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new jerusalem dead sea scroll wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 scroll fragments 2 the motif of a new jerusalem in the bible and at qumran toggle the motif of a new jerusalem in the bible and at qumran subsection 2 1 temple scroll 2 1 1 ezekiel 2 1 2 revelation 2 1 3 qumran 3 11q18 new jerusalem 4 references toggle references subsection 4 1 bibliography toggle the table of contents new jerusalem dead sea scroll add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia discovered among the dead sea scrolls near qumran were fragments of a scroll which describes new jerusalem in minute detail the new jerusalem scroll appears to contain an apocalyptic vision an eschatological vision of the city and the temple although being fragmented it is hard to categorize written in aramaic the text describes a vast city rectangular in shape with twelve gates and encircled by a long wall similar descriptions appear in revelation 21 22 and possibly ezekiel 40 48 and comparison to the temple scroll also found near qumran shows many similarities despite no direct literary links between the two 1 qumran cave 4 location where a copy of the new jerusalem scroll was found 2 manuscript type 2 non biblical compositions composition type 2 parabiblical texts language 2 aramaic script 2 square material 2 parchment scroll fragments edit multiple copies or fragments of copies of the new jerusalem scroll were discovered within the caves surrounding qumran images for each fragment are available at the leon levy dead sea scrolls digital library reference number secondary reference composition type compositional date cave 1q32 3 1qnj parabiblical texts 100 50 bce 1 2q24 3 2qnj 2 4qnj a 3 4q554 4 4qnj b 3 4q554a 4 4qnf c 3 4q555 4 5qnj 3 5q15 5 11qnj 3 11q18 11 the motif of a new jerusalem in the bible and at qumran edit temple scroll edit scholars debate the potential of a relationship between new jerusalem and the temple scroll another qumran text featuring similar motifs an essay by b z wacholder explains that the new jerusalem scroll is dependent on the temple scroll the measurements and data go hand in hand however in the opinion of lorenzo ditommaso there are almost no similarities between the two texts in the matter of genre basic form and content or architectural urban design furthermore neither text is meaningfully dependent upon the other 4 ditommaso states this because the new jerusalem scroll is written in aramaic 5 in third person of a description of a futuristic city and described from ditommaso as without legislative material different measurements are used such as rods for length and width in the new jerusalem no description of other urban cities surrounding the city exists the description builds from the outside of the city towards the inside 4 while the temple scroll is written in first person in the language of hebrew and described as legislative the measurements used in the temple scroll are not the same they do not use rods as a measurement lastly in the temple scroll it describes cities that are around the new jerusalem the description is from the inside out 4 three different descriptions are given about new jerusalem from ezekiel revelation and writings found at qumran significant similarities can be drawn between the three ezekiel edit in a vision ezekiel 40 48 saw the temple the city and the land in a sense this is a heavenly blueprint it is a layout for what is to be established after the exile rebuilding the temple was meant to glorify yahweh in everything from its associated structures to its activities the core of the vision as adela yarbro collins writes is the narrative that describes how an angel led the prophet through the new sanctuary a tour that reaches the holy of holies 6 steven tuell divides the description of all this into three sections first in 40 43 9 there is a description of the temple and the lord s arrival to occupy it next there is the law of the temple which is about the liturgy performed by the priests finally the last two chapters deal with the river land and city 7 the blueprint described by ezekiel is believed to be exclusively concerned with restoration after the exile and is completely earth centered the reconstruction of an earthly temple rather than a heavenly one where is god in all of this tuell has the answer ezekiel and his editors agree on the fundamental answer to the question where it is here in the midst of god s people that god will be found 7 revelation edit the author of the revelation description took some ideas from ezekiel for example it contains the use of the measuring rod which was used to determine the dimensions of the walls gates etc he also took from isaiah 65 17 18 which describes god creating a new heaven and earth jerusalem is also to be a joy and its people a delight we also see christian interpretation which sees this idea transferred completely to the eschaton in order that new jerusalem comes at the very end of the world in the eschatological scenario of revelation 20 21 there is no place for the old jerusalem there is only the new jerusalem which comes down from heaven florentino martínez writes that new jerusalem here is an entirely new reality and that the only relation it has to the old is its name he goes on the new jerusalem metaphor of revelation represents such a deep transformation of its starting point ezekiel and isaiah that it is difficult to understand how this can be considered a development of the basic old testament texts 8 in revelation 21 9 there is a contrast between the great harlot babylon and the bride of the lamb the holy city of jerusalem one is of the earth symbolizing the passion and evil of man and the other descends from heaven completely pure and beautiful robert mounce writes that the holy city descending from god out of heaven should be understood as a real event within the visionary experience the visionary terms of a future event which will usher in the eternal state that the city comes down from god means that the eternal blessedness is not an achievement of man but a gift of god 9 there is no description of the temple in john s vision as it was in ezekiel mounce writes that this is because the symbol has made way for reality the temple is replaced by us gods and goddesses 9 qumran edit in the non sectarian documents of qumran we find consolation after the temple s destruction 4qtanhumin with links to isaiah 40 51 which writes that the temple will be rebuilt and zion will be restored to its former glory 10 according to the sectarian compositions jerusalem is ungodly as we see in the persherim text illegitimate and wicked priesthood occupy it so it is no surprise that the qumranites abandoned it at qumran they believed themselves to be establishing the true temple since the other had been corrupted furthermore the community itself metaphorically believed that they were the new jerusalem and the new temple they also believed that they were commanded to build a temple during the end times as one can read about in the temple scroll texts suggest that this jerusalem has no place at the end of days such as 1qsa ii 4 12 however others suggest the opposite that jerusalem plays an important role in the eschatological sense such as 4q177 and 1qm xii 10 16 the latter is a victory hymn which describes how the children of light people of qumran take back the city of jerusalem the people of light are then reintroduced into the temple 1qmii 1 5 purifying it and then conduct the final war until victory martínez sums up this evidence this seems to be the logical perspective from which to read the description of the city and of the temple of the new jerusalem text it is a revelation of the model of the temple and the city that god will build at the end of times this interpretation is confirmed by the fragmentary reference we find in a copy from cave to the final war against kittim edom moab ammon and babel the old testament model the torah of ezekiel has been thoroughly eschatologized and developed into the new jerusalem along the same lines that we find in other apocalyptic writings such as the book of enoch and the book of jubilees the plans for the city and the temple of the new jerusalem text represent a city of gigantic dimensions covered with precious stones a city that will be built by god at the end of days not a heavenly jerusalem but the very earthly city and the very earthly temple described in the war scroll and destined to endure forever 8 when comparing the fragments found at qumran to that of ezekiel one may find several parallels description of the new jerusalem found in fragments in caves 1 2 4 5 and 11 appears to be inspired by ezekiel written in the first person the narrator is given a tour by an angel which begins outside the city as they work their way into the temple the dimensions of the city being shown in the process 6 furthermore it is understood that the community believed this city to be made by god himself it is eschatological city definitive and everlasting in revelation the new jerusalem is to be on a very high cosmic mountain as it was in ezekiel description of the new jerusalem from qumran and revelation 21 22 both include descriptions of precious stones adorning the city suggesting the fulfillment of isaiah s prophecy also the guidance of the angel and the measuring rod used in revelation 21 9 10 and 15 17 are modeled on ezekiel 40 48 as are the same motifs in the description of the new jerusalem 6 11q18 new jerusalem edit 11q18 is a dead sea scroll discovered in cave 11 that speaks of a new jerusalem 11 references edit wise michael 2005 10 06 the dead sea scrolls revised edition a new translation revised ed san francisco harperone isbn 978 0 06 076662 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 the dead sea scrolls 4q nj www deadseascrolls org il retrieved 2015 11 06 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 perrin andrew b 2015 the dynamics of dream vision revelation in the aramaic dead sea scrolls gottingen vandenhoeck ruprecht pp 41 42 1 2 3 ditommaso lorenzo 2005 01 01 the dead sea new jerusalem text contents and contexts mohr siebeck isbn 978 3 16 148799 6 dimant devorah 2014 02 12 history ideology and bible interpretation in the dead sea scrolls collected studies mohr siebeck isbn 978 3 16 151021 2 1 2 3 charlesworth james 2006 the bible and the dead sea scrolls waco texas baylor university press isbn 1 932792 76 7 1 2 tuell steven 2009 new international biblical commentary ezekiel peabody massachusetts hendrickson publishers pp 276 344 isbn 978 1 85364 736 9 1 2 martinez florentino new jerusalem at qumran and in the new testament academia retrieved nov 20 2015 1 2 mounce robert 1977 the book of revelation grand rapids michigan willam b eerdmans pp 377 383 isbn 0 8028 2348 3 charlesworth james h 2006 01 01 the bible and the dead sea scrolls scripture and the scrolls baylor university press isbn 978 1 932792 19 5 ditommaso lorenzo 2005 the dead sea new jerusalem text contents and contexts mohr siebeck isbn 978 3 16 148799 6 bibliography edit garcía martínez f the last surviving columns of 11qnj in f garcía martínez et al eds the scriptures and the scrolls studies in honour of a s van der woude on the occasion of his 65th birthday vtsup 49 leiden e j brill 1992 178 192 pls 3 9 garcía martínez f e j c tigchelaar a s van der woude djd xxiii 305 355 pls xxxv xl liii jongeling b publication provisoire d un fragment provenant de la grotte 11 de qumran 11qjérnouv ar jsj 1 1970 58 64 kister m notes on some new texts from qumran jjs 44 1993 282 286 v t e dead sea scrolls texts 4q106 4q107 4q108 4q119 4q120 4q121 4q122 4q126 4q127 the testimonia 4q175 4q240 prayer of nabonidus 4q242 son of god text 4q246 pesher on genesis 4q252 hymn to king jonathan 4q448 messianic apocalypse 4q521 testament of qahat 4q542 4qdeuteronomy n 4q41 4qinstruction 4q415 418 4q418a 4q423 1q26 halakhic letter mmt 4q394 399 6q6 7q1 7q5 the great psalms scroll 11q5 paleo hebrew leviticus scroll 11qpaleolev melchizedek document 11q13 barkhi nafshi 4q434 438 the book of giants the book of mysteries 1q27 and 4q299 301 community rule 1qs 4qs 5q11 5q13 copper scroll 3q15 damascus document cd genesis apocryphon 1qapgen 1q20 genesis commentary greek minor prophets scroll from nahal hever habakkuk commentary 1qphab isaiah scroll 1qisa a 1qisa b nahum commentary 4qpnah 4q169 new jerusalem scroll paleo hebrew leviticus scroll 11qpaleolev papyrus cotton physiognomies horoscopes 4q186 pseudo ezekiel rule of the blessing 1qsb rule of the congregation 1qsa samuel scroll songs of the sabbath sacrifice 4q400 407 songs of the sage 4q510 511 temple scroll 11q19 thanksgiving hymns 1qh the war of the messiah the pierced messiah text 4q285 11q14 war scroll 1qm places qumran qumran caves cave 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 qumran cemetery ein feshkha kohlit secacah wadi murabba at issues essenes sadducees carbon dating yahad ostracon pesher dual messiahs teacher of righteousness wicked priest calendrical texts the seekers after smooth things scholars martin g abegg john marco allegro joseph m baumgarten john j collins sidnie white crawford frank moore cross andré dupont sommer robert eisenman hanan eshel joseph fitzmyer peter w flint david noel freedman florentino garcía martínez norman golb gerald lankester harding yizhar hirschfeld jean baptiste humbert ernest marie laperrousaz timothy h lim jodi magness josé o callaghan martínez józef milik elisha qimron james a sanders lawrence schiffman hershel shanks patrick w skehan solomon h steckoll hartmut stegemann john strugnell eleazar sukenik carsten peter thiede emanuel tov john c trever eugene ulrich james c vanderkam roland de vaux géza vermes yigael yadin other aiar asor aramaic enoch scroll shrine of the book orion center école biblique discoveries in the judaean desert mar samuel muhammed edh dhib najib albina related ancient qumran a virtual reality tour 2007 film retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title new_jerusalem_dead_sea_scroll oldid 1325187974 categories dead sea scrolls jewish eschatology jewish texts in aramaic this page was last edited on 1 december 2025 at 17 34 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you 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