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Text of the page (random words):
e watching the signer a signer can avoid letting the other person have a turn by not looking at them or can indicate that the other person may have a turn by making eye contact 18 recognition in academia edit in early studies of signed languages done by hearing researchers nonmanual features were largely ignored 19 in the 1960s william stokoe established a system of sign language phonology for american sign language and was one of the first researchers to discuss nonmanual features in his writings when he used diacritics to signify six different facial expressions based on their meanings in english 20 from stokoe s writings until the 1990s facial expressions were discussed in some studies on signed languages and awareness of them as a grammaticised aspect of signed languages began to grow 4 in the 21st century discussion of nonmanual signs in both research on individual languages and sign language education has become more common partially due to the increased awareness of minimal pair in automatic sign language recognition technology 21 references edit elliott ea jacobs am 2013 facial expressions emotions and sign languages frontiers in psychology 4 doi 10 3389 fpsyg 2013 00115 issn 1664 1078 pmc 3593340 pmid 23482994 1 2 3 rudge luke a 2018 08 03 analysing british sign language through the lens of systemic functional linguistics cite journal cite journal requires journal help 1 2 aran oya burger thomas caplier alice akarun lale 2008 a belief based sequential fusion approach for fusing manual and non manual signs s2cid 2971052 cite web missing or empty url help 1 2 reilly judy snitzer mcintire marina bellugi ursula 1990 the acquisition of conditionals in american sign language grammaticized facial expressions applied psycholinguistics 11 4 369 392 doi 10 1017 s0142716400009632 issn 1469 1817 s2cid 146327328 herrmann annika 2013 nonmanuals in sign languages modal and focus particles in sign languages a cross linguistic study 1 ed de gruyter pp 33 52 jstor j ctvbkk221 10 1 2 3 tomaszewski piotr 2010 01 01 not by the hands alone functions of non manual features in polish sign language matrix pp 289 320 isbn 978 83 932212 0 2 retrieved 2022 04 04 signbank auslan org au retrieved 2022 04 02 bogliotti caroline isel frederic 2021 manual and spoken cues in french sign language s lexical access evidence from mouthing in a sign picture priming paradigm frontiers in psychology 12 655168 doi 10 3389 fpsyg 2021 655168 issn 1664 1078 pmc 8185165 pmid 34113290 liddell scott k 2003 grammar gesture and meaning in american sign language cambridge cambridge university press josep quer i carbonell carlo cecchetto rannveig sverrisd ãttir eds 2017 signgram blueprint a guide to sign language grammar writing de gruyter mouton isbn 978 1 5015 1180 6 oclc 1012688117 bross fabian hole daniel scope taking strategies in german sign language glossa 2 1 1 30 doi 10 5334 gjgl 106 boudreault patrick mayberry rachel i 2006 grammatical processing in american sign language age of first language acquisition effects in relation to syntactic structure language and cognitive processes 21 5 608 635 doi 10 1080 01690960500139363 s2cid 13572435 baker charlotte and dennis cokely 1980 american sign language a teacher s resource text on grammar and culture silver spring md t j publishers quer josep 2018 10 01 on categorizing types of role shift in sign languages theoretical linguistics 44 3 4 277 282 doi 10 1515 tl 2018 0020 hdl 10230 36020 issn 1613 4060 s2cid 69448938 buchstaller isabelle alphen ingrid van 2012 05 01 quotatives cross linguistic and cross disciplinary perspectives john benjamins publishing isbn 978 90 272 7479 3 how to use role shifting in american sign language www handspeak com retrieved 2022 04 14 sutton spence rachel and bencie woll 1998 the linguistics of british sign language cambridge cambridge university press baker charlotte 1977 regulators and turn taking in american sign language discourse in lynn friedman on the other hand new perspectives on american sign language new york academic press isbn 9780122678509 filhol michael choisier annick hadjadj mohamed 1982 05 31 non manual features the right to indifference cite journal cite journal requires journal help stokoe william c jr 2005 01 01 sign language structure an outline of the visual communication systems of the american deaf the journal of deaf studies and deaf education 10 1 3 37 doi 10 1093 deafed eni001 issn 1081 4159 pmid 15585746 mukushev medet sabyrov arman imashev alfarabi koishybay kenessary kimmelman vadim sandygulova anara 2020 evaluation of manual and non manual components for sign language recognition proceedings of the 12th language resources and evaluation conference marseille france european language resources association 6073 6078 isbn 979 10 95546 34 4 cite journal cs1 maint periodical has isbn link v t e sign language list of sign languages list by number of signers language families a sign languages by family australian aboriginal multiple families c diyari djingili eltye eltyarrenke iltyeme iltyeme jaralde kalkutungu miriwoong mudburra pitha pitha rdaka rdaka umpila far north queensland warlmanpa warluwara warramunga worora kinship yan nhaŋu yir yoront yolŋu western desert kartutjarra manjiljarra ngaatjatjarra zendath kesign meriam western torres strait islander arab ishaaric egyptian kuwaiti libyan qatari unified yemeni iraqi levantine iraqi levantine jordanian lebanese palestinian syrian possible emirati saudi omani chinese sign chinese csl zgs shanghai hong kong hksl macau chilean paraguayan uruguayan sign chilean lsch paraguayan uruguayan sign paraguay lspy uruguay lsu francosign algerian lsa swiss german dsgs estonian eesti viipekeel irish isl australian irish brazilian libras lithuanian catalan lsc valencian lsv french lsf old french c romanian lsr american aslic american asl black asl basl protactile bolivian burmese yangon mandalay cambodian costa rican dominican guyanese jamaican malaysian bim panamanian filipino fsl puerto rican prsl singapore sgsl indonesian nusantaric indonesian bisindo jakarta yogyakarta francophone african françafrosign ethiopian chadian ghanaian guinean bamako lasima moroccan nigerian sierra leonean mixed hand talk oneida osl mixed hoailona ʻōlelo creole hawaiʻi sign language chsl mixed french lsf greek ενγ eng cypriot κνγ kng quebec lsq austro hungarian czech čzj hungarian magyar jelnyev austrian ögs slovak spj ukrainian ужм usl russian sign azerbaijani ai̇d bulgarian бже georgian kazakh russian ksl krsl latvian lsl mongolian russian ржя yugoslavic sign croatian hzj kosovar serbian slovenian yugoslav ysl dutch sign dutch ngt gambian italian sign italian lis tunisian tsl mexican sign mexican lsm honduran lesho old belgian flemish vgt french belgian lsfb danish tegnic malagasy icelandic táknmál norwegian tegnspråk danish tegnsprog faroese teknmál viet thai hai phong hanoi ho chi minh thai tsl mstsl hand talk great basin northeast plains sign talk southeast southwest mixed american asl oneida osl plateau a aninin kalispel ktunaxa ʾa qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam nesilextcl n shuswap secwepemcékst sqeliz indo pakistani sign bangalore madras beluchistan bengali bombay calcutta delhi nepali north west frontier province punjab sindh japanese sign japanese jsl nihon shuwa korean ksl hanguk sueo taiwanese tsl taiwan shouyu kentish c old kentish chilmark martha s vineyard mvsl maya meemul tziij meemul ch aab al highland maya yucatec chicán nohkop nohya trascorral cepeda peraza nw eurosign banzsl auslan papua new guinean pngsl british bsl northern ireland nisl fijian fsl maritime msl new zealand nzsl samoan south african sasl swedish sign eritrean erisl finland swedish finssl portuguese lgp cape verdian lgc são tomé and príncipean lgstp swedish teckenspråk finnish viittomakieli german sign german dgs polish pjm israeli shassi original thai sign chiangmai hai phong old bangkok paget gorman namibian nsl providencia cayman sign providence island provisle old cayman guyanese isolates afghan akure aksl al sayyid bedouin absl albanian albsl albarradas sign language alipur argentine lsa armenian caucasian harsneren c bay islands belizean berbey bhutanese bouakako lasibo bribri brunca bura carhuahuaran cena central taurus ctsl oti̇d chatino chiriqui cuban lsc dogon douentza ecuadorian lsec enga ghandruk ghardaia ajsl guatemalan lensegua guinea bissau henniker c hausa hsl magannar hannu hawaiʻi hoailona ʻōlelo creole hsl ibokun ibsl inuit inuit uukturausingit iur greenlandic ussersuataarneq jhankot jumla ka apor kajana kafr qasim kailge kata kolok kenyan ksl lak somali ssl keresan pueblo kpisl keresign kisindo jamaican country ks konchri sain macedonian magajin gari mgsl malawian maltese lsm mardin maroua maunabudhuk bodhe mauritian msl m bour mehek miyakubo shuwa burkina mossi mount avejaha mozambican naga navajo diné family nicaraguan isn north korean nksl joseon suhwa old costa rican orocovis lsor ottoman seraglio harem ban khor pasa kidd penang persian esharani peruvian lsp inmaculada qahveh khaneh rennellese c rossel island rwandan akr amr sandy river valley c salvadoran lessa sawmill sinasina sssl sivia south rupununi spanish lse tebul terena tibetan bökyi lagda trinidad and tobago ttsl turkish ti̇d ugandan usl venezuelan lsv vsl wanib west african adamorobe adasl mumu kasa bura burasl mofu gudur nanabin nanabinsl yoruban ysl zambian zsl other groupings amami shuwa languages ethiopian languages laotian languages rwandan languages sri lankan languages sudanese languages 150 b tanzanian languages 7 b zimsign languages international sign village languages by region a sign languages by region africa algeria algerian ghardaia cameroon maroua cape verde cape verdian lgc ghana adamorobe adasl mumu kasa nanabin ivory coast bouakako lasibo kenya kenyan malawi malawian mali bamako lasima berbey tebul mozambique mozambican nigeria akure aksl bura hausa magannar hannu ibokun ibsl magajin gari mgsl rwanda rwandan amarenga são tomé and príncipe são tomé and príncipean lgstp senegal mbour somalia somaliland djibouti somali south africa south african tanzania tanzanian uganda ugandan zambia zambian asia bengal bengali cambodia cambodian china chinese hong kong hong kong hksl india alipur bengali indo pakistani naga indonesia indonesian kata kolok benkala balinese iran iranian esharani qahveh khaneh iraq iraqi kurdish israel al sayyid bedouin ghardaia israeli kafr qasem japan japanese koniya miyakubo korea north korean south korean kazakhstan kazakh russian laos laotian malaysia malaysian penang selangor maldives maldives mongolia mongolian nepal ghandruk jhankot jumla maunabudhuk bodhe nepalese philippines filipino saudi arabia saudi singapore singapore sri lanka sri lankan taiwan taiwanese tajikistan russian tibet tibetan bökyi lagda thailand old bangkok chiangmai thai ban khor pasa kidd vietnam vietnamese europe armenia armenian austria austrian azerbaijan azerbaijani belgium flemish french belgian united kingdom british croatia croatian denmark danish faroese teknmál estonia estonian finland finnish france ghardaia french lyons georgia georgian germany german greece greek hungary hungarian iceland icelandic ireland irish italy italian kosovo yugoslav kosovar latvia latvian lithuania lithuanian moldova russian netherlands dutch north macedonia macedonian northern ireland northern ireland norway norwegian poland polish portugal portuguese russia russian slovenia slovenian spain catalan spanish valencian sweden swedish switzerland swiss german turkey central taurus ctsl oti̇d mardin turkish ukraine ukrainian north and central america belize belizean canada american asl black asl protactile hand talk oneida osl plateau inuit iur maritime msl sawmill quebec cayman old cayman costa rica bribri brunca old costa rican new costa rican cuba cuban greenland greenlandic ussersuataarneq guatemala guatemalan mayan haiti haitian honduras bay islands honduran mexico albarradas chatino mayan mexican nicaragua nicaraguan panama chiriqui panamanian puerto rico usa american asl puerto rican orocovis el salvador salvadoran lesso old salvadoran united states american asl black asl protactile hand talk oneida osl plateau henniker keresan keresign martha s vineyard navajo family sandy river valley sawmill oceania australia akitiri eltye eltyarrenke arrernte iltyeme iltyeme auslan australian irish manjiljarra mudbura mudburra ngada umpila far north queensland warlmanpa warlpiri rdaka rdaka warumungu warramunga western desert western torres strait islander yir yoront yolŋu hawaii usa hawaiʻan haoilona ʻōlelo new zealand new zealand nzsl papua new guinea enga kailge mehek mount avejaha papua new guinean pngsl rossel island sinasina wanib samoa and american samoa samoan south america argentina argentine lsa bolivia bolivian brazil brazilian libras cena ka apor south rupununi terena chile chilean colombia colombian provisle ecuador ecuadorian guyana guyanese south rupununi paraguay paraguayan peru carhuahuaran inmaculada peruvian sivia suriname kajana uruguay uruguayan venezuela venezuelan international international sign makaton monastic signalong asl grammar idioms literature profanity name signs extinct languages chilmark diyari jaralde kalkutungu henniker sign language martha s vineyard old french old kent plateau sign language pitha pitha sandy river valley sign language warluwara linguistics grammar asl bimodal bilingualism phonology asl handshape location orientation movement expression mouthing nonmanual feature sign names home sign fingerspelling american british two handed catalan chilean esperanto french german hungarian irish japanese korean polish russian serbo croatian spanish ukrainian portuguese writing asl phabet hamburg notation system stokoe notation signwriting si5s aslwrite language contact contact sign initialized sign mouthing signed oral languages indian signing system manually coded english manually coded language in south africa manually coded malay paget gorman sign system signed dutch signed french signed german signed italian signed japanese signed polish signed spanish signing exact english signed swedish others bilingual bicultural education manually coded language media films list television shows list persons jabbar baghtcheban jeanette berglind pär aron borg thomas braidwood laurent clerc abbé de l épée roger fouts valerie sutton thomas gallaudet abbé sicard william stokoe pierre pélissier organisations association of visual language interpreters of canada international center on deafness and the arts theater of mimicry and gesture world association of sign language interpreters miscellaneous baby sign chci chimpanzee center washoe loulis open outcry legal recognition u s army hand and arm signals monastic sign languages tactile signing protactile tic tac a sign language names reflect the region of origin natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region for example french sign language originated in france but is not relate...