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white settlers arrived in the early 1830s there were six tribes in the valley speaking different dialects and they were often at war with each other the mayacomos tribe lived in the area where calistoga was founded the callajomans were in the area near where the town of st helena now stands further south the kymus dwelt in the middle part of the valley the napa and ulcus tribes occupied part of the area where the city of napa now exists while the soscol tribe occupied the portion that now makes up the southern end of the valley many of the native peoples died during a smallpox epidemic in 1838 settlers also killed several over claims of cattle theft during the era between 1836 and 1846 when california was a province of independent mexico the following 13 ranchos were granted in napa county 14 carne humana catacula caymus chimiles entre napa huichica la jota las putas locoallomi mallacomes napa tulucay yajome george c yount was an early settler in napa county and is believed to be the first anglo saxon resident in the county in 1836 yount obtained the mexican grant rancho caymus where he built what is said to be the first log house in california soon afterward he built a sawmill and grain mill and was the first person to plant a vineyard in the county following yount s death in 1865 at age 71 the town of yountville was named in his honor following his marriage to general vallejo s niece maria guadalupe soberanes edward turner bale became a citizen of mexico and was granted rancho carne humana in the northern end of the valley bale completed building the bale grist mill a few miles north of st helena in 1846 colonel joseph b chiles a guide for one of the earliest immigrant trains to california was granted rancho catacula in 1844 the town of napa was founded on rancho entre napa by nathan coombs in 1847 following the event of the mexican american war bear flag revolt in 1846 and the mexican cession in 1848 settlers were granted deeds from the original ranchos during the 1850s through 1870s to this day a number of streets and landmarks around the valley reflect the names of these ranchos and original grantees late 19th century edit napa county was formed and became one of the original california counties when the state became part of the united states in 1850 descendants of george yount and captain edward bale played key roles in the early development of napa county yount s granddaughter elizabeth yount married thomas rutherford in 1864 the couple received as a wedding gift from george yount land in the area of the valley now known as rutherford rutherford established himself as a serious grower and producer of fine wines in the following years bale s oldest daughter lolita married the seaman louis bruck when bale died in 1848 bruck became the executor of the will for the family he was elected the first mayor of napa city when incorporated in 1872 charles krug a fellow prussian compatriot and pioneer viticulturalist at sonoma married lolita s younger sister caroline with a dowry that included land near the bale mill krug then moved north of st helena to establish the valley s first commercial winery john patchett opened the first commercial winery in the county in 1859 the vineyard and wine cellar were in an area now in the city limits of napa after working as a winemaker for patchett charles krug founded his own winery in st helena 1861 15 the county s population began to grow in the mid century as pioneers prospectors and entrepreneurs moved in and set up residence during this period settlers primarily raised cattle and farmed grain and fruit crops mineral mining also played a role in the economics of the county in 1858 the great silver rush began in napa valley and miners flocked to the eastern hills while gold was being prospected in other areas of the state in the 1850s napa county became a center for silver and quicksilver mining in the 1860s mining carried on on a large scale with quicksilver mines operating in many areas of napa county in 1866 john lawley established a toll road from calistoga over mount saint helena to lake county young vineyard in the valley with mount saint helena in the background robert louis stevenson s book the silverado squatters provides a snapshot of life and insight into some of the characters that lived around the valley during the later part of the 19th century stevenson accompanied by his new bride fanny vandegrift and her 12 year old son from a previous marriage lloyd osbourne spent the late spring and early summer of 1880 honeymooning in an abandoned bunk house at a played out mine near the summit of mount saint helena in the book stevenson s descriptive writing style documented his ventures in the area and profiled several of the early pioneers who played a role in shaping the region s commerce and society stevenson s book also brought attention to the various spas and hot springs in the county from calistoga to æetna springs in pope valley to soda springs resort a few miles east of napa tourists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries made the county their destination much the same as modern day tourists the resorts became very popular with san franciscans anxious to escape the cold and foggy weather that often plagues the city to enjoy the warmer climate napa county offered in the mid 1860s entrepreneur samuel brannan purchased land in the northern end of the valley at the foot of mount saint helena and founded calistoga he began developing it as a resort town taking advantage of or the area s numerous mineral hot springs he also founded the napa valley railroad company in 1864 to bring tourists to calistoga from san francisco ferry boats that docked in vallejo brannan s railroad venture failed and was sold at a foreclosure sale in 1869 the railroad eventually came under the ownership of southern pacific railroad late in the 19th century the veterans home of california yountville was established in yountville in 1884 by the san francisco chapter of the grand army of the republic the state of california assumed administration of the home in 1897 16 20th and 21st centuries edit napa valley grapes by the end of the 1900s farmers had planted over 500 000 fruit and nut trees in the county especially plums and pears this helped to soften the blows to the agricultural economy caused by the phylloxera infestation in the county s vineyards and upcoming prohibition that crippled the wine industry but resulted in a boom for shipping grapes to immigrant home winemakers across the country during world war ii the basalt rock company located south of the city of napa on the napa river built 3 dozen salvage rescue tugs for the united states navy 17 german prisoners of war were housed in a camp beale satellite prisoner of war camp near yountville 18 the prisoners were utilized to supplement a dwindled able bodied agricultural labor force caused by the needs of the american war effort following the war several new small and medium size businesses began operating in the county a large majority of these businesses were related to the wine industry and tourism agriculture in the county remained very diverse until late in the 20th century when wine grapes again became the primary focus while vineyards were planted on well over 90 of the agricultural land in the county by the end of the 20th century modern day farmers have recently begun exploring the possibility of raising other food crops in order to again diversify and take advantage of growing conditions 19 at 3 20 a m on august 24 2014 the area was struck by a magnitude 6 0 earthquake centered 3 7 miles 6 0 km northwest of the city of american canyon 20 21 in october 2017 parts of the county were affected by wildfires from june to july 2018 the county fire affected a small part of napa county after crossing over from yolo county 22 in october 2019 heavy smoke and unscheduled black outs by pacific gas and electric company of up to 20 000 customers affected the county due to fierce winds and threats from the kincade fire 23 geography edit rolling hills of napa valley fall in napa valley according to the u s census bureau the county has a total area of 789 square miles 2 040 km 2 of which 748 square miles 1 940 km 2 is land and 40 square miles 100 km 2 5 1 is water 24 napa is warmer in the summer than sonoma county to the west or santa barbara county a wine producing county in southern california thus the napa wineries favor varietals such as cabernet sauvignon while pinot noir and chardonnay are more the specialty of sonoma and santa barbara wineries at the north end of napa county in the mayacamas mountains lies mount saint helena the bay area s second tallest peak at 4 344 feet 1 324 m and home to robert louis stevenson state park snell valley is also situated in northern napa county the missimer wildflower preserve is within snell valley on the west side of the napa valley is hood mountain elevation 2 750 feet 840 m napa county is home to a variety of flora and fauna including numerous rare and endangered species such as tiburon indian paintbrush and contra costa goldfields adjacent counties edit lake county northwest yolo county northeast solano county east sonoma county west national protected area edit san pablo bay national wildlife refuge part rivers and creeks edit napa river milliken creek putah creek lakes marshes and reservoirs edit east napa reservoir east side reservoir fiege reservoir lake berryessa lake hennessey lake marie lake orville lake whitehead milliken reservoir napa sonoma marsh rector reservoir west napa reservoir demographics edit historical population census pop note 1850 405 1860 5 521 1 263 2 1870 7 163 29 7 1880 13 235 84 8 1890 16 411 24 0 1900 16 451 0 2 1910 19 800 20 4 1920 20 678 4 4 1930 22 897 10 7 1940 28 503 24 5 1950 46 603 63 5 1960 65 890 41 4 1970 79 140 20 1 1980 99 199 25 3 1990 110 765 11 7 2000 124 279 12 2 2010 136 484 9 8 2020 138 019 1 1 2025 est 132 949 25 3 7 u s decennial census 26 1790 1960 27 1900 1990 28 1990 2000 29 2010 30 2020 31 2020 census edit as of the 2020 census the county had a population of 138 019 the median age was 42 9 years 20 0 of residents were under the age of 18 and 20 8 of residents were 65 years of age or older for every 100 females there were 96 5 males and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 94 6 males 32 there were 49 738 households in the county of which 30 9 had children under the age of 18 living with them and 26 8 had a female householder with no spouse or partner present about 25 0 of all households were made up of individuals and 13 2 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older 32 there were 55 448 housing units of which 10 3 were vacant among occupied housing units 61 2 were owner occupied and 38 8 were renter occupied the homeowner vacancy rate was 1 2 and the rental vacancy rate was 4 7 32 the racial makeup of the county was 55 2 white 1 8 black or african american 1 4 american indian and alaska native 7 8 asian 0 3 native hawaiian and pacific islander 18 6 from some other race and 15 0 from two or more races hispanic or latino residents of any race comprised 35 4 of the population 33 85 3 of residents lived in urban areas while 14 7 lived in rural areas 34 racial and ethnic composition edit napa county california racial and ethnic composition note the us census treats hispanic latino as an ethnic category this table excludes latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category hispanics latinos may be of any race race ethnicity nh non hispanic pop 1980 35 pop 1990 36 pop 2000 37 pop 2010 30 pop 2020 31 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 white alone nh 86 373 89 453 85 932 76 967 68 909 87 07 80 76 69 14 56 39 49 93 black or african american alone nh 866 1 167 1 527 2 440 2 300 0 87 1 05 1 23 1 79 1 67 native american or alaska native alone nh 725 687 642 544 507 0 73 0 62 0 52 0 40 0 37 asian alone nh 2 095 3 391 3 641 8 986 10 520 2 11 3 06 2 93 6 58 7 62 native hawaiian or pacific islander alone nh x 38 x 39 254 313 316 0 20 0 23 0 20 0 23 0 23 other race alone nh 504 126 226 221 910 0 51 0 11 0 18 0 16 0 66 mixed race or multiracial nh x 40 x 41 2 641 3 003 5 728 x x 2 13 2 20 4 15 hispanic or latino any race 8 636 15 941 29 416 44 010 48 829 8 71 14 39 23 67 32 25 35 38 total 99 199 110 765 124 279 136 484 138 019 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 2010 census edit the 2010 united states census reported napa county had a population of 136 484 the racial makeup of napa county was 97 525 71 5 white 2 668 2 0 african american 1 058 0 8 native american 9 223 6 8 asian 372 0 3 pacific islander 20 058 14 7 from other races and 5 580 4 1 from two or more races hispanic or latino of any race were 44 010 persons 32 2 42 population reported at 2010 united states census the county total population white african american native american asian pacific islander other races two or more races hispanic or latino of any race napa county 136 484 97 525 2 668 1 058 9 223 372 20 058 5 580 44 010 incorporated city total population white african american native american asian pacific islander other races two or more races hispanic or latino of any race american canyon 19 454 7 564 1 535 142 6 396 176 2 357 1 284 5 009 calistoga 5 155 3 735 27 21 47 10 968 347 2 545 napa 76 915 57 754 486 637 1 755 144 13 256 2 883 28 923 st helena 5 814 4 525 25 35 98 9 978 144 1 914 yountville 2 933 2 623 38 30 49 0 92 101 289 census designated place total population white african american native american asian pacific islander other races two or more races hispanic or latino of any race angwin 3 051 2 124 139 22 339 5 234 188 625 deer park 1 267 1 108 13 9 51 0 61 25 147 moskowite corner 211 183 1 14 1 0 8 4 25 oakville 71 26 0 1 1 1 38 4 45 rutherford 164 123 0 0 0 0 30 11 70 silverado resort 1 095 1 010 1 1 36 4 28 15 59 other unincorporated areas total population white african american native american asian pacific islander other races two or more races hispanic or latino of any race all others not cdps combined 20 354 16 750 403 146 450 23 2 008 574 4 359 2000 census edit as of the census 43 of 2000 there were 124 279 people 45 402 households and 30 691 families residing in the county the population density was 165 inhabitants per square mile 64 km 2 there were 48 554 housing units at an average density of 64 units per square mile 25 units km 2 the racial makeup of the county in 2010 was 56 4 non hispanic white 1 8 non hispanic black or african american 0 4 native american 6 6 asian 0 2 pacific islander 0 2 from other races and 2 2 from two or more races 32 2 of the population were hispanic or latino of any race 11 9 were of german 9 7 english 8 6 irish 6 7 italian and 5 3 american ancestry according to census 2000 75 3 spoke english 19 5 spanish and 1 1 tagalog as their first language there were 45 402 households out of which 31 4 had children under the age of 18 living with them 53 2 were married couples living together 9 9 had a female h...