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official minority languages of sweden wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 criteria for inclusion 2 affected languages toggle affected languages subsection 2 1 finnish 2 2 meänkieli 2 3 sámi languages 2 4 romani 2 5 yiddish 3 see also 4 references and notes toggle the table of contents official minority languages of sweden 6 languages asturianu español français português svenska türkçe edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia in 1999 the minority language committee of sweden formally declared five official minority languages finnish sámi languages romani yiddish and meänkieli tornedal finnish the swedish language dominates commercial and cultural life in sweden but did not officially become the country s main language until 2009 when a new language law entered into effect 1 the need for this legal status had been the subject of protracted debate and proposed legislation was narrowly defeated in 2005 2 the minority languages have been legally recognized to protect the cultural and historical heritage of their respective speech communities 3 these communities are given certain rights on that basis such as school education in their language and its use in dealing with governmental agencies criteria for inclusion edit these are the criteria established by the minority language committee influenced by the directives from the european charter for regional or minority languages in 1997 to be accorded official minority status a language must have been spoken in sweden for a significant amount of time a precise figure has not been revealed but qualified estimations consider 100 years to be reasonable based on the included and excluded languages a significant immigration to sweden did not start until after world war i and many languages currently spoken by a large number of people in sweden are excluded among them arabic and persian it is also required that the language be spoken by a significant number of people and be centred in a specific geographical region this criterion was waived for romani and yiddish furthermore it is a condition that the granting of official minority language status should be of cultural benefit to the group speaking it it is allegedly for this reason that swedish sign language was not included even though it is a unique language with a history dating back to the 18th century it was considered to have a sufficiently stable basis already in swedish culture common culture is yet another criterion for inclusion affected languages edit official administrative areas for finnish meänkieli and sámi languages finnish only finnish and meänkieli sámi languages finnish and sámi languages finnish meänkieli and sámi languages finnish edit finnish has been spoken in sweden ever since the then provincial borders were drawn in the 13th century sweden has always had a significant migration to and from finland as the two languages belong to different language families it is easy to distinguish them unlike the neighbouring languages norwegian and danish the number of finnish speakers in sweden today has been estimated to over 460 000 even though many current swedes are of full or mixed finnish descent swedish is the main language in practice for many bilinguals finnish and meänkieli can be used in the northernmost municipalities of gällivare haparanda kiruna pajala and övertorneå and its immediate neighbourhood on 11 december 2007 the finnish broadcasting company yle reported that in uppsala sweden speaking finnish was forbidden for municipal employees and that this was the case also with small talk during breaks 4 according to an agreement between the city council and the municipal trade union the official working language is swedish and two employees were not allowed to speak finnish with one another in the common work premises or in break rooms 5 the equality ombudsman considered that a ban was permissible in that particular case 6 the following municipalities are included in the administrative area for finnish 7 älvkarleby municipality borås municipality borlänge municipality botkyrka municipality degerfors municipality enköping municipality eskilstuna municipality fagersta municipality finspång municipality gällivare municipality gävle municipality gislaved municipality gothenburg municipality håbo municipality hällefors municipality hallstahammar municipality haninge municipality haparanda municipality hofors municipality huddinge municipality järfälla municipality kalix municipality karlskoga municipality kiruna municipality köping municipality kramfors municipality laxå municipality lindesberg municipality ludvika municipality luleå municipality malmö municipality mariestad municipality motala municipality norrköping municipality norrtälje municipality nykvarn municipality örebro municipality örnsköldsvik municipality österåker municipality östhammar municipality övertorneå municipality oxelösund municipality pajala municipality sandviken municipality sigtuna municipality skellefteå municipality skinnskatteberg municipality skövde municipality smedjebacken municipality söderhamn municipality södertälje municipality solna municipality stockholm municipality sundbyberg municipality sundsvall municipality surahammar municipality tierp municipality trelleborg municipality trollhättan municipality trosa municipality uddevalla municipality umeå municipality upplands bro municipality upplands väsby municipality uppsala municipality västerås municipality meänkieli edit meänkieli also known as tornionlaaksonsuomi lit tornedalian finnish and tornedalian is spoken by a population in northern sweden meänkieli is primarily considered a separate language in sweden due to historical sociological and political reasons arising from the creation of the 1809 border between sweden and finland however on purely linguistic grounds it may be viewed as a dialect of finnish as it is highly mutually intelligible with the northern finnish dialects although it contains much stronger influences from swedish and has conserved some archaic features which the northern dialects in finland have lost 8 9 according to the national association of swedish tornedalians 70 000 individuals are able to understand meänkieli at least to some level 10 the following municipalities are included in the administrative area for meänkieli 11 gällivare municipality haparanda municipality kalix municipality kiruna municipality luleå municipality övertorneå municipality pajala municipality stockholm municipality umeå municipality sámi languages edit in sweden sámi languages encompasses five closely related uralic languages lule northern pite southern and ume sámi although they are commonly referred to as a single language samiska in the country of those who speak a sámi language in sweden the majority 61 speak northern sámi followed by southern sámi 22 and lule sámi 17 12 pite and ume sámi are critically endangered languages with few speakers as a minority language sámi is an official language and may be used in government agencies courts preschools and nursing homes in the municipalities where it is most common the following municipalities are included in the administrative area for sámi languages 13 älvdalen municipality åre municipality arjeplog municipality arvidsjaur municipality åsele municipality berg municipality dorotea municipality gällivare municipality härjedalen municipality jokkmokk municipality kiruna municipality krokom municipality luleå municipality lycksele municipality malå municipality örnsköldsvik municipality östersund municipality piteå municipality skellefteå municipality sorsele municipality stockholm municipality storuman municipality strömsund municipality sundsvall municipality umeå municipality vilhelmina municipality vindeln municipality romani edit romani chib the language of romani people has been spoken in sweden since the 16th century today about 9 500 people speak it in sweden it does not have a geographical center but is considered to be of historical importance yiddish edit yiddish has been a common language of ashkenazi central and eastern european jews since early in their history the first jews were permitted to reside in sweden during the late 18th century as of 2009 the jewish population in sweden was estimated at around 20 000 out of these 2 000 6 000 claim to have at least some knowledge of yiddish according to various reports and surveys the number of native speakers among these has been estimated by linguist mikael parkvall to be 750 1 500 it is believed that virtually all native speakers of yiddish in sweden today are adults and most of them elderly 14 the organization sveriges jiddischförbund yiddish association of sweden has been the national parent organization for yiddish speakers and has four local chapters in borås gothenburg stockholm and malmö it has been active since 1976 and was previously known as sällskapet för jiddisch och jiddischkultur i sverige the society for yiddish and yiddish culture in sweden which is now the name of the chapter based in stockholm 15 romani and yiddish have minority language status throughout the country and are covered by government obligations regarding their preservation 16 see also edit demographics of sweden languages of sweden languages of the european union language policy references and notes edit sveriges officiella minoritetsspråk svenska språknämnden 2003 in swedish national minorities and minority languages integrations och jämställdhetsdepartementet informationsmaterial ij 07 07e 13 july 2007 landes david 1 july 2009 swedish becomes official main language thelocal se retrieved 15 july 2009 svenskan blir inte officiellt språk archived 14 october 2009 at the wayback machine sveriges television 7 december 2005 retrieved 23 july 2006 in swedish hult f m 2004 planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in sweden language policy 3 2 181 201 uppsala kielsi suomen kielen käytön yle uutiset 11 december 2007 retrieved 21 may 2018 feldt ranta frågar om uppsala fallet svenska yle fi 18 december 2007 retrieved 21 may 2018 stockholm county board från erkännande till egenmakt från ord till handling rapport från konferens om den minoritetspolitiska reformen may 2010 internet archive copy archived from kommuner i förvaltningsområdet för finska språket meänkieli isof se in swedish retrieved 24 september 2024 meänkieli yksi ruotsin vähemmistökielistä kielikello in finnish 31 december 1999 retrieved 24 september 2024 ett språk under ständig utveckling minoritet se in swedish retrieved 10 march 2024 kommuner i förvaltningsområdet för meänkieli svonni mikael 2008 språksituationen för samerna i sverige the sámi language situation in sweden in barruk henrik ed samiskan i sverige the sámi in sweden report in swedish giron sweden sámediggi p 26 kommuner i förvaltningsområdet för samiska mikael parkvall sveriges språk vem talar vad och var rappling 1 rapporter från institutionen för lingvistik vid stockholms universitet 2009 pp 68 72 sveriges jiddischförbund detta är jiddischförbundet retrieved 13 july 2014 נאַציאָנאַלע מינאָריטעטן pdf manskligarattigheter gov se archived from the original pdf on 26 september 2007 retrieved 20 may 2018 v t e minority languages of europe european union austria belgium bulgaria croatia cyprus czech republic denmark estonia finland france germany greece hungary ireland italy latvia lithuania luxembourg malta netherlands poland portugal romania slovakia slovenia spain sweden other european states albania andorra armenia azerbaijan belarus bosnia and herzegovina georgia iceland kazakhstan liechtenstein moldova monaco montenegro north macedonia norway russia san marino serbia switzerland turkey ukraine united kingdom vatican city states with limited recognition abkhazia kosovo northern cyprus transnistria south ossetia dependencies and other territories akrotiri and dhekelia åland faroe islands gibraltar guernsey isle of man jersey svalbard languages of europe european charter for regional or minority languages framework convention for the protection of national minorities european day of languages universal declaration of linguistic rights v t e languages of sweden official language swedish recognized minority languages finnish meänkieli sámi southern ume pite lule northern romani finnish kalo scandoromani vlax dialects balkan dialects yiddish sign languages swedish sign language other languages dalecarlian övdalian gutnish retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title official_minority_languages_of_sweden oldid 1334791559 categories language policy in sweden minority languages hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from may 2025 webarchive template wayback links cs1 swedish language sources sv cs1 finnish language sources fi articles containing swedish language text this page was last edited on 25 january 2026 at 18 02 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia 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