in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 231 232 since mitochondria cover a pivotal role in the ovarian function by providing atp necessary for the development from germinal vesicle to mature oocyte a decreased mitochondria function can lead to inflammation resulting in premature ovarian failure and accelerated ovarian aging the resulting dysfunction is then reflected in quantitative such as mtdna copy number and mtdna deletions qualitative such as mutations and strand breaks and oxidative damage such as dysfunctional mitochondria due to ros which are not only relevant in ovarian aging but perturb oocyte cumulus crosstalk in the ovary are linked to genetic disorders such as fragile x and can interfere with embryo selection 233 history the first observations of intracellular structures that probably represented mitochondria were published in 1857 by the physiologist albert von kolliker 234 235 richard altmann in 1890 established them as cell organelles and called them bioblasts 235 236 in 1898 carl benda coined the term mitochondria from the greek μίτος mitos thread and χονδρίον chondrion granule 237 235 238 leonor michaelis discovered that janus green can be used as a supravital stain for mitochondria in 1900 239 in 1904 friedrich meves made the first recorded observation of mitochondria in plants in cells of the white waterlily nymphaea alba 235 240 and in 1908 along with claudius regaud suggested that they contain proteins and lipids benjamin f kingsbury in 1912 first related them with cell respiration but almost exclusively based on morphological observations 241 235 in 1913 otto heinrich warburg linked respiration to particles which he had obtained from extracts of guinea pig liver and which he called grana 242 warburg and heinrich otto wieland who had also postulated a similar particle mechanism disagreed on the chemical nature of the respiration it was not until 1925 when david keilin discovered cytochromes that the respiratory chain was described 235 in 1939 experiments using minced muscle cells demonstrated that cellular respiration using one oxygen molecule can form four adenosine triphosphate atp molecules and in 1941 the concept of the phosphate bonds of atp being a form of energy in cellular metabolism was developed by fritz albert lipmann in the following years the mechanism behind cellular respiration was further elaborated although its link to the mitochondria was not known 235 the introduction of tissue fractionation by albert claude allowed mitochondria to be isolated from other cell fractions and biochemical analysis to be conducted on them alone in 1946 he concluded that cytochrome oxidase and other enzymes responsible for the respiratory chain were isolated to the mitochondria eugene kennedy and albert lehninger discovered in 1948 that mitochondria are the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes over time the fractionation method was further developed improving the quality of the mitochondria isolated and other elements of cell respiration were determined to occur in the mitochondria 235 the first high resolution electron micrographs appeared in 1952 replacing the janus green stains as the preferred way to visualize mitochondria 235 this led to a more detailed analysis of the structure of the mitochondria including confirmation that they were surrounded by a membrane it also showed a second membrane inside the mitochondria that folded up in ridges dividing up the inner chamber and that the size and shape of the mitochondria varied from cell to cell the popular term powerhouse of the cell was coined by philip siekevitz in 1957 4 243 in 1967 it was discovered that mitochondria contained ribosomes 244 in 1968 methods were developed for mapping the mitochondrial genes with the genetic and physical map of yeast mitochondrial dna completed in 1976 235 in november 2024 researchers from the united states have discovered that mitochondria divide into two distinct forms when cells are starved this could help explain and describe how cancers thrive in hostile conditions 245 see also anti mitochondrial antibodies mitochondrial metabolic rates mitochondrial permeability transition pore mitophagy nebenkern oncocyte oncocytoma paternal mtdna transmission plastid submitochondrial particle references mitochondrion lexico uk english dictionary oxford university press archived from the original on january 2 2020 campbell na williamson b heyden rj 2006 biology exploring life boston massachusetts pearson prentice hall isbn 978 0 13 250882 7 archived from the original on november 2 2014 retrieved january 6 2009 mighty mitochondria and neurodegenerative diseases science in the news february 1 2012 archived from the original on april 6 2022 retrieved april 24 2022 1 2 siekevitz p 1957 powerhouse of the cell scientific american vol 197 no 1 pp 131 140 bibcode 1957sciam 197a 131s doi 10 1038 scientificamerican0757 131 wiemerslage l lee d march 2016 quantification of mitochondrial morphology in neurites of dopaminergic neurons using multiple parameters journal of neuroscience methods 262 56 65 doi 10 1016 j jneumeth 2016 01 008 pmc 4775301 pmid 26777473 1 2 3 mcbride hm neuspiel m wasiak s july 2006 mitochondria more than just a powerhouse current biology 16 14 r551 r560 bibcode 2006cbio 16 r551m doi 10 1016 j cub 2006 06 054 pmid 16860735 valero t 2014 mitochondrial biogenesis pharmacological approaches current pharmaceutical design 20 35 5507 5509 doi 10 2174 138161282035140911142118 hdl 10454 13341 pmid 24606795 mitochondrial biogenesis is therefore defined as the process via which cells increase their individual mitochondrial mass 3 mitochondrial biogenesis occurs by growth and division of pre existing organelles and is temporally coordinated with cell cycle events 1 sanchis gomar f garcía giménez jl gómez cabrera mc pallardó fv 2014 mitochondrial biogenesis in health and disease molecular and therapeutic approaches current pharmaceutical design 20 35 5619 5633 doi 10 2174 1381612820666140306095106 pmid 24606801 mitochondrial biogenesis mb is the essential mechanism by which cells control the number of mitochondria gardner a boles rg 2005 is a mitochondrial psychiatry in the future a review curr psychiatry rev 1 3 255 271 doi 10 2174 157340005774575064 lesnefsky ej moghaddas s tandler b kerner j hoppel cl june 2001 mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac disease ischemia reperfusion aging and heart failure journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 33 6 1065 1089 doi 10 1006 jmcc 2001 1378 pmid 11444914 dorn gw vega rb kelly dp october 2015 mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in the developing and diseased heart genes development 29 19 1981 1991 doi 10 1101 gad 269894 115 pmc 4604339 pmid 26443844 1 2 griffiths kk levy rj 2017 evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism biochemical links genetic based associations and non energy related mechanisms oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2017 4314025 doi 10 1155 2017 4314025 pmc 5467355 pmid 28630658 ney pa may 2011 normal and disordered reticulocyte maturation current opinion in hematology 18 3 152 157 doi 10 1097 moh 0b013e328345213e pmc 3157046 pmid 21423015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 alberts b johnson a lewis j raff m roberts k walter p 2005 molecular biology of the cell new york garland publishing inc isbn 978 0 8153 4105 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 voet d voet jc pratt cw 2006 fundamentals of biochemistry 2nd ed john wiley and sons inc pp 547 556 isbn 978 0 471 21495 3 andersson sg karlberg o canbäck b kurland cg january 2003 on the origin of mitochondria a genomics perspective philosophical transactions of the royal society of london series b biological sciences 358 1429 165 77 discussion 177 9 doi 10 1098 rstb 2002 1193 pmc 1693097 pmid 12594925 1 2 gabaldón t october 2021 origin and early evolution of the eukaryotic cell annual review of microbiology 75 1 631 647 doi 10 1146 annurev micro 090817 062213 pmid 34343017 mitochondrion much more than an energy converter british society for cell biology archived from the original on april 4 2019 retrieved august 19 2013 blachly dyson e forte m september 2001 vdac channels iubmb life 52 3 5 113 118 doi 10 1080 15216540152845902 pmid 11798022 hoogenboom bw suda k engel a fotiadis d july 2007 the supramolecular assemblies of voltage dependent anion channels in the native membrane journal of molecular biology 370 2 246 255 bibcode 2007jmbio 370 246h doi 10 1016 j jmb 2007 04 073 pmid 17524423 zeth k june 2010 structure and evolution of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins of beta barrel topology biochimica et biophysica acta bba bioenergetics 1797 6 7 1292 1299 doi 10 1016 j bbabio 2010 04 019 pmid 20450883 1 2 herrmann jm neupert w april 2000 protein transport into mitochondria current opinion in microbiology 3 2 210 214 doi 10 1016 s1369 5274 00 00077 1 pmid 10744987 1 2 chipuk je bouchier hayes l green dr august 2006 mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during apoptosis the innocent bystander scenario cell death and differentiation 13 8 1396 1402 doi 10 1038 sj cdd 4401963 pmid 16710362 1 2 3 4 5 hayashi t rizzuto r hajnoczky g su tp february 2009 mam more than just a housekeeper trends in cell biology 19 2 81 88 doi 10 1016 j tcb 2008 12 002 pmc 2750097 pmid 19144519 schenkel lc bakovic m january 2014 formation and regulation of mitochondrial membranes international journal of cell biology 2014 709828 doi 10 1155 2014 709828 pmc 3918842 pmid 24578708 mcmillin jb dowhan w december 2002 cardiolipin and apoptosis biochimica et biophysica acta bba molecular and cell biology of lipids 1585 2 3 97 107 doi 10 1016 s1388 1981 02 00329 3 pmid 12531542 bautista js falabella m flannery pj hanna mg heales sj pope sa et al december 2022 advances in methods to analyse cardiolipin and their clinical applications trends in analytical chemistry 157 116808 doi 10 1016 j trac 2022 116808 pmc 7614147 pmid 36751553 youle rj van der bliek am august 2012 mitochondrial fission fusion and stress science 337 6098 1062 1065 bibcode 2012sci 337 1062y doi 10 1126 science 1219855 pmc 4762028 pmid 22936770 cserép c pósfai b schwarcz ad dénes á 2018 mitochondrial ultrastructure is coupled to synaptic performance at axonal release sites eneuro 5 1 eneuro 0390 17 2018 doi 10 1523 eneuro 0390 17 2018 pmc 5788698 pmid 29383328 mannella ca 2006 structure and dynamics of the mitochondrial inner membrane cristae biochimica et biophysica acta bba molecular cell research 1763 5 6 542 548 doi 10 1016 j bbamcr 2006 04 006 pmid 16730811 bogenhagen df september 2012 mitochondrial dna nucleoid structure biochimica et biophysica acta bba gene regulatory mechanisms 1819 9 10 914 920 doi 10 1016 j bbagrm 2011 11 005 pmid 22142616 rich pr december 2003 the molecular machinery of keilin s respiratory chain biochemical society transactions 31 pt 6 1095 1105 doi 10 1042 bst0311095 pmid 14641005 stoimenova m igamberdiev au gupta kj hill rd july 2007 nitrite driven anaerobic atp synthesis in barley and rice root mitochondria planta 226 2 465 474 bibcode 2007plant 226 465s doi 10 1007 s00425 007 0496 0 pmid 17333252 neupert w 1997 protein import into mitochondria annual review of biochemistry 66 863 917 doi 10 1146 annurev biochem 66 1 863 pmid 9242927 1 2 3 4 5 6 stryer l 1995 citric acid cycle in biochemistry fourth ed new york w h freeman and company pp 509 527 569 579 614 616 638 641 732 735 739 748 770 773 isbn 0 7167 2009 4 king a selak ma gottlieb e august 2006 succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase linking mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer oncogene 25 34 4675 4682 doi 10 1038 sj onc 1209594 pmid 16892081 1 2 voet d voet jg 2004 biochemistry 3rd ed new york ny wiley p 804 isbn 978 0 471 19350 0 1 2 atkins p de paula j 2006 impact on biochemistry energy conversion in biological cells physical chemistry 8th ed new york freeman pp 225 229 isbn 978 0 7167 8759 4 huang h manton kg may 2004 the role of oxidative damage in mitochondria during aging a review frontiers in bioscience 9 1 3 1100 1117 doi 10 2741 1298 pmid 14977532 mitchell p moyle j january 1967 chemiosmotic hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation nature 213 5072 137 139 bibcode 1967natur 213 137m doi 10 1038 213137a0 pmid 4291593 mitchell p june 1967 proton current flow in mitochondrial systems nature 214 5095 1327 1328 bibcode 1967natur 214 1327m doi 10 1038 2141327a0 pmid 6056845 nobel foundation chemistry 1997 archived from the original on july 8 2007 retrieved december 16 2007 1 2 mozo j emre y bouillaud f ricquier d criscuolo f november 2005 thermoregulation what role for ucps in mammals and birds bioscience reports 25 3 4 227 249 doi 10 1007 s10540 005 2887 4 pmid 16283555 chrétien d bénit p ha hh keipert s el khoury r chang yt et al january 2018 mitochondria are physiologically maintained at close to 50 c plos biology 16 1 e2003992 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 2003992 issn 1545 7885 pmc 5784887 pmid 29370167 moreno loshuertos r marco brualla j meade p soler agesta r enriquez ja fernández silva p march 2023 how hot can mitochondria be incubation at temperatures above 43 c induces the degradation of respiratory complexes and supercomplexes in intact cells and isolated mitochondria mitochondrion 69 83 94 doi 10 1016 j mito 2023 02 002 issn 1872 8278 pmid 36764502 treberg jr mailloux rj may 2026 re evaluating hot mitochondria too slow to cool acta physiologica oxford england 242 5 e70220 doi 10 1111 apha 70220 issn 1748 1716 pmc 13090137 pmid 41998837 kastaniotis aj autio kj kerätär jm monteuuis g mäkelä am nair rr et al january 2017 mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis fatty acids and mitochondrial physiology biochimica et biophysica acta bba molecular and cell biology of lipids 1862 1 39 48 doi 10 1016 j bbalip 2016 08 011 pmid 27553474 wedan rj longenecker jz nowinski sm january 2024 mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis is an emergent central regulator o...