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iracles the miraculous events must be connected with some truth claim in the name of god the miraculous events must be unique a predictive element is helpful in confirming a divine claim in miracles and the modern mind geisler takes the above criteria and presents the following argument 49 only christianity has unique miracle claims confirmed by sufficient testimony what has unique miraculous confirmation of its claims is true as opposed to contrary views therefore christianity is true as opposed to contrary views criticism of c s lewis edit geisler was a critic of c s lewis higher critical view of the miracles recorded in the old testament claiming lewis relegated many old testament miracles to the realm of myth 50 in is man the measure geisler provides c s lewis writings as an example of christian humanism in which lewis views on the old testament and its miracles are also subject to criticism 51 theology edit geisler was an evangelical scholar who wrote a four volume systematic theology which was later condensed into a 1 660 page one volume tome and subsequently republished in four volumes in 2025 52 53 biblical inerrancy edit geisler defended the full inerrancy of the bible being one of the co founders and framers of the chicago statement on biblical inerrancy 1978 and editor of the book inerrancy zondervan 1978 his notoriety as a defender of the bible started to grow after co authoring with william nix general introduction to the bible moody press 1968 1986 54 and from god to us revised moody 1974 2012 55 he co authored defending inerrancy with william roach baker 2013 56 and proceeded to start the blogsite defending inerrancy with william roach and others he wrote the foreword to the book explaining biblical inerrancy a compilation which includes the chicago statements on biblical inerrancy biblical hermeneutics and biblical application the official icbi commentary on the statement on biblical inerrancy by r c sproul and the official icbi commentary on the statement on biblical hermeneutics authored by geisler the last book geisler wrote on the subject was preserving orthodoxy in which he explains how to maintain continuity with the historic christian faith on scripture and gives his perspective on the inerrancy related controversies in which he had been engaged with robert gundry clark pinnock and michael licona 57 calvinism edit geisler considered himself a moderate calvinist as expressed in his book chosen but free harvest house 2001 and systematic theology in one volume harvest house 2012 58 geisler in his book chosen but free distinguishes his moderate calvinism in many ways from more extreme views of calvinism he summarizes his view of the five points of calvinism as follows 59 tulip extreme calvinism moderate calvinism total depravity destructive corruptive unconditional election unconditional for both man and god unconditional for god conditional for man limited atonement limited to the elect limited in result made for all men irresistible grace compulsive persuasive perseverance of the saints no saint will die in sin no saint will be lost even if he dies in sin this form of moderate calvinism has been taught by multiple dispensational calvinists such as lewis sperry chafer john walvoord and charles ryrie norman geisler argued that his view of election strongly resembles that of thomas aquinas 59 election edit norman geisler spoke of election being in according with god s foreknowledge instead of being based on his foreknowledge and is additionally unconditional for god but conditional for man to explain how he understood his doctrine of election geisler used the illustration of a young man contemplating on potentially proposing to one of two ladies the man chooses to propose to the first lady because he knew that she would respond to the action while he does not propose to the second woman because he knew that she would not respond geisler thus believed that god effectually calls those whom he knows will respond to this call 60 perseverance of the saints edit geisler also distinguished his view of the perseverance of the saints from the extreme calvinist view geisler believed an elect person would not be lost even if they die in sin and he strongly protested against the view that a person cannot be sure that he is one of the elect until he gets to heaven unlike some calvinists geisler understood warnings in the new testament such as that in hebrews 10 as pertaining to a loss of eternal rewards instead of speaking of false believers 61 dispensationalism edit norman geisler believed in dispensational premillennialism however he criticized progressive dispensationalism ultradispensationalism and hyperdispensationalism contrary to progressive dispensationalism s rejection of the human author s meaning in biblical exegesis geisler affirmed that although god knows more about the topic and sees more implications in any given text the text cannot mean more than the human author intended 62 other views edit geisler has been associated with the free grace movement alongside lewis sperry chafer and miles stanford 63 geisler articulated a moderate free grace view in his systematic theology vol 3 as opposed to what he described as the lordship salvation and extreme free grace positions 64 he also strongly advocated for the classical form of divine simplicity arguing that god s attributes are identical to his essence 65 philosophy edit geisler was a self described evangelical thomist as it pertained to his philosophical commitments 66 in the first volume of his systematic theology geisler affirms thomism as superior to atomism platonism and aristotelianism as it pertains to their respective responses to the parmenidean dilemma of the one and the many 67 geisler further evaluated thomism in light of evangelical christianity as well as the compatibility between the two in his work thomas aquinas an evangelical appraisal 68 when interviewed by christianity today in 2002 geisler gave his evaluation of thomas aquinas which was juxtaposed by christianity today against ronald nash s previous 1974 article wherein nash described aquinas as unsuitable for a biblically centered christian philosophy 69 70 71 geisler also held that a consistent thomist need not be a roman catholic and that thomism did not necessarily lead to catholicism a claim which geisler s contemporaries such as r c sproul also held 66 72 73 ethics edit geisler wrote two significant books on ethics christian ethics 74 and the christian love ethic 75 he provided his perspective on ethical options abortion infanticide euthanasia biomedical issues capital punishment war civil disobedience sexual issues homosexuality marriage and divorce ecology animal rights drugs gambling pornography birth control and more of the six major ethical systems antinomianism situationalism generalism unqualified absolutism conflicting absolutism and graded absolutism geisler advocated graded absolutism which is a theory of moral absolutism which affirms that in moral conflicts we are obligated to perform the higher moral duty 76 moral absolutism is the ethical view that certain actions are absolutely right or wrong regardless of other contexts such as their consequences or the intentions behind them graded absolutism is moral absolutism but clarifies that a moral absolute like do not kill can be greater or lesser than another moral absolute like do not lie graded absolutism is also called contextual absolutism but is not to be confused with situational ethics the conflict is resolved in acting according to the greater absolute that is why graded absolutism is also called the greater good view but is not to be confused with utilitarianism 77 see also prima facie right geisler believed the american revolution was not justified by the standards of either the bible or just war theory however he was not a pacifist believing that defensive wars are justified but revolutions are not 78 works edit the following is a list of books authored co authored or edited by norman geisler 79 a general introduction to the bible moody 1968 christ the theme of the bible moody 1968 bastion books 2012 ethics alternatives and issues zondervan 1971 the christian ethic of love zondervan 1973 philosophy of religion zondervan 1974 from god to us moody 1974 to understand the bible look for jesus 1975 reprint and retitle of christ the theme of the bible christian apologetics baker 1976 a popular survey of the old testament baker 1977 the roots of evil zondervan 1978 second edition zondervan 1981 inerrancy zondervan 1979 introduction to philosophy a christian perspective baker 1980 options in contemporary christian ethics baker 1981 biblical errancy its philosophical roots zondervan 1981 bastion books 2013 decide for yourself how history views the bible zondervan 1982 the creator in the courtroom scopes ii the 1981 arkansas creation evolution trial baker 1982 what augustine says baker 1982 bastion books 2013 is man the measure an evaluation of contemporary humanism baker 1983 cosmos carl sagan s religion for the scientific mind quest 1983 religion of the force quest 1983 to drink or not to drink a sober look at the problem quest 1984 perspectives understanding and evaluating today s world views here s life 1984 christianity under attack quest 1985 false gods of our time a defense of the christian faith harvest house 1985 a general introduction to the bible second edition revised and expanded moody 1986 third edition with revisions and expansion underway as of 2019 with projected publish date in 2021 reincarnation sensation tyndale 1986 origin science baker 1987 philosophy of religion expansion and revision of 5 baker 1988 bastion books 2021 signs and wonders tyndale 1988 bastion books 2019 worlds apart a handbook on world views baker reprint and retitle of 22 knowing the truth about creation servant 1989 bastion books 2013 the infiltration of the new age tyndale 1989 the battle for the resurrection thomas nelson 1989 bastion books 2013 apologetics in the new age baker 1990 come let us reason an introduction to logical thinking baker 1990 when skeptics ask a handbook on christian evidences baker 1990 2013 gambling a bad bet fleming h revel 1990 bastion books 2013 the life and death debate greenwood 1990 in defense of the resurrection quest 1991 bastion books 2015 thomas aquinas an evangelical appraisal baker 1991 matters of life and death calm answers to tough questions baker 1991 miracles and the modern mind a defense of biblical miracles baker 1992 bastion books 2012 when critics ask a handbook on bible difficulties victor 1992 answering islam baker 1993 roman catholics and evangelicals agreements and differences baker 1995 love is always right word 1996 creating god in the image of man bethany 1997 when cultists ask baker 1997 the counterfeit gospel of mormonism harvest house 1998 legislating morality bethany 1998 baker s encyclopedia of christian apologetics baker 1999 chosen but free a balanced view of god s sovereignty and free will bethany 1999 unshakable foundations bethany 2001 why i am a christian leading thinkers explain why they believe baker 2001 the battle for god responding to the challenge of neotheism kregel 2001 living loud defending your faith broadman holman 2002 answering islam updated and revised bethany 2002 who made god zondervan 2003 is your church ready motivating leaders to live an apologetic life zondervan 2003 i don t have enough faith to be an atheist crossway 2004 systematic theology vol 1 bethany 2002 systematic theology vol 2 bethany 2003 systematic theology vol 3 bethany 2004 systematic theology vol 4 bethany 2005 bringing your faith to work answers for break room skeptics baker 2005 correcting the cults expert responses to their scripture twisting baker 2005 reprint of why i am a christian leading thinkers explain why they believe revised for baker 2006 integrity at work finding your ethical compass in a post enron world baker 2007 creation and the courts eighty years of conflict in the classroom and the courtroom crossway 2007 a popular survey of the new testament baker 2007 love your neighbor thinking wisely about right and wrong crossway 2007 reasons for faith making a case for the christian faith crossway 2007 conviction without compromise standing strong in the core beliefs of the christian faith harvest house 2008 the apologetics of jesus a caring approach to dealing with doubters baker 2008 conversational evangelism harvest house 2008 is rome the true church crossway 2008 the big book of bible difficulties baker 2008 reprint of 43 making sense of bible difficulties baker 2009 abridgement of 43 chosen but free a balanced view of god s sovereignty and free will third edition revised and expanded bethany 2010 christian ethics second edition baker 2010 if god why evil bethany 2011 systematic theology in one volume bethany 2011 defending inerrancy affirming the accuracy of scriptures for a new generation baker 2012 revision and expansion underway as of 2019 by bill roach will include much of norm s thought and writings on the defense of inerrancy between 2011 and 2019 reasons for belief easy to understand answers to 10 essential questions bethany 2012 reasons for belief study guide bastion books 2014 a popular handbook of biblical archaeology discoveries that confirm the reliability of scripture bethany 2012 the big book of christian apologetics baker 2012 minor revision of the baker encyclopedia of christian apologetics christian apologetics revised baker 2012 twelve points that show christianity is true ngim 2012 explaining biblical inerrancy the chicago statements on biblical inerrancy hermeneutics and application with official icbi commentary bastion books 2013 the christian ethic of love 2012 a minor revision of 4 from god to us moody 2012 a major revision and update of 6 with some additions from 25 is the pope infallible a look at the evidence bastion books 2012 the roots of evil third edition bastion books 2013 a minor revision of 4 should believers make ashes of themselves cremation the burning question bastion 2013 should old aquinas be forgotten bastion books 2013 revision and expansion of 37 the atheist s fatal flaw baker 2014 the jesus quest the danger from within xulon 2014 the bible s answer to 100 of life s biggest questions baker 2015 the shack helpful or hurtful bastion books 2011 teacher s guide to twelve points that show christianity is true ngim 2012 beware of philosophy bastion books 2012 a history of western philosophy vol 1 ancient and medieval bastion books 2012 a history of western philosophy vol 2 modern and contemporary bastion books 2012 a handbook on world views a catalogue for worldview shoppers bastion books 2013 a minor revision of worlds apart biblical inerrancy the historical evidence bastion books 2013 a minor revision of 15 what in cremation is going on bastion books 2014 abridgement of 86 the official study guide to 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