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eeded 15 but also included 4 additional priorities first oil then fighter and ball bearing production rubber production and bomber output the damage caused by the 12 and 28 may 16 trial bombings of oil targets as well as the confirmation of the oil facilities importance and vulnerability from ultra intercepts and other intelligence reports would result in the oil targets becoming the highest priority on 3 september 1944 17 in june 1944 in response to an air ministry query on resources bomber command staff estimated it would take 32 000 tons of bombs to destroy 10 oil targets in the ruhr air chief marshal arthur harris agreed to divert spare effort to oil targets they were deemed to be of such importance that one raid was staged that consisted only of bomb carrying fighters to rest the bomber crews and to surprise the defenders 7 246 247 in august 1944 romania switched from supporting the axis to joining the allies and ploiești s production ceased to flow to the axis military in late summer 1944 the allies began using reconnaissance photo information in order to time bombing with the resumption of production at a facility even with the weather limitations this was the big breakthrough a plant would be wounded by successive attacks on its electrical grid its nervous system and on its gas and water mains author donald miller 3 320 however due to bad fall and winter weather a far greater tonnage was expended on transportation plan targets than on oil targets 18 the benzol oil plant at linz in austria was bombed on 16 october 1944 19 in january 1945 the priority of oil targets was lowered to prevent oil supplies from romania reaching germany the raf had extended its aerial mining activities to the danube post war edit despite the raf and harris claims regarding the great importance of oil targets harris had opposed assigning the highest priority to oil targets 20 but acknowledged post war that the campaign was a complete success with the qualifier i still do not think that it was reasonable at that time to expect that the oil campaign would succeed what the allied strategists did was to bet on an outsider and it happened to win the race 3 311 21 joint chiefs of staff directive 1067 prohibited german post war production of oil through july 1947 and the united states army made post war provisions to rehabilitate and use petroleum installations where needed as well as to dispose of unneeded captured equipment 22 after inspections of various plants by the european technology mission plan for examination of oil industry of axis europe 23 and a report in march 1946 the united states bureau of mines 24 employed seven operation paperclip synthetic fuel scientists in a fischer tropsch chemical plant in louisiana missouri 25 in october 1975 texas a m university began the german document retrieval project and completed a report on 28 april 1977 the report identified final investigations of the german plants and interrogations of german scientists by the british intelligence objectives sub committee the us field information agency technical and the combined intelligence objectives sub committee 26 opinions on outcome edit despite its successes by the spring of 1944 the combined bomber offensive had failed to dislocate the german economy or inflict severe disruptions in the production of vital items the oil campaign missions were the first targeted attacks to accomplish these goals 27 the us strategic bombing survey ussbs identified catastrophic damage 16 german industry in and of itself was not significantly affected by attacks on oil targets as coal was its primary source of energy but in its analysis of strategic bombing as a whole the ussbs identified the consequences of the breakdown of transportation resulting from attacks against transportation targets as probably greater than any other single factor in the final collapse of the german economy 28 159 several prominent german military officers however described the oil campaign as critical to the defeat of nazi germany adolf galland b wrote in his book the most important of the combined factors which brought about the collapse of germany 29 and the luftwaffe s wartime leader hermann göring described it as the utmost in deadliness 15 287 albert speer writing in his memoir said that it meant the end of german armaments production 30 412 4 it has been stated to have been effective immediately and decisive within less than a year 31 luftwaffe field marshal erhard milch referring to the consequences of the oil campaign claimed that the british left us with deep and bleeding wounds but the americans stabbed us in the heart 32 statistics edit the following statistics are from the british bombing survey unit figures are for the oil campaign in the last year of the war 28 158 number of attacks by the raf and usaaf against oil targets month usaaf eighth air force usaaf fifteenth air force raf bomber command may 1944 11 10 0 june 1944 20 32 10 july 1944 9 36 20 august 1944 33 23 20 september 1944 23 8 14 october 1944 18 10 10 november 1944 32 19 22 december 1944 7 33 15 january 1945 17 5 23 february 1945 20 20 24 march 1945 36 24 33 april 1945 7 1 9 total 233 221 200 short tons dropped on oil targets month usaaf eighth air force usaaf fifteenth air force raf bomber command may 1944 2 883 1 540 0 june 1944 3 689 5 653 4 562 july 1944 5 379 9 313 3 829 august 1944 7 116 3 997 1 856 september 1944 7 495 1 829 4 488 october 1944 4 462 2 515 4 088 november 1944 15 884 4 168 16 029 december 1944 2 937 6 226 5 772 january 1945 3 537 2 023 10 114 february 1945 1 616 4 362 15 749 march 1945 9 550 6 628 21 211 april 1945 1 949 124 5 993 total 66 497 48 378 93 691 the efficiency of the bombing was lacking working from german records for certain sites the ussbs determined that on average 87 of allied bombs fell outside the factory perimeter and that only a few percent struck plant or equipment inside the boundary the usaaf could put 26 of their bombing within the factories in good bombing conditions 12 when using a mix of visual and instruments but only 5 when it had to use instrument only bombing techniques and 80 of their tonnage was delivered under partly or fully instrument conditions the raf bombing by night with pathfinder techniques averaged 16 inside the factory bomber command s efforts against oil were more efficient in some regards although delivering a smaller total tonnage than the usaaf 8th and 15th air forces together it delivered more tonnage in fewer attacks than the 8th af which was also operating from bases in eastern england 33 the ussbs believed that bomber command s heavy bombs 4 000 pound 1 800 kg blockbuster bombs were more effective than an equivalent weight of smaller bombs both raf and usaaf dropped a large number of bombs on oil targets that failed to explode 19 and 12 respectively 28 158 159 see also edit oil campaign chronology of world war ii oil campaign targets of world war ii anglo soviet invasion of iran august september 1941 to secure access to persian oil dutch east indies campaign 1941 1942 japan operation to secure oil and rubber resources case blue and operation edelweiss by germany in the summer of 1942 battle of romania in august 1944 which deprived the axis of romanian oil fields chaco war a major conflict fought on the assumption that the chaco region could be a rich source of oil operation tidal wave ii usaf air campaign aimed at disrupt islamic state oil production and transport capabilities notes edit 4 300 to fighters 3 316 inspector of fighters of the luftwaffe until relieved of command in january 1945 references edit duga james stewart carroll 9 april 2002 ploesti brassey s isbn 978 1 57488 510 1 retrieved 26 march 2009 stout jay a november 2003 fortress ploiesti the campaign to destroy hitler s oil supply p 318 archived from the original on 22 june 2010 retrieved 4 february 2009 1 2 3 miller 2006 cox sebastian 31 march 1998 the strategic air war against germany 1939 1945 psychology press p 11 isbn 978 0 7146 4722 7 retrieved 9 february 2009 western axis subcommittee c 1943 estimated refinery output in axis europe 1943 pdf enemy oil committee archived from the original pdf on 27 march 2009 retrieved 21 march 2009 video american bombers smash axis oil fields in romania etc 1943 universal newsreel 1943 retrieved 21 february 2012 1 2 3 4 hastings 2013 tedder arthur 1966 with prejudice boston little brown company p 502 campaign diary royal air force bomber command 60th anniversary uk crown archived from the original on 6 july 2007 retrieved 22 march 2009 may june 1940 battle of france archived 7 december 2008 at the wayback machine january april 1941 archived 11 october 2012 at the wayback machine may august 1941 archived 3 march 2009 at the wayback machine us secretary january 1943 casablanca conference papers and minutes of meetings dwight d eisenhower presidential library combined chiefs of staff conference proceedings 1941 1945 box 1 office of the combined chiefs of staff pp 40 43 88 255 256 cite book cs1 maint location link williamson charles c hughes r d cabell c p nazarro j j bender f p crigglesworth w j 5 march 1944 plan for completion of combined bomber offensive dwight d eisenhower presidential library smith walter bedell collection of world war ii documents 1941 1945 box no 48 hq u s s t a f citation cs1 maint location link spaatz carl 5 march 1944 memo to eisenhower for the plan for completion of combined bomber offensive office of the commanding general hq u s s t a f turner mark 6 march 1944 letter dear general curtis lansdowne house berkeley square w 1 ministry of economic warfare citation cs1 maint location link in same folder of box 48 turner smith d 6 march 1944 letter dear general curtis american embassy mission for economic affairs 1 grosvenor square london w 1 the foreign service of the united states of america citation cs1 maint location link in same folder of box 48 1 2 eisenhower david 1991 1986 eisenhower at war 1943 1945 new york wings books pp 184 189 isbn 0 517 06501 0 1 2 d olier franklin alexander ball bowman galbraith likert mcnamee nitze russell searls wright 30 september 1945 the attack on oil the united states strategic bombing survey summary report european war air university press archived from the original on 27 july 2004 retrieved 10 february 2009 kreis john f cochran jr alexander s ehrhart robert c fabyanic thomas a futrell robert f williamson murray 1996 piercing the fog intelligence and army air forces operations in world war ii washington d c air force historical studies office p 241 isbn 978 1 4289 1405 6 accession number ada442835 retrieved 28 november 2008 mets david r 1988 master of airpower general carl a spaatz paperback ed random house publishing p 357 isbn 9780307538222 mitcham samuel w 2007 eagles of the third reich stackpole p 261 isbn 9780811734059 retrieved 4 january 2017 thompson h l 1956 14 bomber command and the battle of germany new zealanders with the royal air force vol ii the official history of new zealand in the second world war 1939 1945 p 391 retrieved 26 march 2009 taylor frederick 2005 2004 dresden tuesday february 13 1945 harpercollins ed london bloomsbury p 202 isbn 0 7475 7084 1 office of the chief quartermaster u s army european theater of operations quartermaster pol plan for continental operation document located at united states army center of military history tbd pdf 10 february 1945 archived from the original pdf on 21 august 2008 retrieved 22 march 2009 schroeder w c august 1946 report on investigations by fuels and lubricants teams at the i g farbenindustrie a g works ludwigshafen and oppau us bureau of mines office of synthetic liquid fuels archived from the original on 8 november 2007 retrieved 21 march 2009 schubert paul german synthetic fuels scientists primary documents presentations fischer tropsch process and product development during world war ii 2001 archived from the original on 24 september 2015 department of energy 20 september 1977 retrieved 6 february 2015 levine alan j 1992 the strategic bombing of germany 1940 1945 westport connecticut praeger p 143 isbn 0 275 94319 4 1 2 3 hall 2005 galland adolf 1968 1954 the first and the last the rise and fall of the german fighter forces 1938 1945 new york ballantine books p 239 speer albert 1970 inside the third reich translated by richard and clara winston new york and toronto macmillan isbn 978 0 684 82949 4 lccn 70119132 mcarthur charles w 1990 operations analysis in the u s army eighth air force in world war ii american mathematical soc p 205 isbn 9780821801581 henderson horace edward august 2001 the greatest blunders of world war ii how errors mistakes and blunders determined victory or defeat iuniverse p 213 isbn 9780595162673 hall 1998 p157 bibliography edit bowden ray 2008 merseburg blood flak oil the 8th air force missions design oracle isbn 978 1 898575 04 7 hall r cargill 2005 1998 case studies in strategic bombardment university press of the pacific isbn 1 4102 2480 5 caldwell donald muller richard 2007 the oil campaign may august 1944 the luftwaffe over germany defense of the reich mbi publishing company isbn 978 1 85367 712 0 hastings max 2013 1979 bomber command michael joseph ltd isbn 978 0 330 51361 6 miller donald l 2006 masters of the air america s bomber boys who fought the air war against nazi germany new york simon schuster isbn 978 0 7432 3544 0 v t e raf strategic bombing during the second world war overviews butt report 1941 raf strategic bombing 1942 1945 area bombing directive 1942 dehousing paper 1942 casablanca directive 1943 leaders arthur bomber harris frederick prof lindemann sir charles portal sir archibald sinclair arthur tedder campaigns oil targets 1940 45 area bombing of cities 1942 43 u boat pens 1943 44 battle of the ruhr 1943 combined bomber offensive 1943 44 battle of berlin 1943 44 transport 1944 hamburg heilbronn kassel pforzheim dresden the hague operations bellicose friedrichshafen chastise dambusters raid hurricane 1944 hydra peenemünde aircraft blenheim boston douglas db 7 halifax hampden lancaster manchester mosquito stirling ventura wellington whitley technology chaff h2s radar gee oboe gee h monica radar blockbuster bomb earthquake bomb tallboy grand slam bouncing bomb target indicator tactics area bombardment bomber stream firebombing intruder operations master bomber pathfinders shuttle bombing units no 1 group raf no 3 group raf no 4 group raf no 5 group raf no 6 group rcaf no 8 group raf no 100 group raf light night strike force see also aerial defence of the united kingdom united states army air forces usaaf air operations during the battle of europe defence of the reich death by moonlight bomber command into the storm target for tonight retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title oil_campaign_of_world_war_ii oldid 1377699915 categories oil campaign of world war ii world war ii strategic bombing campaigns of world war ii involving germany campaigns oper...