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open knowledge wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 early history 1 2 twentieth century 2 organisations and activities promoting open knowledge 3 references 4 external links toggle the table of contents open knowledge 25 languages العربية asturianu भोजपुरी বাংলা català español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 한국어 bahasa melayu nederlands português română slovenščina svenska українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia practice of sharing knowledge publicly and reusably open knowledge is interpreted broadly including the production of open content such as open data open source software open education resources and open access as well as practices such as open research explainer video what is open knowledge a short history of copyright open knowledge or free knowledge is knowledge that is free to use reuse and redistribute without legal social or technological restriction 1 open knowledge organizations and activists have proposed principles and methodologies related to the production and distribution of knowledge in an open manner the concept is related to open source and the open definition whose first versions bore the title open knowledge definition is derived from the open source definition history edit early history edit similarly to other open concepts though the term is rather new the concept is old one of the earliest surviving printed texts a copy of the buddhist diamond sutra produced in china around 868 ad contains a dedication for universal free distribution 2 in the fourth volume of the encyclopédie denis diderot allowed re use of his work in return for him having used material from other authors 3 twentieth century edit in the early twentieth century a debate about intellectual property rights developed within the german social democratic party a key contributor was karl kautsky who in 1902 devoted a section of a pamphlet to intellectual production which he distinguished from material production communism in material production anarchy in the intellectual that is the type of a socialist mode of production as it will develop from the rule of the proletariat in other words from the social revolution through the logic of economic facts whatever might be the wishes intentions and theories of the proletariat 4 40 this view was based on an analysis according to which karl marx s law of value only affected material production not intellectual production with the development of the public internet from the early 1990s it became far easier to copy and share information across the world the phrase information wants to be free became a rallying cry for people who wanted to create an internet without the commercial barriers that they felt inhibited creative expression in traditional material production 5 digital rights activists aim to enable related concepts including access to data produced with public funds and freedom of expression online 6 wikipedia was founded in 2001 with the ethos of providing information which could be edited and modified to improve its quality the success of wikipedia became instrumental in making open knowledge something that millions of people interacted with and contributed to 7 organisations and activities promoting open knowledge edit open knowledge foundation openstreetmap scholarly publishing and academic resources coalition sparc science commons wikimedia foundation references edit open definition defining open in open data open content and open knowledge opendefinition org open knowledge open definition group retrieved 7 april 2018 pollock rufus the value of the public domain rufuspollock com retrieved 7 april 2018 lough john 1984 schwab john e ed inventory of diderot s encyclopedie inventory of the plates with a study of the contributors to the encyclopédie vol 7 oxford the voltaire foundation at the talyor institution pp 16 17 ce qui nous convient nous le prenons partour où nous le trouvons en revanche nous abondonnons notre travail à ceux qui voudront en disposer utilement what suits us we take wherever we find it on the other hand we give our work to those who want to use it usefully kautsky karl 1903 the social revolution and on the morrow of the social revolution london twentieth century press kinsley michael 2001 05 11 opinion pennies for thoughts the washington post issn 0190 8286 retrieved 2026 07 21 doctorow cory 2010 05 18 saying information wants to be free does more harm than good the guardian issn 0261 3077 retrieved 2026 07 21 ren yuqing zhang haifeng kraut robert e 2024 02 29 how did they build the free encyclopedia a literature review of collaboration and coordination among wikipedia editors acm transactions on computer human interaction 31 1 1 48 doi 10 1145 3617369 issn 1073 0516 in the past two decades the internet has made it possible for millions of individuals across the globe to collaborate and create digital artifacts and knowledge sources one of the most prominent cases is wikipedia the free online encyclopedia external links edit scholia has a topic profile for open knowledge list of open access advocacy organizations maintained by the open access directory v t e free culture and open content concepts and practices key concepts commons based peer production crowdsourcing freedom of information open collaboration open source openness participatory culture sharism research and science citizen science open science access notebook science research science data plan s data information and knowledge free content knowledge commons open communication open knowledge content data communication and learning media collaborative writing democratic media open publishing participatory media peer review education open education educational resources admissions open door policy list of open universities journalism citizen media citizen journalism and wiki journalism open source journalism products free and open source software foss free libre software open source software open design movement robotics open gaming open source architecture open source hardware economic principles gift economy open innovation open patent open standard sharing economy politics and governance open government open source governance freedom of information laws by country organizations creative commons free software foundation open architecture network openmod initiative open knowledge foundation open rights group open source initiative open web foundation pirate party plos sparc activists tim berners lee alexandra elbakyan lawrence lessig peter murray rust douglas rushkoff richard stallman peter suber peter sunde aaron swartz john wilbanks projects and movements anna s archive diybio free culture movement free software movement library genesis open science movement open source ecology open source software movement opencores openwetware the anarchist library sci hub z library tools licenses creative commons gpl ohl definition docs free cultural works free software open open source open data indices open educational resources open music model open web movement retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title open_knowledge oldid 1368640466 categories intellectual property law copyright law open content free culture movement knowledge hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 10 august 2026 at 06 32 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents open knowledge 25 languages add topic