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oblique foliation wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 description of the structure 2 formation of the structure 3 occurrence 4 theoretical considerations 5 importance 6 references 7 sources toggle the table of contents oblique foliation 2 languages deutsch français edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia physical attribute in geology in geology oblique foliation steady state foliation or oblique fabric is a special type of a tectonically produced foliation or fabric most commonly in quartz rich layers the microtectonic structure can be used to determine the shear sense in shear zones and their associated rocks usually mylonites description of the structure edit diagram showing a quartz rich layer in a dextral shear zone developing an oblique foliation the geometrical relationships of the fabric elements are indicated oblique foliation is mainly encountered in shear zones where it forms as a result of the shearing deformations within the affected zone as the name implies this foliation fabric takes on an oblique attitude to the shear zone boundary i e the fabric attractor and internal layering usually an angle of about 20 40 or less in some shear zones even angles less than 5 are reported yet angles steeper than 45 are also known a closer look reveals that the foliation fabric is created by the parallel arrangement of a multitude of similar oriented small grains which are slightly elongated in the foliation direction 1 oblique foliation thus represents primarily a shape preferred orientation spo in their geometrical arrangement oblique foliations are somewhat similar to type i s c fabric in which the elongated grain fabric becomes a true schistosity foliation occasionally mica fish get incorporated into oblique foliations this structure has been called type ii s c fabric by lister snoke 1984 formation of the structure edit oblique foliation is a fabric that has achieved a steady state but does not represent the total accumulated strain the structure is thought to result from the interplay of passive flattening and rotation of grains in a non coaxial flow field on one hand and grain boundary migration destroying the developing shape fabric at the same time on the other hand the shearing deformation therefore is responsible for aligning the grains with the maximum extension direction of the incremental strain ellipsoid the instantaneous stretching axes or isa whereas the process of dynamic recrystallisation opposes this by forming new equidimensional grains free of strain by grain boundary migration in order to achieve strain free grains a part of the developing shape fabric simultaneously must be destroyed 2 hence during progressive deformation the foliation remains relatively stationary in orientation with respect to the kinematic frame of reference another consequence is that the orientations of an oblique foliation generally lag behind the attitude of the total strain ellipsoid the foliation never reaches the attitude of the flow plane and therefore only represents a part of the entire deformation history occurrence edit oblique foliation has been found mainly in mono mineral rocks but can also occur in poly mineral rocks the structure occurs in the entire metamorphic range from low grade to high grade rocks major occurrences are mono mineral layers of quartz muscovite and calcite in layered mylonites the structure has been described for quartz in quartzites 3 for calcite in carbonates 4 and for olivine in peridotites 5 oblique foliation is also known to occur in rock analogues like ice and synthetic octachloropropane theoretical considerations edit the angle of the oblique foliation with the fabric attractor can be considered theoretically as a function of the dynamic vorticity number w k the strain rate dγ dt the recrystallisation rate and therefore indirectly also the ambient temperature t by measuring the angle of the oblique foliation attempts have been made to determine w k yet this method is problematic because it neglects all the other parameters at work oblique foliations whose angle with the fabric attractor exceeds 45 pose a different problem difficult to reconcile with the available theory one possible explanation for this seemingly paradoxical arrangement may be found in transtensional shear zones transposing the ordinary oblique foliation into steeper attitudes by simultaneous extension importance edit oblique foliations fabrics find their most important use as shear sense indicators in mylonitic shear zones the foliation grain elongation always leans into the direction of shear i e in a dextral shear zone the foliation leans to the right and therefore dips to the left and vice versa for sinistral shear combined with other shear sense indicators such as δ objects oblique foliations establish the movement sense quite clearly references edit means wd 1981 the concept of steady state foliation tectonophysics 78 179 199 ree jh 1991 an experimental steady state foliation journal of structural geology 13 1001 1011 dell angelo ln tullis j 1989 fabric development in experimentally sheared quartzites tectonophysics 169 1 21 de bresser jhp 1989 calcite c axis textures along the gavarnie thrust zone central pyrenees geol mijnb 68 367 376 van der wal d vissers rmd drury mr 1992 oblique fabrics in porphyroclastic alpine peridotites a shear sense indicator for upper mantle flow journal of structural geology 14 839 846 sources edit passchier cw trouw raj 1996 microtectonics springer verlag isbn 3 540 58713 6 trouw raj passchier cw wiersma dj 2010 atlas of mylonites and related microstructures springer verlag vernon rh 2004 a practical guide to rock microstructure cambridge university press isbn 0 521 89133 7 v t e structural geology underlying theory deformation mechanism lamé s stress ellipsoid mohr coulomb theory mohr s circle overburden pressure rock mechanics strain strain partitioning stress stress field tension measurement conventions brunton compass inclinometer orthographic projection rake stereographic projection strike and dip large scale tectonics accretionary wedge allochthon autochthon back arc basin continental collision convergent boundary décollement divergent boundary extensional tectonics fault block fenster fold and thrust belt fold mountains foreland basin graben half graben horse horst horst and graben intra arc basin inversion klippe list of tectonic plate interactions mélange mountain formation nappe obduction orogeny passive margin plate tectonics pull apart basin rift valley rift saddle strike slip tectonics structural basin suture syneclise terrane thick skinned deformation thin skinned deformation thrust tectonics fracturing columnar jointing dike exfoliation joint fissure joint vein faulting asperity cataclasite cataclastic rock detachment fault disturbance fault friction fault mechanics fault scarp fault trace thrust fault transfer zone transform fault foliation and lineation cleavage compaction crenulation fissility oblique foliation pressure solution rock microstructure slickenside stylolite tectonic phase tectonite folding anticline chevron detachment fold dome homocline monocline syncline vergence boudinage competence kinematic analysis 3d fold evolution paleostress inversion paleostress section restoration shear zone mylonite pure shear shear category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title oblique_foliation oldid 1374651433 categories structural geology geological processes hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata this page was last edited on 13 september 2026 at 09 07 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents oblique foliation 2 languages add topic