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Text of the page (random words):
ance 30 languages العربية български català čeština deutsch zazaki español euskara فارسی suomi français עברית हिन्दी hrvatski bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 bahasa melayu nederlands polski română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски shqip svenska ไทย türkçe 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from operation and maintenance maintaining a device in working condition for other uses see maintenance disambiguation for the wikipedia administrative page see wikipedia maintenance repair and repairman redirect here for home repair see home repair a tractor being mechanically repaired in werneuchen 1966 field repair of aircraft engine 1915 1916 the technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks servicing repairing or replacing of necessary devices equipment machinery building infrastructure and supporting utilities in industrial business and residential installations 1 2 terms such as predictive or planned maintenance describe various cost effective practices aimed at keeping equipment operational these activities occur either before 3 or after a potential failure definitions edit maintenance functions can be defined as maintenance repair and overhaul mro and mro is also used for maintenance repair and operations 4 over time the terminology of maintenance and mro has begun to become standardized the united states department of defense uses the following definitions 5 any activity such as tests measurements replacements adjustments and repairs intended to retain or restore a functional unit in or to a specified state in which the unit can perform its required functions 5 all action taken to retain material in a serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability it includes inspections testing servicing classification as to serviceability repair rebuilding and reclamation 5 all supply and repair action taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission 5 the routine recurring work required to keep a facility plant building structure ground facility utility system or other real property in such condition that it may be continuously used at its original or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose 5 maintenance is strictly connected to the utilization stage of the product or technical system in which the concept of maintainability must be included in this scenario maintainability is considered as the ability of an item under stated conditions of use to be retained in or restored to a state in which it can perform its required functions using prescribed procedures and resources 6 in some domains like aircraft maintenance terms maintenance repair and overhaul 7 also include inspection rebuilding alteration and the supply of spare parts accessories raw materials adhesives sealants coatings and consumables for aircraft maintenance at the utilization stage in international civil aviation maintenance means the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft including any one or combination of overhaul inspection replacement defect rectification and the embodiment of a modification or a repair 8 this definition covers all activities for which aviation regulations require issuance of a maintenance release document aircraft certificate of return to service crs road repair types edit the marine and air transportation 9 offshore structures 10 industrial plant and facility management industries depend on maintenance repair and overhaul mro including scheduled or preventive paint maintenance programmes to maintain and restore coatings applied to steel in environments subject to attack from erosion corrosion and environmental pollution 10 the basic types of maintenance falling under mro include preventive maintenance where equipment is checked and serviced in a planned manner in a scheduled points in time or continuously corrective maintenance where equipment is repaired or replaced after wear malfunction or break down reinforcement 11 architectural conservation and art conservation employ mro to preserve rehabilitate restore or reconstruct historical structures and artifacts with stone brick glass metal wood etc which match the original constituent materials where possible or with suitable alternative materials when not 12 preventive maintenance edit c 130j hercules preventive cleaning at keesler air force base mississippi after a period of operation over the gulf of mexico salt and moisture which lead to active corrosion require regular cleaning preventive maintenance pm is a routine for periodically inspecting with the goal of noticing small problems and fixing them before major ones develop 13 ideally nothing breaks down 14 the main goal behind pm is for the equipment to make it from one planned service to the next planned service without any failures caused by fatigue extreme fluctuation in temperature such as heat waves 15 during seasonal changes neglect or normal wear preventable items which planned maintenance and condition based maintenance help to achieve by replacing worn components before they actually fail maintenance activities include partial or complete overhauls at specified periods oil changes lubrication minor adjustments and so on in addition workers can record equipment deterioration so they know to replace or repair worn parts before they cause system failure the new york times gave an example of machinery that is not lubricated on schedule that functions until a bearing burns out preventive maintenance contracts are generally a fixed cost whereas improper maintenance introduces a variable cost replacement of major equipment 13 main objectives of pm are enhance capital equipment productive life reduce critical equipment breakdown minimize production loss due to equipment failures preventive maintenance or preventative 16 maintenance pm has the following meanings the care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection detection and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects the work carried out on equipment in order to avoid its breakdown or malfunction it is a regular and routine action taken on equipment in order to prevent its breakdown 17 maintenance including tests measurements adjustments parts replacement and cleaning performed specifically to prevent faults from occurring other terms and abbreviations related to pm are scheduled maintenance 18 planned maintenance 19 which may include scheduled downtime for equipment replacement planned preventive maintenance ppm is another name for pm 20 breakdown maintenance 20 fixing things only when they break this is also known as a reactive maintenance strategy 21 and may involve consequential damage 22 planned maintenance edit routine maintenance redirects here for the album by aaron west and the roaring twenties see routine maintenance album planned preventive maintenance ppm more commonly referred to as simply planned maintenance pm or scheduled maintenance is any variety of scheduled maintenance to an object or item of equipment specifically planned maintenance is a scheduled service visit carried out by a competent and suitable agent to ensure that an item of equipment is operating correctly and to therefore avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime 23 the key factor as to when and why this work is being done is timing and involves a service resource or facility being unavailable 18 19 by contrast condition based maintenance is not directly based on equipment age planned maintenance is preplanned and can be date based based on equipment running hours or on distance travelled parts that have scheduled maintenance at fixed intervals usually due to wearout or a fixed shelf life are sometimes known as time change interval or tci items predictive maintenance edit main article predictive maintenance predictive maintenance techniques are designed to help determine the condition of in service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance should be performed this approach promises cost savings over routine or time based preventive maintenance because tasks are performed only when warranted thus it is regarded as condition based maintenance carried out as suggested by estimations of the degradation state of an item the main promise of predictive maintenance is to allow convenient scheduling of corrective maintenance and to prevent unexpected equipment failures 3 this maintenance strategy uses sensors to monitor key parameters within a machine or system and uses this data in conjunction with analysed historical trends to continuously evaluate the system health and predict a breakdown before it happens 24 this strategy allows maintenance to be performed more efficiently since more up to date data is obtained about how close the product is to failure 25 predictive replacement is the replacement of an item that is still functioning properly 26 failed verification usually it is a tax benefit based citation needed replacement policy whereby expensive equipment or batches of individually inexpensive supply items are removed and donated on a predicted fixed shelf life schedule these items are given to tax exempt institutions 27 citation needed condition based maintenance edit condition based maintenance cbm briefly described is maintenance when need arises albeit chronologically much older it is considered one section or practice inside the broader and newer predictive maintenance field where new ai technologies and connectivity abilities are put to action and where the acronym cbm is more often used to describe condition based monitoring rather than the maintenance itself cbm maintenance is performed after one or more indicators show that equipment is going to fail or that equipment performance is deteriorating this concept is applicable to mission critical systems that incorporate active redundancy and fault reporting it is also applicable to non mission critical systems that lack redundancy and fault reporting condition based maintenance was introduced to try to maintain the correct equipment at the right time cbm is based on using real time data to prioritize and optimize maintenance resources observing the state of the system is known as condition monitoring such a system will determine the equipment s health and act only when maintenance is actually necessary developments in recent years have allowed extensive instrumentation of equipment and together with better tools for analyzing condition data the maintenance personnel of today is more than ever able to decide what is the right time to perform maintenance on some piece of equipment ideally condition based maintenance will allow the maintenance personnel to do only the right things minimizing spare parts cost system downtime and time spent on maintenance in industrial settings cbm by vibration analysis is a primary tool for heavy rotating equipment challenges edit despite its usefulness of equipment there are several challenges to the use of cbm first and most important of all the initial cost of cbm can be high it requires improved instrumentation of the equipment often the cost of sufficient instruments can be quite large especially on equipment that is already installed wireless systems have reduced the initial cost therefore it is important for the installer to decide the importance of the investment before adding cbm to all equipment a result of this cost is that the first generation of cbm in the oil and gas industry has only focused on vibration in heavy rotating equipment secondly introducing cbm will invoke a major change in how maintenance is performed and potentially to the whole maintenance organization in a company organizational changes are in general difficult also the technical side of it is not always simple even if some types of equipment can easily be observed by measuring simple values such as vibration displacement velocity or acceleration temperature or pressure it is not trivial to turn this measured data into actionable knowledge about the health of the equipment value potential edit as systems get more costly and equipment and information systems tend to become cheaper and more reliable cbm becomes an important tool for running a plant or factory in an optimal manner better operations will lead to lower production cost and lower use of resources lower use of resources may be one of the most important differentiators in a future where environmental issues become more important by the day another scenario where value can be created is by monitoring the health of a car motor rather than changing parts at predefined intervals the car itself can tell you when something needs to be changed based on cheap and simple instrumentation it is us department of defense policy that condition based maintenance cbm be implemented to improve maintenance agility and responsiveness increase operational availability and reduce life cycle total ownership costs 28 advantages and disadvantages edit cbm has some advantages over planned maintenance improved system reliability decreased maintenance costs decreased number of maintenance operations causes a reduction of human error influences its disadvantages are high installation costs for minor equipment items often more than the value of the equipment unpredictable maintenance periods cause costs to be divided unequally increased number of parts the cbm installation itself that need maintenance and checking today due to its costs cbm is not used for less important parts of machinery despite obvious advantages however it can be found everywhere where increased safety is required and in future will be applied even more widely 29 30 corrective maintenance edit main article corrective maintenance corrective maintenance is a type of maintenance used for equipment after equipment break down or malfunction is often most expensive not only can worn equipment damage other parts and cause multiple damage but consequential repair and replacement costs and loss of revenues due to down time during overhaul can be significant rebuilding and resurfacing of equipment and infrastructure damaged by erosion and corrosion as part of corrective or preventive maintenance programmes involves conventional processes such as welding and metal flame spraying as well as engineered solutions with thermoset polymeric materials 31 see also edit look up repair or revamping in wiktionary the free dictionary active redundancy design concept aircraft maintenance co ordinated...