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d about 1 per 100 000 in western europe 4 about 1 000 cases of necrotizing fasciitis occur per year in the united states but the rates have been increasing this could be due to increasing awareness of this condition and increased reporting or increasing antibiotic resistance 2 both sexes are affected equally 2 it is more common among older people and is rare in children 4 anatomical location edit necrotizing fasciitis can occur at any part of the body but it is more commonly seen at the extremities perineum and genitals a small fraction of cases arise in the head neck chest and abdomen 2 history edit in the fifth century bc hippocrates was the first to describe necrotizing soft tissue infections erysipelas all over the body while the cause was only a trivial accident bones flesh and sinew cord tendon or nerve would fall off from the body and there were many deaths necrotizing soft tissue infections were first described in english by british surgeon leonard gillespie and british physicians gilbert blaine and thomas trotter in the 18th century at that time there was no standardized name for nstis they were variably described as severe ulcers gangrene erysipelas or cellulitis 28 later hospital gangrene became more commonly used in 1871 confederate states army surgeon joseph jones reported 2 642 cases of hospital gangrene with a mortality rate of 46 in 1883 dr jean alfred fournier described necrotizing infections of the perineum and scrotum now named after him as fournier gangrene the term necrotizing fasciitis was coined by dr bob wilson in 1952 4 29 since then its definition has broadened to include infections of fascia and soft tissue 2 despite being disfavored by the medical community the term galloping gangrene was frequently used in sensationalistic news media to refer to outbreaks of necrotizing fasciitis 30 it is sometimes confused for eripheral symmetrical gangrene and acute rhabdomyolysis and all three are sometimes incorrectly referred to as flesh eating virus 7 31 society and culture edit notable cases edit 1994 lucien bouchard future premier of québec canada who was infected while leader of the federal official opposition bloc québécois party lost a leg to the illness 32 1994 a cluster of cases occurred in gloucestershire in the west of england of five confirmed and one probable infection two died the cases were believed to be connected the first two had acquired the streptococcus pyogenes bacteria during surgery the remaining four were community acquired 33 the cases generated much newspaper coverage with lurid headlines such as flesh eating bug ate my face 34 1997 jeff moorad former agent and partial owner of the san diego padres and arizona diamondbacks contracted the disease he had seven surgeries in a little more than a week and later fully recovered 35 2004 don rickles american stand up comedian actor and author known especially for his insult comedy contracted the disease in his left leg he had six operations and later recovered the condition confined him in his later years to performing comedy from a chair 36 2004 eric allin cornell winner of the 2001 nobel prize in physics lost his left arm and shoulder to the disease 37 2005 alexandru marin an experimental particle physicist professor at mit boston university and harvard university and researcher at cern and jinr died from the disease 38 2006 alan coren british writer and satirist announced in his christmas column for the times that his long absence as a columnist had been caused by his contracting the disease while on holiday in france 39 2009 r w johnson british journalist and historian contracted the disease in march after injuring his foot while swimming his leg was amputated above the knee 40 2011 jeff hanneman guitarist for the thrash metal band slayer contracted the disease he died of liver failure two years later on may 2 2013 and it was speculated that his infection was the cause of death however on may 9 2013 the official cause of death was announced as alcohol related cirrhosis hanneman and his family had apparently been unaware of the extent of the condition until shortly before his death 41 2011 peter watts canadian science fiction author contracted the disease on his blog watts reported i m told i was a few hours away from being dead if there was ever a disease fit for a science fiction writer flesh eating disease has got to be it this spread across my leg as fast as a star trek space disease in time lapse 42 2013 british actress georgie henley revealed in 2022 that she had contracted the disease several weeks after starting at cambridge university and that it had almost claimed her life 2014 daniel gildenlöw swedish singer and songwriter for the band pain of salvation spent several months in a hospital after being diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis on his back in early 2014 after recovering he wrote the album in the passing light of day 43 a concept album about his experience during the hospitalization 44 2014 ricky bartlett sag aftra actor and s o v a s voiceover artist lost both legs to nf he contracted the disease during a trip to wyoming and south dakota 45 2015 edgar savisaar estonian politician had his right leg amputated he got the disease during a trip to thailand 46 2018 alex smith an american football quarterback for the washington football team of the national football league nfl contracted the disease after being injured during a game 47 he suffered an open compound fracture in his lower leg which became infected 48 smith narrowly avoided amputation and eventually returned to playing professional football in october 2020 49 smith s injury and recovery is the subject of the espn documentary e60 presents project 11 50 2019 og maco contracted nf after an untreated rash 2021 irish actor barry keoghan revealed in 2024 that he contracted nf shortly before filming the banshees of inisherin and nearly had his arm amputated 51 see also edit capnocytophaga canimorsus gangrene mucormycosis 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