Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

nonmanual, feature, contents, purpose, form, types, recognition, in, academia, references, lexical, phrasal, discourse,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (92), sign (87), and (54), language (51), languages (37), #nonmanual (34), features (25), for (22), asl (19), are (18), american (17), not (16), signed (16), manual (15), french (13), signs (13), can (13), old (12), edit (12), from (11), feature (9), with (9), german (9), south (9), new (9), meaning (9), expressions (9), use (8), spoken (8), russian (8), journal (8), facial (8), wikipedia (7), this (7), isbn (7), used (7), example (7), other (7), north (7), cite (7), doi (7), that (7), same (6), english (6), hand (6), polish (6), mouthing (6), talk (6), rican (6), head (6), have (6), contact (5), may (5), using (5), non (5), page (5), linguistics (5), related (5), but (5), these (5), recognition (5), stokoe (5), manually (5), swedish (5), japanese (5), korean (5), irish (5), british (5), expression (5), grammar (5), auslan (5), costa (5), issn (5), functions (5), through (5), they (5), also (5), many (5), body (5), contents (4), search (4), cs1 (4), has (4), requires (4), retrieved (4), region (4), family (4), information (4), bsl (4), protactile (4), signing (4), international (4), visual (4), list (4), coded (4), spanish (4), italian (4), dutch (4), system (4), hungarian (4), chilean (4), two (4), movement (4), pitha (4), plateau (4), western (4), rdaka (4), iltyeme (4), oneida (4), osl (4), cayman (4), ireland (4), ghardaia (4), thai (4), african (4), mixed (4), components (4), help (4), turn (4), discourse (4), cambridge (4), s2cid (4), types (4), lexical (4), hands (4), signer (4), which (4), expressed (4), including (4), eyebrows (4), main (4), necessary (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), toggle (3), view (3), was (3), periodical (3), url (3), articles (3), all (3), different (3), names (3), france (3), both (3), however (3), number (3), association (3), william (3), thomas (3), education (3), africa (3), portuguese (3), ukrainian (3), croatian (3), catalan (3), orientation (3), location (3), handshape (3), sandy (3), river (3), valley (3), martha (3), vineyard (3), henniker (3), uruguayan (3), paraguayan (3), rupununi (3), guyanese (3), lsa (3), island (3), papua (3), guinean (3), zealand (3), ʻōlelo (3), australian (3), sawmill (3), black (3), salvadoran (3), puerto (3), mexican (3), msl (3), inuit (3), central (3), northern (3), danish (3), belgian (3), sri (3), singapore (3), saudi (3), iraqi (3), indonesian (3), bengali (3), hong (3), kong (3), chinese (3), são (3), tomé (3), rwandan (3), bura (3), cape (3), shuwa (3), ksl (3), tsl (3), deaf (3), pmid (3), studies (3), taking (3), press (3), 2022 (3), role (3), shifting (3), 978 (3), cross (3), 2018 (3), grammatical (3), 2013 (3), some (3), done (3), one (3), their (3), person (3), mouth (3), function (3), part (3), eyes (3), because (3), form (3), place (3), setting (3), refers (3), way (3), understand (3), here (3), tools (3), table (2), statement (2), legal (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), text (2), terms (2), categories (2), maint (2), errors (2), missing (2), unsourced (2), statements (2), 2017 (2), short (2), description (2), wikidata (2), org (2), natural (2), originated (2), conversely (2), indicate (2), extinct (2), monastic (2), open (2), center (2), interpreters (2), gesture (2), canada (2), abbé (2), sutton (2), paget (2), gorman (2), signwriting (2), notation (2), writing (2), phonology (2), warluwara (2), kalkutungu (2), jaralde (2), diyari (2), chilmark (2), venezuelan (2), uruguay (2), kajana (2), sivia (2), peruvian (2), inmaculada (2), carhuahuaran (2), paraguay (2), ecuadorian (2), provisle (2), terena (2), apor (2), cena (2), brazilian (2), libras (2), bolivian (2), argentine (2), america (2), samoan (2), samoa (2), wanib (2), sinasina (2), rossel (2), pngsl (2), mount (2), avejaha (2), mehek (2), kailge (2), enga (2), guinea (2), nzsl (2), usa (2), yolŋu (2), yir (2), yoront (2), torres (2), strait (2), islander (2), desert (2), warramunga (2), warlmanpa (2), far (2), queensland (2), umpila (2), mudburra (2), manjiljarra (2), eltye (2), eltyarrenke (2), navajo (2), keresan (2), keresign (2), united (2), orocovis (2), panamanian (2), chiriqui (2), nicaraguan (2), mayan (2), chatino (2), albarradas (2), honduran (2), bay (2), islands (2), guatemalan (2), greenlandic (2), ussersuataarneq (2), cuban (2), brunca (2), bribri (2), quebec (2), maritime (2), iur (2), belizean (2), turkish (2), mardin (2), taurus (2), ctsl (2), oti̇d (2), swiss (2), valencian (2), slovenian (2), norwegian (2), macedonian (2), netherlands (2), lithuanian (2), latvian (2), yugoslav (2), kosovar (2), icelandic (2), greek (2), georgian (2), finnish (2), finland (2), estonian (2), faroese (2), teknmál (2), flemish (2), azerbaijani (2), austrian (2), armenian (2), ban (2), khor (2), pasa (2), kidd (2), chiangmai (2), bangkok (2), tibetan (2), bökyi (2), lagda (2), taiwanese (2), taiwan (2), lankan (2), filipino (2), maunabudhuk (2), bodhe (2), jumla (2), jhankot (2), ghandruk (2), mongolian (2), maldives (2), penang (2), malaysian (2), laotian (2), kazakh (2), miyakubo (2), kafr (2), israeli (2), sayyid (2), bedouin (2), qahveh (2), khaneh (2), esharani (2), kata (2), kolok (2), naga (2), indo (2), pakistani (2), alipur (2), hksl (2), cambodian (2), zambian (2), ugandan (2), tanzanian (2), somali (2), príncipean (2), lgstp (2), magajin (2), gari (2), mgsl (2), ibokun (2), ibsl (2), hausa (2), magannar (2), hannu (2), akure (2), aksl (2), mozambican (2), tebul (2), berbey (2), bamako (2), lasima (2), malawian (2), kenyan (2), bouakako (2), lasibo (2), nanabin (2), adamorobe (2), adasl (2), mumu (2), kasa (2), verdian (2), lgc (2), maroua (2), algerian (2), ethiopian (2), ysl (2), west (2), lsv (2), usl (2), lsm (2), jamaican (2), creole (2), hsl (2), hawaiʻi (2), hoailona (2), lsc (2), hai (2), phong (2), fsl (2), maya (2), meemul (2), kentish (2), czech (2), lsf (2), levantine (2), families (2), link (2), resources (2), evaluation (2), structure (2), systems (2), right (2), baker (2), charlotte (2), perspectives (2), rachel (2), university (2), linguistic (2), quer (2), josep (2), shift (2), first (2), acquisition (2), gruyter (2), 2021 (2), 655168 (2), pmc (2), 1664 (2), 1078 (2), 3389 (2), fpsyg (2), frontiers (2), psychology (2), based (2), references (2), writings (2), were (2), awareness (2), them (2), grammaticised (2), individual (2), more (2), researchers (2), largely (2), when (2), signify (2), academia (2), such (2), eye (2), gaze (2), formed (2), instance (2), tongue (2), means (2), similar (2), produced (2), raised (2), questions (2), clauses (2), negation (2), phrasal (2), being (2), cheeks (2), simultaneously (2), translated (2), user (2), utterance (2), contrastive (2), lip (2), side (2), addition (2), without (2), angry (2), furrowed (2), extra (2), postures (2), need (2), general (2), any (2), get (2), needed (2), purpose (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), links (2), history (2), read (2), article (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statistics, developers, code, conduct, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, under, additional, apply, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, wikimedia, foundation, inc, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, september, 2026, utc, hidden, december, https, index, php, title, nonmanual_feature, oldid, 1372529843, reflect, origin, speaking, countries, each, italics, denotes, known, within, further, given, tic, tac, tactile, army, arm, signals, outcry, loulis, washoe, chci, chimpanzee, baby, miscellaneous, world, theater, mimicry, deafness, arts, organisations, pierre, pélissier, sicard, gallaudet, valerie, roger, fouts, épée, laurent, clerc, braidwood, pär, aron, borg, jeanette, berglind, jabbar, baghtcheban, persons, television, shows, films, media, bilingual, bicultural, others, exact, malay, indian, oral, initialized, aslwrite, si5s, hamburg, phabet, serbo, esperanto, handed, fingerspelling, home, bimodal, bilingualism, kent, name, profanity, literature, idioms, signalong, makaton, venezuela, suriname, peru, guyana, ecuador, colombian, colombia, chile, brazil, bolivia, argentina, hawaiʻan, haoilona, hawaii, warumungu, warlpiri, ngada, mudbura, arrernte, akitiri, australia, oceania, states, lesso, salvador, rico, panama, nicaragua, mexico, honduras, haitian, haiti, guatemala, greenland, cuba, rica, belize, ukraine, turkey, switzerland, sweden, spain, slovenia, russia, portugal, poland, norway, macedonia, moldova, lithuania, latvia, kosovo, italy, iceland, hungary, greece, germany, georgia, lyons, estonia, denmark, croatia, kingdom, belgium, azerbaijan, austria, armenia, europe, vietnamese, vietnam, thailand, tibet, tajikistan, lanka, arabia, philippines, nepalese, nepal, mongolia, selangor, malaysia, laos, kazakhstan, korea, koniya, japan, qasem, israel, kurdish, iraq, iranian, iran, benkala, balinese, indonesia, india, china, cambodia, bengal, asia, zambia, uganda, tanzania, somalia, somaliland, djibouti, mbour, senegal, príncipe, amarenga, rwanda, nigeria, mozambique, mali, malawi, kenya, ivory, coast, ghana, verde, cameroon, algeria, village, zimsign, 150, sudanese, amami, groupings, zsl, yoruban, nanabinsl, mofu, gudur, burasl, vsl, ti̇d, trinidad, tobago, ttsl, lse, sssl, lessa, akr, amr, rennellese, lsp, persian, ottoman, seraglio, harem, lsor, nksl, joseon, suhwa, isn, diné, burkina, mossi, bour, mauritian, maltese, country, konchri, sain, kisindo, pueblo, kpisl, ssl, lak, qasim, uukturausingit, bissau, lensegua, ajsl, lsec, dogon, douentza, bhutanese, caucasian, harsneren, albanian, albsl, absl, afghan, isolates, providence, providencia, namibian, nsl, original, shassi, pjm, dgs, viittomakieli, teckenspråk, lgp, finssl, eritrean, erisl, sasl, fijian, nisl, banzsl, eurosign, yucatec, cepeda, peraza, trascorral, nohya, nohkop, chicán, highland, tziij, aab, mvsl, shouyu, hanguk, sueo, jsl, nihon, punjab, sindh, frontier, province, nepali, delhi, calcutta, bombay, beluchistan, bangalore, madras, sqeliz, shuswap, secwepemcékst, nesilextcl, ktunaxa, qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam, kalispel, aninin, southwest, southeast, plains, northeast, great, basin, mstsl, chi, minh, hanoi, viet, tegnsprog, tegnspråk, táknmál, malagasy, tegnic, lsfb, vgt, lesho, tunisian, lis, gambian, ngt, serbian, hzj, yugoslavic, ржя, lsl, krsl, bulgarian, бже, ai̇d, ужм, slovak, spj, ögs, magyar, jelnyev, čzj, austro, lsq, cypriot, κνγ, kng, ενγ, eng, chsl, sierra, leonean, nigerian, moroccan, ghanaian, chadian, francophone, françafrosign, yogyakarta, jakarta, bisindo, nusantaric, sgsl, prsl, bim, dominican, mandalay, yangon, burmese, basl, aslic, romanian, lsr, isl, eesti, viipekeel, dsgs, francosign, lsu, lspy, lsch, shanghai, macau, csl, zgs, omani, emirati, possible, syrian, palestinian, lebanese, jordanian, yemeni, qatari, unified, libyan, kuwaiti, egyptian, arab, ishaaric, meriam, zendath, kesign, ngaatjatjarra, kartutjarra, yan, nhaŋu, worora, kinship, miriwoong, djingili, multiple, aboriginal, signers, mukushev, medet, sabyrov, arman, imashev, alfarabi, koishybay, kenessary, kimmelman, vadim, sandygulova, anara, 2020, marseille, european, 6078, 979, 95546, 6073, proceedings, 12th, conference, 2005, outline, communication, 15585746, 1081, 4159, 1093, deafed, eni001, filhol, michael, choisier, annick, hadjadj, mohamed, 1982, indifference, 1977, regulators, lynn, friedman, york, academic, 9780122678509, spence, bencie, woll, 1998, www, handspeak, com, how, buchstaller, isabelle, alphen, ingrid, van, 2012, john, benjamins, publishing, 272, 7479, quotatives, disciplinary, 282, 69448938, 1613, 4060, 10230, 36020, hdl, 1515, 0020, 277, theoretical, categorizing, dennis, cokely, 1980, silver, spring, publishers, teacher, resource, culture, boudreault, patrick, mayberry, 2006, processing, age, effects, relation, syntactic, 635, 13572435, 1080, 01690960500139363, 608, cognitive, processes, bross, fabian, hole, daniel, 5334, gjgl, 106, glossa, scope, strategies, carbonell, carlo, cecchetto, rannveig, sverrisd, ãttir, eds, mouton, 1012688117, oclc, 5015, 1180, signgram, blueprint, guide, liddell, scott, 2003, bogliotti, caroline, isel, frederic, 34113290, 8185165, cues, access, evidence, picture, priming, paradigm, signbank, tomaszewski, piotr, 2010, matrix, 320, 932212, 289, alone, herrmann, annika, nonmanuals, study, ctvbkk221, jstor, modal, focus, particles, reilly, judy, snitzer, mcintire, marina, bellugi, ursula, 1990, 392, 146327328, 1469, 1817, 1017, s0142716400009632, 369, applied, psycholinguistics, conditionals, grammaticized, empty, web, aran, oya, burger, caplier, alice, akarun, lale, 2008, belief, sequential, fusion, approach, fusing, 2971052, rudge, luke, analysing, lens, systemic, functional, elliott, jacobs, 23482994, 3593340, 00115, emotions, until, 1990s, discussed, aspect, began, grow, 21st, century, discussion, research, become, common, partially, due, increased, automatic, technology, minimal, pair, early, hearing, ignored, 1960s, established, discuss, his, diacritics, six, meanings, regulated, since, addressee, conversation, must, watching, avoid, letting, looking, making, adjective, phrases, slightly, relaxed, visible, corner, carelessly, boring, unpleasant, frequently, grammatically, switches, between, individuals, quoting, tie, quoted, speech, pronouns, space, nonmanually, marking, shown, forward, tilt, similarly, pitch, rise, yes, conditional, topicalisation, relative, interrogation, intensifiers, benefit, time, puffed, large, better, gigantic, small, words, entirely, express, wishes, self, correct, rephrase, perhaps, best, mean, made, closing, shaking, does, rephrases, elements, lexically, yet, touch, lower, rotate, would, interpreted, late, mouthings, identical, doctor, battery, articulation, accompany, verbs, emotion, although, face, always, considered, taken, local, there, debate, whether, codeswitching, aspects, equivalents, holm, while, state, why, distinguish, described, having, majority, work, forming, giving, created, despite, literal, parts, generally, upper, half, various, movements, denotational, phonemes, pursed, lips, partly, closed, left, proper, formation, exist, reason, included, gestures, ones, give, receiver, still, across, clearly, people, utterances, aides, full, drastically, change, distinguished, only, impairments, autistic, sometimes, called, aside, those, grammars, serve, mood, often, served, five, along, major, component, inherent, citation, sig, tab, ori, dez, intonation, signal, syntax, redirected, marker, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, pdf, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, shortened, permanent, what, actions, ikinyarwanda, igbo, ελληνικά, deutsch, subsection, top, personal, special, pages, recent, community, portal, learn, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
onmanual features also do not function the same way as gestures which exist in both spoken and signed languages as nonmanual features are grammaticised 4 for this reason nonmanual features need to be included in signwriting systems form edit signs with two different expressions the pursed lips and partly closed eyes on the left and raised lip on the right are necessary for proper formation of the signs in sign languages the hands do the majority of the work forming phonemes and giving denotational meaning extra meaning however is created through the use of nonmanual features despite the literal meaning of manual not all signs that use other body parts are nonmanual features of the language and it generally refers to information expressed in the upper half of the body such as the head eyebrows eyes cheeks and mouth in various postures or movements 5 nonmanual features have two main aspects place and setting these are the nonmanual equivalents to holm handshape orientation location and movement in manual sign components place refers to the part of the body used while setting refers to the state it is in 6 for example the auslan sign for why has nonmanual features necessary to distinguish it from the sign because one of these nonmanual features can be described as having the place of eyebrows and the setting of furrowed 7 although it is done using the face mouthing is not always considered a nonmanual feature as it is not a natural feature of signed languages being taken from the local spoken language s 6 because of this there is debate as to whether mouthing is a sign language feature or a form of codeswitching 8 types edit lexical edit many lexical signs use nonmanual features in addition to the manual articulation for instance facial expressions may accompany verbs of emotion as in the sign for angry in czech sign language nonmanual elements can be lexically contrastive an example is the asl sign for not yet which requires that the tongue touch the lower lip and that the head rotate from side to side in addition to the manual part of the sign without these features the sign would be interpreted as late 9 mouthings can also be contrastive as in the manually identical signs for doctor and battery in sign language of the netherlands 10 in some languages a small number of words are formed entirely by nonmanual features for example in polish sign language a sign is used to express that the user wishes to self correct or rephrase an utterance perhaps best translated as i mean the sign is made by closing the eyes and shaking the head 6 because it does not use the hands this can be used simultaneously as the user rephrases their statement intensifiers can be expressed through nonmanual features as they have the benefit of being expressed at the same time as manual signs in auslan puffed cheeks can be used simultaneously with the manual sign large for a meaning better translated as gigantic nonmanual features are also a part of many sign names 3 phrasal edit many grammatical functions are produced nonmanually 11 including interrogation negation relative clauses and topicalisation and conditional clauses 12 asl and bsl use similar nonmanual marking for yes no questions they are shown through raised eyebrows and a forward head tilt 13 2 which function similarly to english s pitch rise in these questions 2 nonmanual features are frequently used to grammatically signify role shift which is when the signer switches between two or more individuals they are quoting 14 for example in german sign language this can be done by the signer using signing space to tie quoted speech to pronouns 15 it can also be expressed by gaze shifting or head shifting 16 adjective phrases can be formed using nonmanual features for instance in asl a slightly open mouth with the tongue relaxed and visible in the corner of the mouth means carelessly but a similar nonmanual in bsl means boring or unpleasant 17 discourse edit discourse functions such as turn taking are largely regulated through head movement and eye gaze since the addressee in a signed conversation must be watching the signer a signer can avoid letting the other person have a turn by not looking at them or can indicate that the other person may have a turn by making eye contact 18 recognition in academia edit in early studies of signed languages done by hearing researchers nonmanual features were largely ignored 19 in the 1960s william stokoe established a system of sign language phonology for american sign language and was one of the first researchers to discuss nonmanual features in his writings when he used diacritics to signify six different facial expressions based on their meanings in english 20 from stokoe s writings until the 1990s facial expressions were discussed in some studies on signed languages and awareness of them as a grammaticised aspect of signed languages began to grow 4 in the 21st century discussion of nonmanual signs in both research on individual languages and sign language education has become more common partially due to the increased awareness of minimal pair in automatic sign language recognition technology 21 references edit elliott ea jacobs am 2013 facial expressions emotions and sign languages frontiers in psychology 4 doi 10 3389 fpsyg 2013 00115 issn 1664 1078 pmc 3593340 pmid 23482994 1 2 3 rudge luke a 2018 08 03 analysing british sign language through the lens of systemic functional linguistics cite journal cite journal requires journal help 1 2 aran oya burger thomas caplier alice akarun lale 2008 a belief based sequential fusion approach for fusing manual and non manual signs s2cid 2971052 cite web missing or empty url help 1 2 reilly judy snitzer mcintire marina bellugi ursula 1990 the acquisition of conditionals in american sign language grammaticized facial expressions applied psycholinguistics 11 4 369 392 doi 10 1017 s0142716400009632 issn 1469 1817 s2cid 146327328 herrmann annika 2013 nonmanuals in sign languages modal and focus particles in sign languages a cross linguistic study 1 ed de gruyter pp 33 52 jstor j ctvbkk221 10 1 2 3 tomaszewski piotr 2010 01 01 not by the hands alone functions of non manual features in polish sign language matrix pp 289 320 isbn 978 83 932212 0 2 retrieved 2022 04 04 signbank auslan org au retrieved 2022 04 02 bogliotti caroline isel frederic 2021 manual and spoken cues in french sign language s lexical access evidence from mouthing in a sign picture priming paradigm frontiers in psychology 12 655168 doi 10 3389 fpsyg 2021 655168 issn 1664 1078 pmc 8185165 pmid 34113290 liddell scott k 2003 grammar gesture and meaning in american sign language cambridge cambridge university press josep quer i carbonell carlo cecchetto rannveig sverrisd ãttir eds 2017 signgram blueprint a guide to sign language grammar writing de gruyter mouton isbn 978 1 5015 1180 6 oclc 1012688117 bross fabian hole daniel scope taking strategies in german sign language glossa 2 1 1 30 doi 10 5334 gjgl 106 boudreault patrick mayberry rachel i 2006 grammatical processing in american sign language age of first language acquisition effects in relation to syntactic structure language and cognitive processes 21 5 608 635 doi 10 1080 01690960500139363 s2cid 13572435 baker charlotte and dennis cokely 1980 american sign language a teacher s resource text on grammar and culture silver spring md t j publishers quer josep 2018 10 01 on categorizing types of role shift in sign languages theoretical linguistics 44 3 4 277 282 doi 10 1515 tl 2018 0020 hdl 10230 36020 issn 1613 4060 s2cid 69448938 buchstaller isabelle alphen ingrid van 2012 05 01 quotatives cross linguistic and cross disciplinary perspectives john benjamins publishing isbn 978 90 272 7479 3 how to use role shifting in american sign language www handspeak com retrieved 2022 04 14 sutton spence rachel and bencie woll 1998 the linguistics of british sign language cambridge cambridge university press baker charlotte 1977 regulators and turn taking in american sign language discourse in lynn friedman on the other hand new perspectives on american sign language new york academic press isbn 9780122678509 filhol michael choisier annick hadjadj mohamed 1982 05 31 non manual features the right to indifference cite journal cite journal requires journal help stokoe william c jr 2005 01 01 sign language structure an outline of the visual communication systems of the american deaf the journal of deaf studies and deaf education 10 1 3 37 doi 10 1093 deafed eni001 issn 1081 4159 pmid 15585746 mukushev medet sabyrov arman imashev alfarabi koishybay kenessary kimmelman vadim sandygulova anara 2020 evaluation of manual and non manual components for sign language recognition proceedings of the 12th language resources and evaluation conference marseille france european language resources association 6073 6078 isbn 979 10 95546 34 4 cite journal cs1 maint periodical has isbn link v t e sign language list of sign languages list by number of signers language families a sign languages by family australian aboriginal multiple families c diyari djingili eltye eltyarrenke iltyeme iltyeme jaralde kalkutungu miriwoong mudburra pitha pitha rdaka rdaka umpila far north queensland warlmanpa warluwara warramunga worora kinship yan nhaŋu yir yoront yolŋu western desert kartutjarra manjiljarra ngaatjatjarra zendath kesign meriam western torres strait islander arab ishaaric egyptian kuwaiti libyan qatari unified yemeni iraqi levantine iraqi levantine jordanian lebanese palestinian syrian possible emirati saudi omani chinese sign chinese csl zgs shanghai hong kong hksl macau chilean paraguayan uruguayan sign chilean lsch paraguayan uruguayan sign paraguay lspy uruguay lsu francosign algerian lsa swiss german dsgs estonian eesti viipekeel irish isl australian irish brazilian libras lithuanian catalan lsc valencian lsv french lsf old french c romanian lsr american aslic american asl black asl basl protactile bolivian burmese yangon mandalay cambodian costa rican dominican guyanese jamaican malaysian bim panamanian filipino fsl puerto rican prsl singapore sgsl indonesian nusantaric indonesian bisindo jakarta yogyakarta francophone african françafrosign ethiopian chadian ghanaian guinean bamako lasima moroccan nigerian sierra leonean mixed hand talk oneida osl mixed hoailona ʻōlelo creole hawaiʻi sign language chsl mixed french lsf greek ενγ eng cypriot κνγ kng quebec lsq austro hungarian czech čzj hungarian magyar jelnyev austrian ögs slovak spj ukrainian ужм usl russian sign azerbaijani ai̇d bulgarian бже georgian kazakh russian ksl krsl latvian lsl mongolian russian ржя yugoslavic sign croatian hzj kosovar serbian slovenian yugoslav ysl dutch sign dutch ngt gambian italian sign italian lis tunisian tsl mexican sign mexican lsm honduran lesho old belgian flemish vgt french belgian lsfb danish tegnic malagasy icelandic táknmál norwegian tegnspråk danish tegnsprog faroese teknmál viet thai hai phong hanoi ho chi minh thai tsl mstsl hand talk great basin northeast plains sign talk southeast southwest mixed american asl oneida osl plateau a aninin kalispel ktunaxa ʾa qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam nesilextcl n shuswap secwepemcékst sqeliz indo pakistani sign bangalore madras beluchistan bengali bombay calcutta delhi nepali north west frontier province punjab sindh japanese sign japanese jsl nihon shuwa korean ksl hanguk sueo taiwanese tsl taiwan shouyu kentish c old kentish chilmark martha s vineyard mvsl maya meemul tziij meemul ch aab al highland maya yucatec chicán nohkop nohya trascorral cepeda peraza nw eurosign banzsl auslan papua new guinean pngsl british bsl northern ireland nisl fijian fsl maritime msl new zealand nzsl samoan south african sasl swedish sign eritrean erisl finland swedish finssl portuguese lgp cape verdian lgc são tomé and príncipean lgstp swedish teckenspråk finnish viittomakieli german sign german dgs polish pjm israeli shassi original thai sign chiangmai hai phong old bangkok paget gorman namibian nsl providencia cayman sign providence island provisle old cayman guyanese isolates afghan akure aksl al sayyid bedouin absl albanian albsl albarradas sign language alipur argentine lsa armenian caucasian harsneren c bay islands belizean berbey bhutanese bouakako lasibo bribri brunca bura carhuahuaran cena central taurus ctsl oti̇d chatino chiriqui cuban lsc dogon douentza ecuadorian lsec enga ghandruk ghardaia ajsl guatemalan lensegua guinea bissau henniker c hausa hsl magannar hannu hawaiʻi hoailona ʻōlelo creole hsl ibokun ibsl inuit inuit uukturausingit iur greenlandic ussersuataarneq jhankot jumla ka apor kajana kafr qasim kailge kata kolok kenyan ksl lak somali ssl keresan pueblo kpisl keresign kisindo jamaican country ks konchri sain macedonian magajin gari mgsl malawian maltese lsm mardin maroua maunabudhuk bodhe mauritian msl m bour mehek miyakubo shuwa burkina mossi mount avejaha mozambican naga navajo diné family nicaraguan isn north korean nksl joseon suhwa old costa rican orocovis lsor ottoman seraglio harem ban khor pasa kidd penang persian esharani peruvian lsp inmaculada qahveh khaneh rennellese c rossel island rwandan akr amr sandy river valley c salvadoran lessa sawmill sinasina sssl sivia south rupununi spanish lse tebul terena tibetan bökyi lagda trinidad and tobago ttsl turkish ti̇d ugandan usl venezuelan lsv vsl wanib west african adamorobe adasl mumu kasa bura burasl mofu gudur nanabin nanabinsl yoruban ysl zambian zsl other groupings amami shuwa languages ethiopian languages laotian languages rwandan languages sri lankan languages sudanese languages 150 b tanzanian languages 7 b zimsign languages international sign village languages by region a sign languages by region africa algeria algerian ghardaia cameroon maroua cape verde cape verdian lgc ghana adamorobe adasl mumu kasa nanabin ivory coast bouakako lasibo kenya kenyan malawi malawian mali bamako lasima berbey tebul mozambique mozambican nigeria akure aksl bura hausa magannar hannu ibokun ibsl magajin gari mgsl rwanda rwandan amarenga são tomé and príncipe são tomé and príncipean lgstp senegal mbour somalia somaliland djibouti somali south africa south african tanzania tanzanian uganda ugandan zambia zambian asia bengal bengali cambodia cambodian china chinese hong kong hong kong hksl india alipur bengali indo pakistani naga indonesia indonesian kata kolok benkala balinese iran iranian esharani qahveh khaneh iraq iraqi kurdish israel al sayyid bedouin ghardaia israeli kafr qasem japan japanese koniya miyakubo korea north korean south korean kazakhstan kazakh russian laos laotian malaysia malaysian penang selangor maldives maldives mongolia mongolian nepal ghandruk jhankot jumla maunabudhuk bodhe nepalese philippines filipino saudi arabia saudi singapore singapore sri lanka sri lankan taiwan taiwanese tajikistan russian tibet tibetan bökyi lagda thailand old bangkok chiangmai thai ban khor pasa kidd vietnam vietnamese europe armenia armenian austria aust...