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occupational prestige wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 calculating occupational prestige in the united states 3 list of occupations by prestige toggle list of occupations by prestige subsection 3 1 occupations by prestige norc 4 see also 5 references toggle references subsection 5 1 notes 5 2 sources 6 external links toggle the table of contents occupational prestige 4 languages čeština deutsch italiano română edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia public perception of an individual s job sociologists use the concept of occupational prestige also known as job prestige to measure the relative social class positions people may achieve by practicing a given occupation occupational prestige results from the consensual rating of a job based on the belief of that job s worthiness the term prestige itself refers to the admiration and respect that a particular occupation holds in a society occupational prestige is prestige independent of particular individuals who occupy a job sociologists have identified prestige rankings for more than 700 occupations based on results from a series of national surveys they have created a scale with 0 being the lowest possible score and 100 being the highest and then rank given occupations based on survey results 1 occupational prestige differentials have wide ranging implications regarding the distribution of social resources and life chances which can translate into nested sets of social inclusion and exclusion 2 history edit people rate the general standing of an occupation the most common question it is taken to be a measure of occupational prestige and hence of the social status of occupations many other criteria have been proposed including social usefulness as well as prestige and status themselves in order to obtain the scale of occupations which is invariably taken to be national in application respondents ratings are aggregated job prestige did not become a fully developed concept until 1947 when the national opinion research center norc under the leadership of cecil c north 3 conducted a survey which held questions regarding age education and income in regard to the prestige of certain jobs this was the first time job prestige had ever been researched measured and taught duncan s socioeconomic index dsi sei 4 became one of the most important outcomes of this survey as it gave various occupational categories different scores based on the survey results as well as the result of the 1950 census of population during the 1960s the norc did a second generation of surveys which became the basis for the socioeconomic status ses score until the 1980s as well as the foundation for trieman s international prestige scale in 1977 out of these surveys and research job prestige has been defined in various ways some definitions include the consensual nature of rating a job based on the collective belief of its worthiness prestige is the measurement of the desirability of an occupation in terms of socioeconomic rewards prestige reflects factual scientific knowledge about the material rewards attached to certain occupations different people seem to weight these issues differently in their understanding of prestige most people seem to implicitly view prestige as a weighted average of income and education and this is the operational definition used in indices like dsi and isei however other people especially in the working class seem to have more moralized notions of how much a job helps society and would for instance rate doctors high and lawyers low even though both jobs require postgraduate degrees and earn high incomes 5 6 the indicators most commonly used to measure ses come from duncan s 1961 socioeconomic index sei a composite of occupational prestige income and education duncan used data from north and hart s study of 1949 occupational prestige and census data 3 to conduct the first correlational study of the statistical relationship between education income and occupation duncan focused on white males with at least a high school education and income of 3 500 or more in 1949 and found correlations among income public ranking of occupational prestige and educational level of around 0 75 the study did not report whether the index included a sample of ethnic minorities 7 the sei model continues to influence the way researchers measure ses the national educational longitudinal study nels 88 nces 1988 initially employed a measure of ses developed by stevens and featherman 1981 based on father s income mother s income father s education mother s education and father s and mother s occupation as rated by the sei model in the first year follow up study the national center for education statistics 1990 used the nakao and treas 1994 revised sei model 8 calculating occupational prestige in the united states edit during the 1960s through the 1980s job prestige was calculated in a variety of different ways people were given index cards with about 100 or so jobs listed on them and had to rank them from most to least prestigious this ranking system was known as placing jobs in a ladder of social standing another method they used in this time period was to have the respondents rank jobs on a horizontal ruler using specific guidelines such as estimated income freedom of choice and how interesting the job was no matter what the method the outcomes were generally the same citation needed although pay and fame have little to do with occupational prestige measures of prestige are a part of the concept of socioeconomic status ses jobs with high prestige are more likely to have a higher level of pay stability better lateral career mobility and established professional associations some popular scales that are used to measure ses include the hollingshead four factor index of social status the nam powers boyd scale and duncan s socioeconomic index a 2007 harris poll of 1 010 u s adults suggested that occupational prestige is linked to perceived impact on community welfare the highest ranking jobs being firefighter scientists and teachers 9 lower ranking jobs include well paid positions such as brokers actors and bankers police officers and engineers tended to fall somewhere in the middle of the ladder according to the harris poll 2007 the following are the changes over the last quarter century of american s view as the most and least prestigious jobs those who see teachers as having very great prestige has risen 25 points from 29 to 54 percent those who say lawyers have very great prestige has fallen 14 points from 36 to 22 percent scientists have fallen 12 points from 66 to 54 percent athletes have fallen ten points from 26 to 16 percent physicians have fallen nine points from 61 to 52 percent bankers have fallen seven points from 17 to 10 percent entertainers have fallen six points from 18 percent to 12 percent list of occupations by prestige edit occupations by prestige norc edit the list of occupations by prestige assembled by the national opinion research center norc in 1989 is the one most commonly used the list 10 includes over 800 occupations but only the top 30 with the highest prestige scores are listed here prestige scores occupation prestige surgeon 76 astronaut 72 mayor of a large city 72 professor in a leading college or university 71 dentist 70 nuclear technician 70 obstetrician gynecologist 70 justice of a municipal court 69 airline pilot 69 aeronautical engineer 69 member of the board of a large corporation 69 architect 67 chemist 67 colonel in the army 67 engineer 67 pharmacist 67 secret service agent 66 nurse psychiatrist 66 computer scientist computer hardware engineer 64 lawyer 64 environmental scientist 65 fire department lieutenant 62 banker 61 high school teacher 61 sociologist 61 soldier 60 policeman 60 business entrepreneur 58 chief technology officer 58 accountant 57 actor 57 see also edit achieved status identity performance occupational inequality otis dudley duncan role engulfment status attainment status symbol references edit notes edit hauser robert m warren john robert 1997 socioeconomic indexes for occupations a review update and critique sociological methodology 27 1 177 298 doi 10 1111 1467 9531 271028 issn 1467 9531 s2cid 143449571 we conclude that composite indexes of occupational socioeconomic status are scientifically obsolete buder iris fields david donahue gwyneth ramirez maria 2024 stratification economics and occupational prestige a theoretical and empirical approach review of political economy 36 4 1678 1697 doi 10 1080 09538259 2022 2142464 1 2 north c hatt p k 1949 jobs and occupations a popular evaluation opinion news 9 313 duncan o d 1961 a socioeconomic index for all occupations in j reiss jr ed occupations and social status pp 109 138 new york free press of glencoe donald j treiman 1977 occupational prestige in comparative perspective new york academic press young michael willmott peter 1956 social grading by manual workers british journal of sociology 7 4 337 345 doi 10 2307 586697 jstor 586697 donald easton brooks alan davis 2007 wealth traditional socioeconomic indicators and the achievement debt the journal of negro education washington fall 2007 76 4 530 542 nakao k treas j 1994 updating occupational prestige and socioeconomic scores how the new measures measure up sociological methodology 24 1 72 doi 10 2307 270978 jstor 270978 the harris poll 77 august 1 2007 firefighters scientists and teachers top list as most prestigious occupations according to latest harris poll bankers actors and real estate agents are at the bottom of the list norc scores colorado adoption project resources for researchers institute for behavioral genetics university of colorado boulder retrieved 26 october 2012 sources edit stevens g featherman d l 1981 a revised socioeconomic index of occupational status social science research 10 4 364 395 doi 10 1016 0049 089x 81 90011 9 klaczynski paul a 1991 sociocultural myths and occupational attainment educational influences on adolescents perceptions of social status youth and society 22 4 448 467 doi 10 1177 0044118x91022004002 s2cid 144036559 in u s women s weight gain brings loss of income job prestige study finds health medicine weekly 2005 june retrieved march 9 2006 from newrx database schooler c schoenbach c 1994 september social class occupational status occupational self direction and job income a cross national examination sociological forum academic search premier database 1994 september 431 459 ollivier too much money off other people s backs status in late modern societies the canadian journal of sociology 2000 vol 25 iss 4 pg 441 470 witt jon ed soc 2012 2012 new york mcgraw hill 2012 245 46 print external links edit http www medicalnewstoday com medicalnews php newsid 25198 nfid mnf http www harrisinteractive com harris_poll index asp pid 793 v t e aspects of occupations apartheid asthma burnout closure crime disease fatality hygiene inequality injury injustice lung disease medicine prestige psychology psychosis rehabilitation repetitive strain injury safety and health science segregation sexism stress therapist therapy united kingdom welfare see also templates aspects of corporations aspects of jobs aspects of organizations aspects of workplaces occupational safety and health employment retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title occupational_prestige oldid 1344838252 categories sociological terminology occupations hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from august 2008 this page was last edited on 22 march 2026 at 21 19 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents occupational prestige 4 languages add topic