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mortuary science wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 training toggle training subsection 2 1 student reactions 2 2 risks 3 funeral homes toggle funeral homes subsection 3 1 facilities 4 see also 5 references toggle the table of contents mortuary science 1 language 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia study of deceased bodies the examples and perspectives in this article deal primarily with the united states and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject you may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate june 2011 learn how and when to remove this message mortuary science is the study of deceased bodies through mortuary work the term is most often applied to a college curriculum in the united states that prepares a student for a career as a mortician or funeral director many also study embalming to supplement their mortuary science studies some states require funeral directors to be embalmers as well history edit funeral directing occurred in ancient times most famous are the egyptians who embalmed their dead in the united states funeral directing was not generally in high esteem before the 20th century especially in comparison to physicians 1 but because many funeral directors study embalming as part of mortuary science programs they can be classified as a part of the medical field 2 funeral directors gained higher status that peaked in the 1950s but which later declined in the 1960s and 1970s many reputations were eroded as a result of high profile exposés on a few rare cases of unethical sales practices and police investigations that followed criminally negligent behavior of some morticians 1 however funeral homes remain a necessity in society training edit degree requirements differ by school and by jurisdiction in the united states those wishing to become funeral directors have other requirements that usually include two years of college coursework including studies in mortuary science one year of experience as an apprentice and a qualifying examination 3 college degrees in mortuary science can usually be earned in two to four years 3 some community and junior colleges offer two year programs while universities can offer both two or four year programs 3 the curriculum typically includes courses in anatomy physiology pathology embalming techniques restorative art and business management 3 suggested coursework or extracurricular activities include those that enhance skills in public speaking and interpersonal communication as funeral directors should be personable and skilled communicators in their work with grief stricken clients 3 more than thirty states have schools that offer mortuary science programs for example illinois mississippi new york and texas all have four schools 4 student reactions edit students of mortuary science often report feeling the pressure of odd questions and looks from other college students 5 they are frequently shunned by other students and often find that they associate only with other mortuary science students 6 regarding personal reactions mortuary science students indicate a certain level of desensitization as human bodies they work with become an impersonal interconnected system of arteries and veins 6 while students often explain that their first experiences are the most difficult they do become accustomed to the work though the various odors are considered the worst element of the job 7 risks edit mortuary science students are also subject to disease as morticians sometimes work with infectious cadavers an element of risk is inherent though considered remote if recommended precautions are followed 3 they are also subject to formaldehyde exposure during embalming procedures 8 but that is avoided with strict health regulations emotional stress can take a psychological toll on mortuary science students students report the strongest reactions when working with the bodies of children 9 the emotional and mental strains account for a high drop out rate among mortuary science students 7 funeral homes edit studies in mortuary science include business management classes as many graduates later open their own funeral homes as small businesses twenty percent of funeral business are made up of individual businesses owned by morticians 3 because of the need for funeral homes in most cities in every state many establishments thrive and competition grows 10 establishing a funeral home is not difficult in some states for degreed individuals in some cities a mortician s license may include a registration fee formal notification to the state and or a building inspection 11 facilities edit funeral home facilities usually include wake room for services and visitations preparation room for embalming and restoration merchandise display caskets and other merchandise that customers may purchase privacy room for the family office for mortician s personal and administrative use livery a garage to keep funeral coaches and other vehicles 10 funeral homes usually have staff available 24 hours a day seven days a week 3 see also edit association of american cemetery superintendents morning glory funeral home scandal national funeral directors association the american way of death by jessica mitford references edit 1 2 torres p 382 torres p 383 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 bureau directory of accredited mortuary schools in the united states cahill p 105 1 2 cahill p 106 1 2 cahill p 108 suruda et al cahill p 109 1 2 torres p 384 torres p 388 as quoting roger d blackwell bureau of labor statistics u s department of labor occupational outlook handbook 2006 07 edition funeral directors on the internet at http www bls gov oco ocos11 htm visited november 21 2007 cahill spencer e emotional capital and professional socialization the case of mortuary science social psychology quarterly vol 62 no 2 special issue qualitative contributions to social psychology jun 1999 pp 101 116 directory of mortuary schools in the united states https morticianguide com visited may 1 2015 copyright 2015 habenstein robert w and william m lamers the history of american funeral directing bulfin printers milwaukee wi 1962 suruda anthony et al cytogenic effects of formaldehyde exposure in students of mortuary science cancer epidemiology biomarkers prevention vol 2 september october 1993 pp 453 460 torres david l professionalism variation and organizational survival american sociological review vol 53 no 3 jun 1988 pp 380 394 v t e death in medicine cell death abortion necrosis avascular necrosis coagulative necrosis liquefactive necrosis gangrenous necrosis caseous necrosis fat necrosis fibrinoid necrosis temporal lobe necrosis programmed cell death aicd anoikis apoptosis autophagy intrinsic apoptosis necroptosis paraptosis parthanatos phenoptosis pseudoapoptosis pyroptosis autolysis autoschizis eschar immunogenic cell death ischemic cell death pyknosis karyorrhexis karyolysis mitotic catastrophe suicide gene accidental death autopsy brain death brainstem death clinical death doa death by natural causes death rattle dysthanasia end of life care euthanasia animal euthanasia euthanasia for mental illness involuntary euthanasia voluntary euthanasia lazarus sign lazarus syndrome medical declaration of death organ donation terminal illness unnatural death lists causes of death by rate notable deaths by year expressions related to death natural disasters people by cause of death prematurely reported obituaries preventable causes of death unusual deaths practices considered disrespectful towards deceased persons list of ways people honor the dead mortality birthday effect child mortality adult mortality excess mortality gompertz makeham law of mortality infant mortality karoshi maternal death maternal mortality in fiction memento mori micromort mortality rate ramr mortality salience perinatal mortality after death body stages pallor mortis livor mortis algor mortis rigor mortis putrefaction decomposition skeletonization fossilization preservation cryopreservation cryonics neuropreservation embalming maceration mummification plastination prosection taxidermy disposal burial natural burial sky burial ocean burial cremation dismemberment excarnation promession resomation beating heart cadaver body donation cadaveric spasm coffin birth death erection dissection gibbeting postmortem caloricity post mortem interval other aspects afterlife tukdam carrion cemetery customs crematorium eternal oblivion examination funeral grave desecration grief internet midwife doula mourning online mourning obituary reincarnation palingenesis saṃsāra resurrection underworld viewing vigil wake paranormal ghosts near death experience near death studies necromancy out of body experience reincarnation research séance legal abortion law administration capital punishment cause of death civil death coroner death qualified jury death certificate death row dying declaration inquest legal death murder necropolitics presumption of death prohibition of dying right to die suspicious death trust will fields death tech forensic pathology funeral director mortuary science necrobiology post mortem chemistry post mortem photography taphonomy biostratinomy thanatology other apparent death chinese burial money coins for the dead coup de grâce dark tourism darwin awards death and culture death anniversary death anxiety death deity personification of death dying and rising god psychopomp death camp death drive death education death from laughter death hoax death knell death march death messenger death notification death panel death poem death pose death positive movement death squad death threat death trajectory dignified death extinction festival of the dead fascination with death hierarchy of death homicide immortality last rites longevity martyr museum of death necronym necrophilia necrophobia philosophy of death predation sacrifice human suicide assisted suicide thanatosensitivity category outline retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title mortuary_science oldid 1290334250 category funeral related industry hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with limited geographic scope from june 2011 united states centric 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