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neornithischia wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 classification 2 references 3 external links toggle the table of contents neornithischia 20 languages العربية مصرى azərbaycanca čeština deutsch español فارسی français עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 nederlands polski português русский српски srpski tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia extinct clade of dinosaurs cerapoda redirects here for the genus of moths see cerapoda moth neornithischians temporal range middle jurassic late cretaceous 170 66 ma preꞓ ꞓ o s d c p t j k pg n possible early jurassic record four neornithischians clockwise from top left triceratops a ceratopsian mantellisaurus an iguanodont kulindadromeus an early neornithischian and pachycephalosaurus a pachycephalosaur scientific classification kingdom animalia phylum chordata class reptilia clade dinosauria clade ornithischia clade genasauria clade neornithischia cooper 1985 subgroups 1 agilisaurus enigmacursor gongbusaurus wucaiwanensis hexinlusaurus lesothosaurus minimocursor nanosaurus phyllodon pulaosaurus sanxiasaurus xiaosaurus yandusaurus pyrodontia fonseca et al 2024 1 kulindadromeus laosaurus minimus thescelosauridae cerapoda sereno 1986 siluosaurus marginocephalia ornithopoda neornithischia new ornithischians is a clade of the dinosaur order ornithischia it is the sister group of the thyreophora within the clade genasauria neornithischians are united by having a thicker layer of asymmetrical enamel on the inside of their lower teeth the teeth wore unevenly with chewing and developed sharp ridges that allowed neornithischians to break down tougher plant food than other dinosaurs neornithischians include a variety of basal forms historically known as hypsilophodonts including the thescelosauridae as these taxa do not all form a monophyletic clade the term small bodied early diverging ornithischian sbedo has been used to refer to these as a collective group 2 in addition there are derived forms classified in the groups marginocephalia and ornithopoda the former includes clades pachycephalosauria and ceratopsia while the latter typically includes hypsilophodon and the more derived iguanodontia classification edit neornithischia was first named by cooper in 1985 and defined as all genasaurians more closely related to parasaurolophus walkeri than to ankylosaurus magniventris or stegosaurus stenops 3 in 2021 neornithischia was given a formal definition under the phylocode the largest clade containing iguanodon bernissartensis and triceratops horridus but not ankylosaurus magniventris and stegosaurus stenops 4 a 2017 study by matthew g baron david b norman and paul m barrett recovered the early jurassic taxon lesothosaurus diagnosticus from southern africa as the most basal known member of neornithischia a position previously held by stormbergia dangershoeki a taxon considered by the authors to be an adult form of lesothosaurus and therefore a junior subjective synonym however baron et al go on to state that this result is only poorly supported and that future studies will be needed in order to better resolve the base of the ornithischian tree 5 pyrodontia was named by andré o fonseca and colleagues in 2024 to unite the members of thescelosauridae and cerapoda its name translates to fire teeth in reference to the rapid diversification of this clade during the middle jurassic 1 the clade is formally defined in the phylocode as the smallest clade containing ceratops montanus iguanodon bernissartensis pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis and thescelosaurus neglectus 1 cerapoda is the most diverse clade within neornithischia the name cerapoda is a portmanteaux of ceratopsia and ornithopoda as the name suggests the clade is divided into two groups ornithopoda bird foot and marginocephalia fringed heads the latter group includes the pachycephalosauria thick headed lizards and ceratopsia horned faces the following taxonomy follows richard j butler paul upchurch and david b norman 2008 and butler et al 2011 unless otherwise noted 3 6 cerapoda was first named by sereno in 1986 and defined by him as parasaurolophus walkeri parks 1922 triceratops horridus marsh 1889 their most recent common ancestor and all descendants 3 a similar clade neornithopoda was tentatively proposed by david b norman to unite ceratopsians with advanced ornithopods in a 1984 paper 7 in 2021 cerapoda was given a formal definition under the phylocode the smallest clade containing iguanodon bernissartensis boulenger in beneden 1881 pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis gilmore 1931 and triceratops horridus marsh 1889 4 the phylogenetic study of fonseca and colleagues in 2024 recovered results similar to the previous analyses of boyd and herne and colleagues 8 9 with thescelosaurids outside ornithopoda and heterodontosaurids outside neornithischia while other aspects of relationships like the placement of changmiania or the grouping within ornithopoda were novel results their equal weights results are below 1 ornithischia asilisaurus lutungutali silesaurus technosaurus kwanasaurus eucoelophysis pisanosaurus saphornithischia heterodontosauridae eocursor genasauria thyreophora laquintasaura lesothosaurus emausaurus scutellosaurus scelidosaurus yuxisaurus jakapil eurypoda neornithischia agilisaurus hexinlusaurus sanxiasaurus minimocursor yandusaurus nanosaurus pyrodontia thescelosauridae orodrominae zephyrosaurus orodromeus oryctodromeus albertadromeus koreanosaurus thescelosaurinae yueosaurus changmiania haya griva rtmp 2008 045 0002 changchunsaurus jeholosaurus parksosaurus thescelosaurus kulindadromeus cerapoda marginocephalia pachycephalosauria ceratopsia ornithopoda hypsilophodontidae iguanodontia rhabdodontomorpha euiguanodontia anabisetia diluvicursor gasparinisaura notohypsilophodon elasmaria iyuku dryomorpha references edit 1 2 3 4 5 fonseca a o reid i j venner a duncan r j garcia m s müller r t 2024 a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution journal of systematic palaeontology 22 1 2346577 bibcode 2024jspal 2246577f doi 10 1080 14772019 2024 2346577 avrahami haviv m makovicky peter j tucker ryan t zanno lindsay e 2024 07 09 a new semi fossorial thescelosaurine dinosaur from the cenomanian age mussentuchit member of the cedar mountain formation utah the anatomical record 307 12 3717 3781 doi 10 1002 ar 25505 issn 1932 8486 pmid 38979930 1 2 3 richard j butler paul upchurch david b norman 2008 the phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs journal of systematic palaeontology 6 1 1 40 bibcode 2008jspal 6 1b doi 10 1017 s1477201907002271 s2cid 86728076 1 2 madzia d arbour vm boyd ca farke aa cruzado caballero p evans dc 2021 the phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs peerj 9 e12362 matthew g baron david b norman paul m barrett 2016 postcranial anatomy of lesothosaurus diagnosticus dinosauria ornithischia from the lower jurassic of southern africa implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy and systematics zoological journal of the linnean society doi 10 1111 zoj 12434 richard j butler jin liyong chen jun pascal godefroit 2011 the postcranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the small ornithischian dinosaur changchunsaurus parvus from the quantou formation cretaceous aptian cenomanian of jilin province north eastern china palaeontology 54 3 667 683 bibcode 2011palgy 54 667b doi 10 1111 j 1475 4983 2011 01046 x norman d b 1984 a systematic reappraisal of the reptile order ornithischia in reif w e westphal f eds third symposium on mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems short papers attempto verlag pp 157 162 clint a boyd 2015 the systematic relationships and biogeographic history of ornithischian dinosaurs peerj 3 e1523 doi 10 7717 peerj 1523 pmc 4690359 pmid 26713260 herne matthew c nair jay p evans alistair r tait alan m 2019 new small bodied ornithopods dinosauria neornithischia from the early cretaceous wonthaggi formation strzelecki group of the australian antarctic rift system with revision of qantassaurus intrepidus rich and vickers rich 1999 journal of paleontology 93 3 543 584 bibcode 2019jpal 93 543h doi 10 1017 jpa 2018 95 butler r j 2005 the fabrosaurid ornithischian dinosaurs of the upper elliot formation lower jurassic of south africa and lesotho zoological journal of the linnean society 145 2 175 18 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 2005 00182 x sereno p c 1986 phylogeny of the bird hipped dinosaurs order ornithischia national geographic research 2 2 234 56 external links edit encyclopædia britannica palæos v t e ornithischia kingdom animalia phylum chordata class sauropsida clade avemetatarsalia clade dinosauria avemetatarsalia see avemetatarsalia ornithischia see below ornithischia ornithischia archaeocursor chilesaurus eocursor laquintasaura lesothosaurus pisanosaurus silesauridae heterodontosauridae abrictosaurus echinodon fruitadens heterodontosaurus lycorhinus manidens pegomastax tianyulong thyreophora emausaurus jakapil scelidosaurus scutellosaurus yuxisaurus parankylosauria ankylosauria see ankylosauria stegosauria see stegosauria neornithischia agilisaurus enigmacursor hexinlusaurus hypsilophodon kulindadromeus minimocursor nanosaurus phyllodon pulaosaurus sanxiasaurus xiaosaurus yandusaurus thescelosauridae albertadromeus changchunsaurus changmiania doolysaurus fona haya jeholosaurus koreanosaurus nanosaurus nevadadromeus orodromeus oryctodromeus parksosaurus thescelosaurus yueosaurus zephyrosaurus ornithopoda see ornithopoda marginocephalia ceratopsia see ceratopsia pachycephalosauria see pachycephalosauria see also nomina dubia alocodon bienosaurus craspedodon fabrosaurus ferganocephale geranosaurus gongbusaurus laosaurus notoceratops siluosaurus syngonosaurus tatisaurus tichosteus trimucrodon incertae sedis ajkaceratops chilesaurus dravidosaurus jakapil serendipaceratops other taxa ornithoscelida phytodinosauria silesauridae hypsilophodontidae jeholosauridae other articles list of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks portal dinosaurs taxon identifiers neornithischia wikidata q379167 wikispecies neornithischia paleobiology database 148169 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title neornithischia oldid 1364524308 categories neornithischia dinosaur clades hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages using multiple image with auto scaled images articles with species microformats this page was last edited on 17 july 2026 at 02 01 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents neornithischia 20 languages add topic