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moldovan cyrillic alphabet wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 description 3 sample text 4 see also 5 references 6 further reading 7 external links toggle the table of contents moldovan cyrillic alphabet 19 languages العربية беларуская тарашкевіца български català español magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 한국어 latviešu македонски polski português română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english српски srpski українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia one of the writing systems for the romanian language in moldova not to be confused with romanian cyrillic alphabet this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources moldovan cyrillic alphabet news newspapers books scholar jstor june 2017 learn how and when to remove this message moldovan cyrillic script type alphabet period 1924 1932 1938 present 1 languages romanian in the moldavian ssr and other parts of the former soviet union known there as moldovan related scripts parent systems phoenician alphabet greek alphabet glagolitic script cyrillic script moldovan cyrillic sister systems romanian cyrillic alphabet this article contains phonetic transcriptions in the international phonetic alphabet ipa for an introductory guide on ipa symbols see help ipa for the distinction between and see ipa brackets and transcription delimiters a mid 19th century version of a romanian cyrillic alphabet featuring characters that are not in the modern alphabet welcome bine ați venit sign in moldovan cyrillic in tiraspol the capital of transnistria in 2012 road sign in transnistria showing differences between russian and moldovan cyrillic spellings respectively for chișinău and tiraspol the moldovan cyrillic alphabet is a cyrillic alphabet designed for the romanian language spoken in the soviet union and was in official use from 1924 to 1932 and 1938 to 1989 it is still in use today in the breakaway moldovan region of transnistria 1 history edit from the 12th to the 19th century romanian was usually written using a local variant of the cyrillic alphabet the earliest extant romanian text is a 1521 letter written in such an alphabet 2 a variant based on the reformed russian civil script was first introduced in the late 18th century and became widespread in bessarabia after its annexation to the russian empire the rest of the principality of moldavia gradually switched to a latin based alphabet adopted officially after its union with wallachia that resulted in the creation of romania 3 grammars and dictionaries published in bessarabia before 1917 both those that used the label moldovan and the few that used romanian used a version of the cyrillic alphabet with its use continuing in bessarabia even after the 1918 union in order to make the publications more accessible to peasant readers 4 the moldovan cyrillic alphabet was officially introduced in the early 1920s as part of the soviet bid to standardise the orthography of romanian in the moldavian assr this also further soviet political objectives by marking a clear distinction from the latin based romanian orthography introduced in romania in the 1860s as was the case with other cyrillic based languages in the soviet union such as russian ukrainian or belarusian obsolete and redundant characters were dropped in an effort to simplify the orthography and boost literacy cyrillic was briefly abandoned for a latin based moldovan alphabet in the moldovan version of the alphabet compared to the romanian version the letter â â was missing during the union wide latinisation campaign in 1932 5 cyrillic returned to the official orthography for moldovan through a 1938 declaration by the central executive committee of the moldavian autonomous soviet socialist republic now with an orthography more similar to standard russian following the soviet occupation of bessarabia and northern bukovina it was established as the official alphabet of the moldavian soviet socialist republic until 1989 when a law returned to the standard latin based romanian alphabet citation needed there were several requests to switch back to the latin alphabet which was seen more suitable for the romance core of the language in the moldavian ssr in 1965 the demands of the 3rd congress of writers of soviet moldavia were rejected by the leadership of the communist party the replacement being deemed contrary to the interests of the moldavian people and not reflecting its aspirations and hopes 6 when the republic of moldova declared independence from the soviet union in 1991 it returned to a latin script as the official orthography for the moldovan language however the breakaway transnistra region has retained the moldovan cyrillic alphabet as their official alphabet 1 moldovan cyrillic spellings are still used in the media and in governmental publications in the republic of moldova for the names of settlements when writing in russian as opposed to using their russian forms e g кишинэу is used in place of кишинёв for the name of the city of chișinău 7 description edit all but one of the letters of this alphabet can be found in the modern russian alphabet with the exception being the zhe with breve ӂ ӂ u 04c1 u 04c2 1 the russian letters ё щ and ъ are absent from the moldovan cyrillic alphabet and the former two are usually substituted with corresponding clusters ьо and шт respectively the following chart shows the moldovan cyrillic alphabet compared with the romanian latin alphabet currently in use ipa values are given for the post 1957 literary standard cyrillic letter equates to latin letter name as employed in this context ipa example а а a а a a apă апэ б б b бе be b burtă буртэ в в v ве ve v verde верде г г g gh ге ghe gh used before i or e elsewhere g ɡ gheață гяцэ gât гыт д д d де de d dinte динте е е e ie е e ье ie ie after a vowel or if it alternates with ia elsewhere e e je ʲe muiere муере pietre пьетре ж ж j же je ʒ a înjunghia а ынжунгия ӂ ӂ g ge gi ӂе ge g before i and e ge before a gi elsewhere dʒ fulgerele фулӂереле з з z зе ze z ziua зиуа и и i ii citation needed и i ii used at end of word i elsewhere i codrii кодрий й й i и скурт i scurt before and after vowels j maioneză майонезэ carte de căpătâi карте де кэпэтый к к c ch ка ca ch before i and e c elsewhere k chirilice кириличе câine кыне л л l ле le l limba лимба м м m ме me m moldovenească молдовеняскэ н н n не ne n sânge сынӂе о о o о o o ou оу п п p пе pe p pană панэ р р r ре re r roșu рошу с с s се se s soare соаре т т t те te t vânt вынт у у u у u u unu уну ф ф f фе fe f frunză фрунзэ х х h ха ha h harță харцэ ц ц ț це țe ts ține цине ч ч c ce ci че ce c before i and e ce before a ci elsewhere tʃ ce че ш ш ș ше șe ʃ și ши ы ы â î ы î â and î ɨ română ромынэ înțelegere ынцелеӂере ь ь i семнул моале semnul moale at end of word usually ʲ i e palatalization of preceding consonant dubious discuss ochi окь э э ă э ă ə mână мынэ ю ю iu ю iu ju ʲu iulie юлие я я ea ia я ia ea after a consonant or е ia elsewhere ja ʲa ceață чяцэ piatră пятрэ sample text edit this text is from mihai eminescu s luceafărul latin script moldovan cyrillic script privea în zare cum pe mări răsare și străluce pe mișcătoarele cărări corăbii negre duce привя ын заре кум пе мэрь рэсаре ши стрэлуче пе мишкэтоареле кэрэрь корэбий негре дуче see also edit moldova portal languages portal romanian alphabet romanian cyrillic alphabet romanian transitional alphabet ӂ references edit 1 2 3 4 koch christian 2021 language identity through cyrillic script in haralambous yannis ed grapholinguistics in the 21st century grafematik june 15 19 2020 proceedings pdf brest fluxus éditions isbn 9782957054978 retrieved 6 november 2025 iliev ivan g 2013 short history of the cyrillic alphabet pdf international journal of russian studies 2 2 issn 2158 7051 retrieved 6 november 2025 deletant denis 1991 slavonic letters in moldova wallachia and transylvania from the tenth to the seventeenth centuries bucharest enciclopedicӑ king charles 1999 the ambivalence of authenticity or how the moldovan language was made slavic review 58 1 117 142 doi 10 2307 2672992 jstor 2672992 s2cid 147578687 исаев м и 1979 языковое строительство в ссср процессы создания письменностей народов ссср language construction in the ussr processes of creation of written languages of the peoples of the ussr moscow наука p 318 michael bruchis january 1984 the language policy of the cpsu and the linguistic situation in soviet moldavia soviet studies 36 1 118 119 кишинев или кишинэу кто прав в споре о названиях городов молдовы kishinev or chișinău who is right in the dispute over the names of moldovan cities newsmaker in russian august 22 2017 archived from the original on february 12 2023 retrieved september 27 2022 further reading edit king charles 2000 the moldovans romania russia and the politics of culture hoover institution press isbn 0 8179 9792 x chinn jeffrey 1993 the politics of language in moldova pdf demokratizatsya 2 2 309 315 retrieved august 22 2011 external links edit moldovan cyrillic alphabet example text and comparison with latin script moldovan cyrillic молдовеняскэ keyboard layout for windows v t e cyrillic script italics indicate that the language no longer uses cyrillic cyrillic alphabets early abaza abkhaz albanian aleut avar azerbaijani balochi bashkir belarusian bosnian bulgarian buryat chechen crimean tatar dargwa dungan even evenki gagauz ingush interslavic kalmyk karakalpak karelian kazakh khakas kildin sámi komi kurdish kyrgyz lezgin macedonian mansi mongolian montenegrin mordvinic nivkh nogai polish ossetian pannonian rusyn parya romani romanian transitional moldovan russian rusyn serbian tat judeo tat tatar tajik tlingit turkmen udege udmurt ukrainian uyghur uzbek yakut siberian yupik chaplino dialect naukan yupik cyrillization of arabic chinese french german greek japanese korean lithuanian manchu polish letters of the cyrillic script primary letters аа бб вв гг дд ее жж зз ии іі йй кк лл мм нн оо пп рр сс тт уу фф хх цц чч шш щщ ъъ ыы ьь ээ юю яя other slavic letters а̂а̂ а̄а̄ ӑӑ ӓӓ ѓѓ ґґ ђђ е̂е̂ е̄е̄ ёё єє з́з́ ѕѕ її ꙇꙇ и̂и̂ ӣӣ ӥӥ јј љљ њњ о̂о̂ о̄о̄ ӧӧ с́с́ ќќ ћћ у̂у̂ ӯӯ ўў ӱӱ џџ ꙏꙏ non slavic letters а̊а̊ а̃а̃ ӓ̄ӓ̄ ӕӕ әә ә̃ә̃ ӛӛ в̌в̌ ԝԝ ҕҕ ғғ ӻӻ ғ̌ғ̌ ӷӷ г̡г̡ д̌д̌ д̆д̆ ӗӗ е̃е̃ ё̄ё̄ є̈є̈ ԑԑ җҗ ӝӝ ӂӂ ҙҙ ӟӟ з̌з̌ ӡӡ и̃и̃ ҋҋ ққ ӄӄ ҡҡ ҟҟ ҝҝ ԛԛ л́л́ ӆӆ ԯԯ ԓԓ ӎӎ ᵸ ӊӊ ԩԩ ңң ӈӈ ҥҥ о̆о̆ о̃о̃ өө ө̄ө̄ ө̆ө̆ ӫӫ ԥԥ р̌р̌ ҏҏ ҫҫ т̌т̌ ҭҭ у̃у̃ ӳӳ у̊у̊ ұұ үү х̌х̌ ҳҳ ӽӽ ӿӿ һһ ԧԧ ҵҵ ҷҷ ӵӵ ӌӌ ч̡ч̡ ҹҹ ч̣ч̣ ҽҽ ҿҿ ы̄ы̄ ӹӹ ҍҍ ҩҩ э̄э̄ ӭӭ ӭ̄ӭ̄ ю̆ю̆ ю̈ю̈ ю̄ю̄ я̆я̆ я̄я̄ ӏ archaic slavic letters а̨а̨ ꙣꙣ ꙉꙉ ꙥꙥ ꙧꙧ o variants ꙋꙋ х̾х̾ ѡѡ ѿѿ ꙡꙡ ѣѣ я̈я̈ ꙗꙗ ѥѥ ѫѫ ѧѧ ѯѯ ѱѱ ѳѳ ѵѵ ҁҁ archaic non slavic letters б̣б̣ г̧г̧ г̄г̄ г̆г̆ ԁԁ ԃԃ ꚁꚁ ꚅꚅ ԅԅ ԇԇ ꚉꚉ ԫԫ ꚃꚃ ꚕꚕ ј̵ј̵ к̀к̀ к̄к̄ к̂к̂ ԟԟ ԡԡ ԉԉ ԕԕ ԋԋ ԣԣ н̄н̄ ҧҧ ԗԗ ԍԍ ԏԏ ꚋꚋ ꚍꚍ ꚏꚏ ꚑꚑ ԭԭ ꚓꚓ ꚗꚗ ԙԙ ꙟꙟ archaic diacritics palatalization sign ҄ pokrytie ҇ titlo ҃ combinations of cyrillic letters digraphs multigraphs glagolitic script cyrillic numerals scientific transliteration of cyrillic v t e romanian language subdialects wallachia oltenia dobruja moldavia bukovina banat transylvania crișana maramureș argots and speech forms gumuțeasca totoiana dialects related languages daco romanian romanian itself aromanian megleno romanian istro romanian linguistics grammar nouns verbs numbers ă â î ș ț former d̦ ŭ lexis and vocabulary longest romanian word traditional month names profanities phonology periods of historic evolution classical latin vulgar latin common romanian old romanian re latinization modern romanian written form modern alphabet romanian transitional alphabet moldovan cyrillic alphabet romanian cyrillic alphabet romanian braille institutions and movements transylvanian school junimea romanian academy dicționarul explicativ al limbii române dicționarul limbii române dicționar moldovenesc românesc academy of sciences of moldova language contact substrata balkan sprachbund linguistic parallels with albanian slavic superstratum and adstratum influence on slavic languages speech communities romanians origin diaspora moldovans timok vlachs others moldovan language romanian language day romanian language in serbia romanian language schools in transnistria category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title moldovan_cyrillic_alphabet oldid 1379218473 categories cyrillic alphabets moldovenism controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in moldova moldovan language politics of transnistria romania soviet union relations culture of transnistria hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from june 2017 all articles needing additional references pages with plain ipa articles containing romanian language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from june 2017 cs1 uses russian language script ru cs1 russian language sources ru articles with unsourced statements from june 2011 all accuracy disputes articles with disputed statements from june 2026 this page was last edited on 8 october 2026 at 17 12 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative 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