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to any dead human body or human remains whether buried or not and shall be liable to imprisonment for two years 45 brazil edit article 212 of the brazilian penal code federal decree law no 2 848 states as follows 46 47 art 212 to abuse a cadaver or its ashes penalty detention from 1 to 3 years plus fine although sex with a corpse is not explicitly mentioned a person who has sex with a corpse may be convicted of a crime under the above article the legal asset protected by such an article is not the corpse s objective honor but the feeling of good memories respect and veneration that living people keep about the deceased person these persons are considered passive subjects of the corpse s violation germany edit in germany sexual contact with corpses may be regarded as leichenschändung desecration of corpses which is prosecutable as störung der totenruhe disturbance of the peace of the dead 48 pakistan edit until recently pakistan had no law that explicitly criminalised necrophilia offences involving abuses of dead bodies were prosecuted under general provisions such as section 297 of the pakistan penal code ppc which penalises trespass on burial sites and offering indignity to human corpses when accompanied by intent to wound religious feelings 49 in september 2024 the senate standing committee on the interior unanimously approved the pakistan penal code amendment bill 2024 spearheaded by senator samina mumtaz zehri which explicitly expanded the scope of section 377 unnatural offences to include sexual acts involving a deceased body the amendment now recognises necrophilia as a crime punishable by life imprisonment aligning pakistan s legal framework with islamic principles regarding the sanctity of the dead 50 51 india edit according to a case in the karnataka high court titled rangaraju vajapeyi vs state of karnataka necrophilia can arise from feelings of anger curiosity or lust rather than being driven by sexual necessity or habit in india as of now the indian penal code ipc does not explicitly mention necrophilia as a distinct offense under the section that deals with sexual offenses however the court s interpretation suggested that it could potentially fall under section 297 which pertains to causing indignity to any human corpse when someone trespasses into a place used for funeral rites or storing the remains of the deceased nevertheless for an act to be considered an offense under section 297 it must be accompanied by an intention to hurt someone s feelings or insult their religion additionally if it is known that such an act is likely to hurt someone s feelings or insult their religion it can be punishable under section 297 in the specific case discussed by the court it concluded that the elements required under section 297 were not present therefore the court stated that at most it could be seen as sadism or necrophilia but it did not qualify as an offense punishable under section 376 of the indian penal code the court further recommended that the government amend the law accordingly 52 philippines edit there are no laws that explicitly prohibit sexual acts on corpses the closest applicable law is the provision in the revised penal code which only criminalizes defamation to blacken the memory of one who is dead there were efforts to introduce bills criminalizing sexual acts on corpses during the 15th congress one by which penalizes sexual acts of males of corpses of women and another covers sexual intercourse anal sex and oral sex done on corpses both proposals penalizes the act with fine and imprisonment 53 new zealand edit under section 150 of new zealand crimes act 1961 it is an offense for there to be misconduct in respect to human remains subsection b elaborates that this applies if someone improperly or indecently interferes with or offers indignity to any dead human body or human remains whether buried or not this statute is therefore applicable to sex with corpses and carries a potential two year prison sentence although there is no relevant case law 54 south africa edit section 14 of the criminal law sexual offences and related matters amendment act 2007 prohibits the commission of a sexual act with a corpse 55 until codified by the act it was a common law offence citation needed sweden edit section 16 10 of the swedish penal code criminalizes necrophilia but it is not explicitly mentioned necrophilia falls under the regulations against abusing a corpse or grave brott mot griftefrid which carries a maximum sentence of two years in prison one person has been convicted of necrophilia he was sentenced to psychiatric care for that and other crimes including arson 56 united kingdom edit sexual penetration of a corpse was made illegal in england and wales under the sexual offences act 2003 carrying a maximum sentence of two years imprisonment before 2003 necrophilia was not illegal however exposing a naked corpse in public was classed as a public nuisance r v clark 1883 15 cox 171 57 section 115 of the crime and policing act 2026 amends the 2003 law broadening the offence from requiring sexual penetration to also include sexual touching of a corpse 58 this change was in part due to the offences of david fuller 59 united states edit every state has its own law concerning the desecration or abuse of human remains 60 61 state severity statute alabama felony class c 13a 11 13 alaska misdemeanor class a 11 61 130 arizona felony class 4 32 1364 archived 10 july 2009 at the wayback machine arkansas felony class c 5 60 101 california felony health and safety code 7052 colorado felony class 6 18 13 101 connecticut misdemeanor class a or felony class d if victim under 16 53a 73a delaware misdemeanor class a 11 5 1332 florida felony second degree 872 06 georgia felony 16 6 7 hawaii misdemeanor 711 1108 idaho misdemeanor 18 7027 illinois felony class 2 720 ilcs 5 12 20 6 indiana felony level 6 35 45 11 2 iowa felony class d 709 18 kansas misdemeanor 21 6205 kentucky felony class d 525 120 archived 23 march 2015 at the wayback machine louisiana misdemeanor la rev stat 14 101 maine felony class d 17 508 maryland misdemeanor 10 401 massachusetts n a n a michigan state jail felony since 2024 750 160 minnesota misdemeanor 609 294 mississippi felony 97 29 25 missouri felony class d 194 425 montana felony 45 5 627 archived 28 october 2018 at the wayback machine nebraska felony class 4 28 1301 nevada felony class a nrs 201 450 new hampshire misdemeanor 644 7 new jersey felony class 3 2c 22 1 new mexico n a n a new york misdemeanor class a 130 20 north carolina felony class i 14 401 22 c north dakota misdemeanor class a 12 1 20 12 and 12 1 20 02 ohio felony fifth degree 2927 01 oklahoma felony 21 1161 oregon felony ors 166 085 pennsylvania misdemeanor second degree 18 pa cons stat 5510 rhode island felony 11 20 1 2 south carolina felony 16 17 600 south dakota n a n a tennessee felony class e 39 17 312 texas state jail felony since 2017 9 42 08 62 utah felony third degree 76 9 704 vermont state jail felony since 2025 13 v s a 3761a virginia n a n a washington felony class c rcw 9a 44 105 west virginia misdemeanor 61 8 9 failed verification wisconsin felony class g 940 225 7 63 wyoming felony 6 4 502 other animals edit a male black and white tegu mounts a female that has been dead for two days and attempts to mate 64 see also non reproductive sexual behaviour in animals necrophilia has been observed in mammals birds reptiles and frogs 65 in 1960 robert dickerman described necrophilia in ground squirrels which he termed davian behavior after a limerick about a necrophiliac miner named dave the label is still used for necrophilia in animals 66 kees moeliker observed while he was sitting in his office at the natural history museum rotterdam when he heard the distinctive thud of a bird hitting the glass facade of the building upon inspection he discovered a drake male mallard lying dead outside the building next to the downed bird a second drake mallard was standing close by as moeliker observed the couple the living drake pecked at the corpse of the dead one for a few minutes then mounted the corpse and began copulating with it the act of necrophilia lasted for about 75 minutes at which time according to moeliker the living drake took two short breaks before resuming copulating behavior moeliker surmised that at the time of the collision with the window the two mallards were engaged in a common pattern in duck behavior called attempted rape flight when one died the other one just went for it and didn t get any negative feedback well didn t get any feedback according to moeliker 67 68 necrophilia had previously only been reported in heterosexual mallard pairs 67 in a short paper known as sexual habits of the adélie penguin deemed too shocking for contemporary publication george murray levick described little hooligan bands of penguins mating with dead females in the cape adare rookery the largest group of adélie penguins in 1911 and 1912 69 70 this is nowadays ascribed to lack of experience of young penguins a dead female with eyes half closed closely resembles a compliant female 71 a gentoo penguin was observed attempting to have intercourse with a dead penguin in 1921 72 necrophilia has been observed among bottlenose dolphins and manatees 73 a male new zealand sea lion was once observed attempting to copulate with a dead female new zealand fur seal in the wild the sea lion nudged the seal repeatedly then mounted her and made several pelvic thrusts approximately ten minutes later the sea lion became disturbed by the researcher s presence dragged the corpse of the seal into the water and swam away while holding it 74 necrophilia is documented in other pinniped species such as the elephant seal which is known to copulate with both dead adult seals and dead seal pups 75 a male sea otter was observed holding a female sea otter underwater until she drowned before repeatedly copulating with her carcass several months later the same sea otter was again observed copulating with the carcass of a different female 76 copulation with a dead female pilot whale by a captive male pilot whale has been observed 77 and possible sexual behavior between two male humpback whales one dead has also been reported 78 although necrophilia in non human primates remains understudied it was observed among wild stump tailed macaques when multiple males attempted to copulate with the corpse of a female macaque 79 in 1983 a male rock dove was observed to be copulating with the corpse of a dove that shortly before had its head crushed by a car 80 81 in 2001 a researcher laid out sand martin corpses to attract flocks of other sand martins in each of the six trials 1 5 individuals from flocks of 50 500 were observed attempting to copulate with the dead sand martins this occurred one to two months after the breeding season since copulation outside the breeding season is uncommon among birds the researcher speculated that the lack of resistance by the corpses stimulated the behavior 82 charles brown observed at least ten cliff swallows attempt to copulate with a road killed cliff swallow in the space of 15 minutes he commented this isn t the first time i ve seen cliff swallows do this the bright orange rump sticking up seems to be all the stimulus these birds need 83 necrophilia has also been reported in the european swallow grey backed sparrow lark stark s lark 70 and the snow goose 84 a norwegian television report showed a male hybrid between a black grouse and western capercaillie kill a male black grouse before attempting to copulate with it 82 in 2015 due to work done by the university of washington it was found that crows would commit necrophilia on dead crow corpses in about 4 of encounters with corpses 85 a male ameiva ameiva mounts a dead female and attempts to pair cloacae 66 necrophilia has been documented in various lizard species including ameiva ameiva 66 86 the leopard lizard 87 and holbrookia maculata 88 there are two reports of necrophilic behavior in the sleepy lizard tiliqua rugosa in one the partner of a male lizard got caught in a fencing wire and died the male continued to display courtship behavior towards his partner two days after her death this lizard s necrophilia was believed to stem from its strong monogamous bond 89 in one study of black and white tegu lizards two different males were observed attempting to court and copulate with a single female corpse on two consecutive days on the first day the corpse was freshly dead but by the second day it was bloating and emitting a strong putrid odor the researcher attributed the behavior to sex pheromones still acting on the carcass 64 male garter snakes often copulate with dead females 90 91 one case has been reported in the bothrops jararaca snake with a dead south american rattlesnake 92 93 the prairie rattlesnake crotalus viridis and helicops carinicauda snake have both been seen attempting to mate with decapitated females presumably attracted by still active sex pheromones 93 94 male crayfish sometimes copulate with dead crayfish of either sex and in one observation with a dead crayfish of a different species 95 96 in anurans it has been observed in the foothill yellow legged frog 97 the yellow fire bellied toad 98 the common frog 99 the oregon spotted frog 100 the common asian toad 101 dendropsophus columbianus 102 and rhinella jimi 103 the film cane toads an unnatural history shows a male toad copulating for eight hours with a female toad that had been run over by a car 104 necrophilic amplexus in frogs may occur because males will mount any pliable object the size of an adult female if the mounted object is a live frog not appropriate for mating it will vibrate its body or vocalize a call to be released dead frogs cannot do this so they may be held for hours 99 functional necrophilia edit the amazonian frog rhinella proboscidea sometimes practices what has been termed functional necrophilia a male grasps the corpse of a dead female and squeezes it until its oocytes are ejected before fertilizing them 105 certain species of arachnids and insects practice sexual cannibalism where the female cannibalizes her male mate before during or after copulation the reproductive fitness among males of trichonephila plumipes and other species has been found to directly benefit from necrophilia with the female copulating far more effectively with the partially cannibalized corpse than it would with a still living mate 106 see also edit wikiquote has quotations related to necrophilia incidents of necrophilia vulnerability and care theory of love death during consensual sex list of paraphilias somnophilia agalmatophilia footnotes edit aggrawal 2016 p 1 1 2 goodwin robin cranmer duncan eds 2002 inappropriate relationships the unconventional the disapproved and the forbidden london england psychology press pp 174 176 isbn 978 0 8058 3742 1 janssen diederik f june 2020 medico forensic pre histories of ...