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monarchism in iran wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 before 1979 1 2 after 1979 2 see also 3 references 4 external links toggle the table of contents monarchism in iran 5 languages العربية বাংলা فارسی português українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia political movement in post revolutionary iran the iranian imperial family at the coronation of mohammad reza pahlavi in 1967 part of a series on monarchism in iran ideologies conservatism moderate progressive liberalism autocracy conservative secular nationalism authoritarian iranian persian pahlavism secularism principles anti clericalism anti islamism anti socialism anti communism authority capitalism duty economic freedom great civilisation imperialism land reform law and order pro americanism royalism qajar dynasty pahlavi dynasty secular state westernisation history 1921 coup d état 1953 coup d état kashf e hijab pahlavi iran white revolution coronation of mohammad reza pahlavi 2 500 year persian empire celebration 2016 cyrus the great revolt 2017 2018 protests 2025 2026 protests people alam amini homayoon hoveyda amir abbas hoveyda fereydoon jafarian mansur matin daftari palavi reza i pahlavi mohammad reza pahlavi farah pahlavi reza ii sharmahd parties active azadegan organization constitutionalist party iran national council iran novin party defunct aria party constitutionalist party of iran iran e no party iran novin party justice party national union party nationalists party people s party progress party rastakhiz party organisations azadegan organisation front for the liberation of iran iran international kingdom assembly of iran savak related topics criticism of islam iranian opposition lion and sun flag modernisation theory pan iranism politics of iran iran portal politics portal v t e this article is part of a series about mohammad reza pahlavi personal dynasty family tree death and state funeral reign 1941 1979 anglo soviet invasion of iran iran crisis of 1946 nationalization of the iranian oil industry 1952 uprising 1953 coup d état savak great civilization white revolution iranian land reform coronation 2 500 year celebration of the persian empire seizure of abu musa and the greater and lesser tunbs rastakhiz party leadership 1975 algiers agreement state visits overthrow and exile 1979 1980 island of stability guadeloupe conference the shah is gone iranian revolution works and writings answer to history aryamehr quran legacy javid shah monarchism in iran national car museum of iran pahlavism pahlavi gold coins titles and honours aryamehr king of kings more titles and honours v t e the flag of iran used before the 1979 revolution featuring the lion and sun it became widely used as a symbol of iranian monarchism in the 2020s iranian monarchism persian پادشاهی خواهی در ایران is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy in iran which was abolished during the 1979 revolution iran in its various known forms beginning with the median dynasty was a monarchy or composed of multiple smaller monarchies from the 7th century bce until 1979 in the 2020s monarchy in iran was considered as one of the main currents opposing the islamic republic of iran according to surveys conducted by the gamaan institute in 2023 the tendency towards the monarchy and acceptance of reza pahlavi among different sections of iranian society especially during the mahsa amini protests had grown significantly 1 history edit see also list of monarchs of iran and history of iran before 1979 edit it first became a constitutional monarchy in 1906 under the qajar dynasty but underwent a period of autocracy during the years 1925 1941 during the rule of reza shah who after staging a coup d état that led to the founding of the pahlavi dynasty made himself the absolute ruler parliament became a rubber stamp the press was censored and the communist party and trade unions banned 2 after reza shah s abdication in 1941 the iranian national assembly was restored to power during the years 1941 to 1953 iran remained a constitutional monarchy and active parliamentary democracy with shah mohammad reza pahlavi retaining extensive legal executive powers on march 15 1951 the national assembly led by prime minister hossein ala unanimously voted to nationalize the oil industry which at the time was dominated by the anglo iranian oil company now bp in 1953 the british mi6 and american cia orchestrated a coup against mohammed mossadegh s government agents fueled rumors that the republican minded mossadegh was planning on abolishing the monarchy and declaring himself president of a new republic of iran leading to a pro monarchist backlash from the public and leading to a successful result in the coup against the prime minister the shah who had gone into exile during the coup returned to iran and named general fazlollah zahedi as the new prime minister many contemporary sources attribute the coup or counter coup entirely to the u s american cia and agents of the british mi6 who are reported to have organized and paid for it 3 these sources point to many other coups in which the cia was instrumental such as that in chile in 1973 monarchists however argue that the counter coup was in fact a popular uprising and that the foreign intelligence agencies undeniable involvement was peripheral at least some historians argue the coup could not have taken place without both cia organizing and iranian support 4 5 afterwards the era of constitutional monarchy gradually came to an end as the shah increasingly exercised his executive powers unilaterally thus leading towards the development of autocracy by the early 1970s with most political parties having been banned iran had effectively become a one party state under the royalist rastakhiz party national front leaders like karim sanjabi and moderate traditional islamic leaders like mohammad kazem shariatmadari continued to espouse a constitutional monarchy under increasing international pressure particularly from president jimmy carter of the united states the shah pushed forward major democratic reforms in the late 1970s designed to gradually restore the constitutional monarchy as it had originally been however several uprisings in 1978 and 1979 culminated in the shah who had been diagnosed with terminal cancer and had kept the fact secret leaving the country with his family to seek treatment overseas within a few weeks the shah s government had effectively collapsed and the second revolution had begun after 1979 edit the new provisional revolutionary government officially abolished the monarchy and declared iran to be a republic in april 1979 the islamic republic of iran was established under the supreme leadership of ruhollah khomeini in the months following the revolution former field marshal of the imperial armed forces bahram aryana organized a counter revolution in exile based in paris france with other military officials of the imperial armed forces and prince shahriar shafiq he established azadegan a paramilitary resistance intended to help restore the constitutional monarchy fearing a growing counter revolution prince shahriar was assassinated in paris in december 1979 by khomeinist agents which was a major setback for the monarchist resistance despite a number of successful operations which garnered international media attention in 1980 and 1981 the outbreak of war between iran and iraq officially brought any hope for counter revolution to an end in the 1990s and the decade following 2000 the shah s reputation has staged something of a revival with many iranians looking back on his era as a time when iran was more prosperous 6 7 and the government less oppressive 8 journalist afshin molavi reports even members of the uneducated poor traditionally core supporters of the revolution that overthrew the shah making remarks such as god bless the shah s soul the economy was better then and finds that books about the former shah even censored ones sell briskly while books of the rightly guided path sit idle 9 the crown prince of iran reza pahlavi himself does not publicly advocate the restoration of his dynasty instead stating that the matter is for iranians themselves to decide in a national referendum whether or not to restore the constitutional monarchy and the house of pahlavi 10 however the crown prince publicly announced his desire for western support in collapsing the current government of iran even suggesting himself as an interim leader for the new regime 11 additionally reports following the publication of an email sent by former we believe in israel director and current british mp luke akehurst reveal that british mps and peers were invited by akehurst to a 30 june 2025 meeting where the crown prince would present his plan to collapse the islamic republic of iran s government in order to establish a secular regime potentially aligned with israel 12 see also edit iranian nationalism iranian opposition kingdom assembly of iran list of royal consorts of iran pahlavism political parties in iran politics of iran republic of china nationalism secularism in iran white turks references edit گزارش نظرسنجی دربارهٔ نگرش ایرانیان به نظام های سیاسی مؤسسه گمان in persian 2023 townson duncan the new penguin dictionary of modern history 1789 1945 second edition penguin 2001 p 459 kinzer stephen all the shah s men an american coup and the roots of middle east terror stephen kinzer john wiley and sons 2003 p 5 6 210 keddie nikki r roots of revolution yale university press 1981 p 140 kinzer stephen all the shah s men an american coup and the roots of middle east terror stephen kinzer john wiley and sons 2003 p 211 molavi afshin the soul of iran norton 2005 p 74 iran report february 2 2004 sciolino elaine persian mirrors touchstone 2000 p 239 244 molavi afshin the soul of iran norton 2005 p 74 10 reza pahlavi s next revolution successor story the new republic franklin foer thursday january 3rd 2002 archived 2007 02 21 at the wayback machine ross tim june 23 2025 june 23 2025 1 39 pm cet iran s exiled crown prince says he is ready to take over from khamenei politico retrieved june 26 2025 nowroz sul june 29 2025 crown prince reza pahlavi invited to address mps with his plan for iran real media the view from below retrieved july 9 2025 external links edit azadegan v t e monarchism in asia sovereign states afghanistan armenia azerbaijan bahrain bangladesh bhutan brunei cambodia china cyprus egypt georgia india indonesia iran iraq israel japan jordan kazakhstan north korea south korea kuwait kyrgyzstan laos lebanon malaysia maldives mongolia myanmar nepal oman pakistan palestine philippines qatar russia saudi arabia singapore sri lanka syria tajikistan thailand timor leste east timor turkey turkmenistan united arab emirates uzbekistan vietnam yemen states with limited recognition abkhazia northern cyprus south ossetia taiwan dependencies and other territories british indian ocean territory christmas island cocos keeling islands hong kong macau category asia portal retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title monarchism_in_iran oldid 1366651698 categories monarchism in iran opposition to the islamic republic of iran restoration of the monarchy hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use mdy dates from july 2025 pages using sidebar person with unknown parameters articles containing persian language text cs1 persian language sources fa webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 29 july 2026 at 08 44 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents monarchism in iran 5 languages add topic