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open market wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 in economic theory 2 in banking 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents open market 6 languages français 한국어 नेपाली português தமிழ் oʻzbekcha ўзбекча edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia economic and financial term for the term in english law see market overt for the seattle messaging company see openmarket for the massachusetts e commerce company see open market this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources open market news newspapers books scholar jstor april 2024 learn how and when to remove this message the term open market is used generally to refer to an economic situation close to free trade in a more specific technical sense the term refers to interbank trade in securities in economic theory edit economists judge the openness of markets according to the amount of government regulation of those markets the scope for competition and the absence or presence of local cultural customs which get in the way of trade in principle a fully open market is a completely free market in which all economic actors can trade without any external constraint in reality few markets exist which are open to that extent since they usually cannot operate without an enforceable legal framework for trade which guarantees security of property the fulfillment of contractual obligations associated with transactions and the prevention of cheating a physical open market is a space where anyone wishing to trade physical goods may do so free of selling charges and taxes and has come to be regarded by many activists as the ultimate social enterprise and a major tool for tackling unemployment in a more general sense the term has started to be used in economics and political economy in which an open market refers to a market which is accessible to all economic actors in an open market so defined all economic actors have an equal opportunity of entry in that market this contrasts with a market closed by a monopoly which dominate an industry and with a protected market in which entry is conditional on certain financial and legal requirements or which is subject to tariff barriers taxes levies or state subsidies which effectively prevent some economic actors from participating in them see protectionism the concept of an open market in this general sense is sometimes criticized on the ground that participation in it is conditional on having sufficient money income or assets lacking sufficient money income or assets people may be effectively excluded from participation thus whereas people may have sufficient funds to participate in some markets their funds are inadequate to participate in other markets this raises the question of whether markets are ever truly open and suggests that the openness of markets is more a relative concept in response to this type of criticism the concept of open market is often redefined to mean a situation of free competition 1 and the inability to participate is explained as a lack of competitiveness on this view if people were more competitive they would be able to participate and thus their lack of funds is due to their unwillingness to compete for resources on this view lack of participation in an open market is either a subjective preference or a personal defect in banking edit in banking and financial economics the open market is the term used to refer to the environment in which bonds are bought and sold between a central bank and its regulated banks it is not a free market process to intervene in the business cycle a central bank may choose to go into the open market and buy or sell government bonds which is known as open market operations to increase reserves open market operations are when the central bank buys bonds from other banks in exchange for cheques these local banks then cash the cheques which allow them to take money from the central bank this action thus decreases any credit the local banks may owe to the central bank and also increases their money supply this thus increases reserves stated otherwise to intervene in the business cycle a central bank may choose to buy or sell government securities from or to the banks which it regulates thereby increasing or decreasing the reserves not deposits of those banks the regulated banks must comply with the buy sell orders of the central bank this process is known as open market operations for example a central bank may command its regulated banks to sell government bonds or bills to the central bank which pays with cheques or electronic transactions which are cashed by these banks moving money from the central bank to the bank reserves not deposits of the regulated banks see also edit free market money market references edit longhi christian raybaut alain 1998 free competition in arena richard longhi christian eds markets and organization berlin heidelberg springer pp 95 124 doi 10 1007 978 3 642 72043 7_5 isbn 978 3 642 72043 7 retrieved 2024 04 15 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title open_market oldid 1364412373 category monetary economics hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from april 2024 all articles needing additional references this page was last edited on 16 july 2026 at 10 40 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents open market 6 languages add topic