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the (287), orthodox (199), #church (177), and (91), churches (89), #eastern (64), patriarchate (52), autocephalous (43), ecumenical (34), with (32), russian (29), constantinople (29), other (28), edit (28), from (25), 2022 (25), are (24), retrieved (22), autonomous (21), recognized (21), patriarch (21), not (20), america (19), autocephaly (18), catholic (18), its (17), true (17), recognised (17), communion (14), ukrainian (14), canonical (14), under (13), autonomy (13), moscow (13), greek (13), but (13), has (12), orthodoxy (12), old (12), self (12), which (12), great (11), see (11), was (10), schism (10), archbishop (10), each (10), any (10), this (9), liturgy (9), first (9), history (9), ukraine (9), jerusalem (9), patriarchates (9), four (9), spiritual (9), independence (9), metropolis (9), may (8), all (8), universally (8), uoc (8), romanian (8), christian (8), since (8), metropolitan (8), that (8), main (8), organization (7), view (7), wikipedia (7), alexandria (7), christianity 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Text of the page (random words):
north america moscow constantinople schism 15th 16th c 1996 2018 theology history of eastern orthodox theology 20th century neo palamism apophaticism chrismation contemplative prayer essence vs energies hesychasm holy trinity hypostatic union icons metousiosis mystical theology nicene creed nepsis oikonomia vs akribeia ousia palamism philokalia phronema sin theosis theotokos differences from the catholic church opposition to the filioque opposition to papal supremacy liturgy and worship divine liturgy divine services akathist apolytikion artos ectenia euchologion holy water iconostasis jesus prayer aprakos kontakion liturgical entrances liturgical fans lity memorial service memory eternal omophorion eastern orthodox bowing eastern orthodox marriage praxis paraklesis paschal greeting paschal homily paschal troparion prayer rope prosphora russian bell ringing semantron sign of the cross sticheron troparion vestments use of incense liturgical calendar paschal cycle 12 great feasts other feasts feast of orthodoxy intercession of the theotokos the four fasting periods nativity fast great lent apostles fast dormition fast major figures saints russian until 15th century russian post 15th century serbian american justin martyr athanasius of alexandria ephraim the syrian basil of caesarea cyril of jerusalem gregory of nazianzus gregory of nyssa john chrysostom cyril of alexandria john climacus maximus the confessor john of damascus theodore the studite kassia cyril and methodius photius i of constantinople vladimir the great sava i of serbia gregory palamas innocent of alaska other topics architecture folk encyclical of the eastern patriarchs cross saint titles statistics by country v t e the eastern orthodox church officially the orthodox catholic church and commonly known simply as the orthodox church is a communion composed of up to seventeen separate autocephalous self governing hierarchical churches that profess eastern orthodoxy and recognise each other as canonical regular eastern orthodox christian churches 1 2 3 4 each constituent church is self governing 2 its highest ranking bishop known variously as a patriarch metropolitan or archbishop serves as the primate and reports to no higher authority each regional church is composed of constituent eparchies or dioceses ruled by bishops some autocephalous churches have given an eparchy or group of eparchies with varying degrees of autonomy meaning they have limited self government such autonomous churches maintain varying levels of dependence on their mother church usually defined in a tomos or another document of autonomy in many cases autonomous churches are almost completely self governing with the mother church retaining only the right to appoint the highest ranking bishop often an archbishop or metropolitan of the autonomous church 5 normal governance is enacted through a synod of bishops within each church 6 church governance edit the eastern orthodox church is decentralised having no central authority earthly head or a single bishop in a leadership role thus the eastern orthodox use a synodical system canonically which is significantly different from the hierarchical organisation of the roman catholic church that follows the doctrine of papal supremacy 6 references to the ecumenical patriarch of constantinople as a sole authoritative leader are an erroneous interpretation of his title first among equals 7 8 his title is of honor rather than full supreme immediate and universal authority and in fact the ecumenical patriarch has no direct authority over churches other than his own eparchy in the city of constantinople while patriarchate of constantinople itself is governed in synodical manner 9 the ecumenical patriarch s unique role is sometimes referred to as being the spiritual leader of the eastern orthodox church although even this is disputed 10 11 the autocephalous churches are normally in full communion with each other so any priest of any of those churches may lawfully minister to any member of any of them and no member of any is excluded from any form of worship in any of the others including the reception of the eucharist however there have been varying instances in the history of the eastern orthodox church where communion has been broken between member churches for short periods particularly over autocephaly issues or disagreements over ecumenism with other christian denominations 12 13 14 15 following justinian the church existed only as a single denomination of five communing churches ruled by five patriarchs the bishops of rome constantinople alexandria antioch and jerusalem collectively referred to as the pentarchy each of the five patriarchs had jurisdiction over bishops in a specified geographic region which did not overlap with the jurisdiction of another patriarch this continued until 927 when the bulgarian patriarchate became the first newly promoted patriarchate to join the original five 16 historically the patriarch of rome was considered to be the first in place of honor among the five patriarchs disagreement about the limits of his authority was one of the causes of the great schism conventionally dated to the year 1054 which split the previously unified church into the roman catholic church in the west headed by the pope and the orthodox catholic church more commonly known today as the eastern orthodox church led by the four eastern patriarchs after the schism the honorary primacy of the bishop of rome shifted to the patriarch of constantinople who had previously been accorded second place rank at the first council of constantinople in the 5th century oriental orthodoxy separated from chalcedonian christianity and is therefore separate from both the eastern orthodox church and roman catholic church well before the 11th century great schism it should not be confused with eastern orthodoxy or roman catholicism jurisdictions edit canonical territories of the main autocephalous and autonomous eastern orthodox jurisdictions as of 2022 autocephalous eastern orthodox churches edit timeline showing the history of the main autocephalous eastern orthodox churches from an eastern orthodox point of view up to 2022 ranked in order of seniority with the year of independence autocephaly given in parentheses where applicable 17 18 there are a total of 17 autocephalous eastern orthodox churches which are recognized to various degrees among the communion of the eastern orthodox church canonicity refers to the state of being in communion with the larger eastern orthodox church making the church in question undisputedly a constituent of the eastern orthodox church whereas autocephaly refers to the state of being more or less self governing canonicity is binary two churches are either in communion or not while autocephaly exists on a spectrum disputes over autocephaly often lead to short term breaks in communion for political reasons these short term breaks are typically not due to differences in doctrine or theology four ancient patriarchates edit ecumenical patriarchate of constantinople independence as archbishopric from metropolis of perinthus in ad 330 attained autocephaly in 381 elevated to patriarchate and to second see in 451 automatically became the first see due to division from the see of rome in the great schism of 1054 greek orthodox patriarchate of alexandria greek orthodox patriarchate of antioch greek orthodox patriarchate of jerusalem independence in ad 451 elevated to the rank of autocephalous patriarchate in 451 the four ancient eastern orthodox patriarchates along with the see of rome formed the historical pentarchy and remained in communion with each other after the east west schism in 1054 the concept of the pentarchy and the title of patriarch itself as opposed to archbishop or exarch is attributed to emperor justinian in ad 531 19 national patriarchates edit bulgarian orthodox church 870 patriarchate since 918 919 recognized by the patriarchate of constantinople in 927 20 georgian orthodox church between 467 491 patriarchate since 1010 serbian orthodox church 1219 patriarchate since 1346 russian orthodox church 1448 recognized and patriarchate since 1589 21 a romanian orthodox church 1872 recognized in 1885 patriarchate since 1925 autocephalous archbishoprics edit note b church of cyprus recognised in 431 church of greece 1833 recognised in 1850 22 albanian orthodox church 1922 recognised in 1937 autocephalous metropoles edit note b polish orthodox church 1924 c orthodox church of the czech lands and slovakia 1951 d universally recognized as canonical autocephaly disputed edit orthodox church in america granted by the russian orthodox church in 1970 and recognized by five other churches but not recognised by the ecumenical patriarchate or remaining churches canonicity universally recognized e macedonian orthodox church 1967 granted by the serbian orthodox church in 2022 and recognized by seven other churches but not recognised by the ecumenical patriarchate or remaining churches canonicity universally recognized canonical and spiritual independence status disputed edit ukrainian orthodox church moscow patriarchate 1992 as ukrainian orthodox church split from ukrainian orthodox church in 1992 allying with russian orthodox church declared independence from the russian orthodox church on 27 may 2022 recognised as independent by the georgian orthodox church on 24 march 2023 its status as an independent church rejected by the majority of churches f latvian orthodox church the loc used to belong to the russian orthodox church but saeima declared it to be autocephalous in 2022 estonian christian orthodox church α removed mentions of the moscow patriarchate on 20 august 2024 but no other church recognizes its independence canonical and autocephalous status disputed edit orthodox church of ukraine 1992 as ukrainian orthodox church autocephaly from 15 december 2018 recognised by the ecumenical patriarchate on 5 january 2019 and three other churches its autocephaly and canonicity rejected by remaining churches including its rival ukrainian churches g canonical and autocephalous status unrecognised edit a minority of the ukrainian orthodox church kyiv patriarchate formerly led by filaret denysenko split again in 2019 following internal disputes and concerns as to whether the autocephaly granted by the ecumenical patriarchate amounted to true autocephaly due to the conditions imposed they are not recognized by any church including rival ukrainian churches the old calendarists and true orthodox split from their local church and are not recognized as canonical nor do they recognize any of the above churches as canonical some maintain communion with the kyiv patriarchate under filaret internal ranking edit the typical order that the four ancient churches appear in the diptychs is the same order given above while every major church places the four ancient churches in their diptychs before the other autocephalous churches this order may still differ slightly for example in the diptychs of the russian orthodox church and some of its daughter churches e g the orthodox church in america the ranking of the five junior patriarchates is russia georgia serbia romania bulgaria the ranking of the archbishoprics is the same with the church of cyprus being the only ancient one ad 431 autonomous eastern orthodox churches edit further information autonomy eastern orthodoxy under the ecumenical patriarchate of constantinople orthodox church of estonia α autonomy recognised by the ecumenical patriarchate but not by the russian orthodox church orthodox church of finland under the greek orthodox church of antioch antiochian orthodox christian archdiocese of north america antiochian orthodox archdiocese of são paulo and all brazil under the greek orthodox church of jerusalem church of sinai under the russian orthodox church belarusian orthodox church metropolis of chișinău and all moldova orthodox church in japan α autonomy recognised by the russian orthodox church but not by the ecumenical patriarchate chinese orthodox church α autonomy recognised by the russian orthodox church but not by the ecumenical patriarchate under the romanian orthodox church metropolis of bessarabia romanian orthodox metropolis of the americas romanian orthodox metropolis of western and southern europe semi autonomous churches edit under the ecumenical patriarchate of constantinople church of crete under the russian orthodox church russian orthodox church outside russia limited self government not autonomy edit under the ecumenical patriarchate of constantinople monastic community of mount athos greek orthodox archdiocese of italy and malta korean orthodox church exarchate of the philippines exarchate of lithuania american carpatho russian orthodox diocese ukrainian orthodox church of canada ukrainian orthodox church of the usa under the russian orthodox church archdiocese of russian orthodox churches in western europe diocese of korea russian orthodox church korean orthodox committee nl under the romanian orthodox church ukrainian orthodox vicariate sighetu marmației unrecognised churches edit see also independent sacramental movement timeline of the main unrecognised and true orthodox churches which have come out of the serbian orthodox church until 2022 churches that are not recognised despite wanting to edit the following churches recognize all other mainstream eastern orthodox churches but are not recognised by any of them due to various disputes abkhazian orthodox church holy metropolis of abkhazia ru american orthodox catholic church belarusian autocephalous orthodox church autocephalous orthodox church of kosovo sq montenegrin orthodox church turkish orthodox church ukrainian autocephalous orthodox church canonical ukrainian orthodox church kyiv patriarchate h true orthodox edit see also true orthodox church timeline of the main unrecognised and true orthodox churches which have come out of the russian orthodox church until 2021 true orthodox christians are groups of traditionalist eastern orthodox churches which have severed communion since the 1920s with the mainstream eastern orthodox churches for various reasons such as calendar reform the involvement of mainstream eastern orthodox in ecumenism or the refusal to submit to the authority of mainstream eastern orthodox church the true orthodox church in the soviet union was also called the catacomb church the true orthodox in romania bulgaria greece and cyprus are also called old calendarists 25 these groups refrain from concelebration of the divine liturgy with the mainstream eastern orthodox while maintaining that they remain fully within the canonical boundaries of the church i e professing eastern orthodox belief retaining legitimate apostolic succession and existing in communities with historical continuity the churches which follow true orthodoxy are old calendarists numerous groups serbian true orthodox church russian true or...