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nathaniel rochester computer scientist wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 education and early work 2 ibm 701 computer 3 artificial intelligence 4 later work 5 recognition 6 references 7 bibliography 8 further reading toggle the table of contents nathaniel rochester computer scientist 13 languages العربية deutsch esperanto français עברית արեւմտահայերէն italiano 日本語 한국어 português русский svenska 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia american computer scientist 1919 2001 this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources nathaniel rochester computer scientist news newspapers books scholar jstor september 2026 learn how and when to remove this message nathaniel rochester born 1919 01 14 january 14 1919 died june 8 2001 2001 06 08 aged 82 education massachusetts institute of technology b s known for ibm 701 ibm 702 ibm 700 7000 series assembler artificial intelligence awards ibm fellow 1967 computer pioneer award 1984 scientific career fields computer science workplaces mit sylvania electric products ibm nathaniel rochester january 14 1919 june 8 2001 was an american computer scientist he was the principal architect of the ibm 701 the first mass produced scientific computer and of the prototype of its first commercial version the ibm 702 he created an early assembler and helped found the field of artificial intelligence education and early work edit rochester received a b s in electrical engineering from the massachusetts institute of technology mit in 1941 he stayed at mit in the radiation laboratory for three years and then moved to sylvania electric products where he was responsible for the design and construction of radar sets and other military equipment his group built the arithmetic element for the whirlwind i computer at mit 1 ibm 701 computer edit in 1948 rochester moved to ibm where he co designed along with jerrier haddad the first mass produced scientific computer the ibm 701 he wrote an early symbolic assembler which allowed programs to be written in short readable commands rather than pure numbers or punch codes he became the chief architect of ibm s 700 series of computers 1 artificial intelligence edit in 1955 ibm organized a group to study pattern recognition information theory and switching circuit theory headed by rochester 1 among other projects the group simulated the behavior of abstract neural networks on an ibm 704 computer 2 that summer john mccarthy a young dartmouth college mathematician was also working at ibm he and marvin minsky had begun to talk seriously about the idea of intelligent machines they approached rochester and claude shannon with a proposal for a conference on the subject with the support of the two senior scientists they secured 7 000 from the rockefeller foundation to fund a conference in the summer of 1956 3 the meeting now known as the dartmouth workshop is widely considered the birth of artificial intelligence 4 rochester continued to supervise artificial intelligence projects at ibm including arthur samuel s checkers program herbert gelernter s geometry theorem prover and alex bernstein s chess program 5 in 1958 he was a visiting professor at mit where he helped mccarthy with the development of the lisp programming language 6 the artificial intelligence programs developed at ibm began to generate a great deal of publicity and were featured in articles in both scientific american and the new york times ibm shareholders began to pressure thomas j watson jr the president of ibm to explain why research dollars were being used for such frivolous matters in addition ibm s marketing people had begun to notice that customers were frightened of the idea of electronic brains and thinking machines 5 an internal report prepared around 1960 recommended that ibm end broad support for ai 6 and so the company ended its ai program and began to aggressively spread the message that computers can only do what they were told 5 later work edit in the 1960s rochester continued to work at ibm directing research in cryogenics and tunnel diode circuits by 1975 he was working at ibm cambridge research on the ibm chord keyboard 7 8 later he joined ibm s data systems division where he developed programming languages 1 recognition edit rochester was appointed an ibm fellow in 1967 the company s highest technical position in 1984 he received the computer pioneer award from the ieee computer society citation needed references edit 1 2 3 4 pigott 1995 crevier 1993 p 39 crevier 1993 pp 39 40 and see mccarthy et al 1955 crevier 1993 pp 48 50 1 2 3 crevier 1993 pp 57 58 1 2 nrc 1999 under the private sector launches the field nathaniel rochester et al december 1978 the chord keyboard ieee computer us 4 042 777 one handed keyboard and its control means bibliography edit crevier daniel 1993 ai the tumultuous search for artificial intelligence new york ny basicbooks isbn 0 465 02997 3 mccarthy john minsky marvin rochester nathan shannon claude 1955 a proposal for the dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence united states national research council 1999 developments in artificial intelligence funding a revolution government support for computing research national academy press retrieved august 30 2007 pigott diarmuid 1995 nathaniel rochester data from ieee transactions august 1964 special issure on computer languages further reading edit oral history interview with gene amdahl charles babbage institute university of minnesota minneapolis amdahl discusses his role in the design of several computers for ibm including the stretch ibm 701 701a and ibm 704 he discusses his work with nathaniel rochester and ibm s management of the design process for computers v t e artificial intelligence ai history timeline glossary lists algorithms companies institutions projects software open source proprietary concepts automated reasoning automated planning constraint satisfaction knowledge representation parameter hyperparameter loss functions regression bias variance tradeoff double descent overfitting clustering gradient descent sgd quasi newton method conjugate gradient method backpropagation attention convolution normalization batchnorm activation softmax sigmoid rectifier gating weight initialization regularization datasets augmentation prompt engineering reinforcement learning q learning sarsa imitation policy gradient diffusion latent diffusion model autoregression adversary rag uncanny valley llm post training rlhf self supervised learning reflection recursive self improvement hallucination word embedding vibe coding blended ai open source ai sovereign ai symbolic ai neuro symbolic ai situated approach actor critic algorithm applications automated theorem proving general game playing machine learning in context learning artificial neural network deep learning language model large nmt reasoning model context protocol intelligent agent ai agent artificial human companion humanity s last exam lethal autonomous weapons laws generative ai weak ai hypothetical artificial general intelligence agi artificial superintelligence asi agent2agent protocol physical ai implementations audio visual alexnet wavenet human image synthesis hwr ocr computer vision speech synthesis 15 ai elevenlabs speech recognition whisper facial recognition alphafold text to image models aurora dall e firefly flux gpt image ideogram imagen midjourney recraft stable diffusion text to video models dream machine runway gen hailuo ai kling sora seedance veo music generation riffusion suno udio world models genie oasis text list of large language models project debater ibm watson ibm watsonx decisional alphago alphazero openai five self driving car muzero action selection autogpt robot control reasoning systems deductive classifiers expert systems inference engines knowledge based systems logic programs procedural reasoning systems semantic reasoners rule based systems cognitive architectures act r soar clarion lida opencog knowledge bases conceptnet wikidata dbpedia yago people alan turing warren sturgis mcculloch walter pitts john von neumann christopher d manning claude shannon shun ichi amari kunihiko fukushima takeo kanade marvin minsky john mccarthy nathaniel rochester allen newell cliff shaw herbert a simon oliver selfridge frank rosenblatt bernard widrow joseph weizenbaum seymour papert seppo linnainmaa paul werbos geoffrey hinton john hopfield jürgen schmidhuber yann lecun yoshua bengio lotfi a zadeh stephen grossberg alex graves james goodnight andrew ng fei fei li alex krizhevsky ilya sutskever oriol vinyals quoc v le ian goodfellow demis hassabis david silver andrej karpathy ashish vaswani noam shazeer aidan gomez john schulman mustafa suleyman jan leike daniel kokotajlo françois chollet neural network architectures neural turing machine differentiable neural computer transformer vision transformer vit recurrent neural network rnn long short term memory lstm gated recurrent unit gru echo state network multilayer perceptron mlp convolutional neural network cnn residual neural network rnn highway network mamba autoencoder variational autoencoder vae generative adversarial network gan graph neural network gnn political ai cold war ai in government ai safety alignment ai takeover elections ethics of ai eu ai act nationalism precautionary principle regulation of ai us virtual politician propaganda opposition to ai data centers social and economic ai boom ai bubble ai data center ai effect ai infrastructure ai literacy ai slop ai winter anthropomorphism arms race competition environmental impact explainable ai generative engine optimization in architecture in education in fiction in healthcare psychosis in marketing in video games in visual art military applications ai warfare workplace impact category authority control databases international isni viaf fast worldcat national united states academics dblp other snac retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title nathaniel_rochester_ computer_scientist oldid 1375521630 categories 1919 births 2001 deaths american computer scientists mit school of engineering alumni ibm fellows mit radiation laboratory people hidden 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