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Text of the page (random words):
ated in 2006 and revised 2012 2014 for the osage language because latin orthographies were subject to interference from english conventions among osage students who were more familiar with english than with osage in 2006 the director of the osage language program herman mongrain lookout decided to create a distinct script by modifying or fusing latin letters this osage script has been in regular use on the osage nation ever since 1 in 2012 while in the process of submitting the script to unicode a more precise representation of the sounds of osage was formulated and by the following year had been adequately tested in february 2014 a conference on standardizing the reforms was held by lookout and the staff at the osage nation language department along with ucs expert michael everson the result included the introduction of case the abolition of two letters and the creation of several more 2 the osage script was included in unicode version 9 0 in june 2016 in the osage block 3 it featured on the 2023 usa quarter dollar commemorating maria tallchief 4 letters edit for the pronunciation of the letters of the alphabet see osage language phonology or the links below vowels edit the 2014 vowel letters are as follows osage vowels oral nasal osage latin osage latin 𐓘 𐓘 a a 𐓘͘ 𐓘͘ ą ą 𐓙 𐓙 ai ai 𐓚 𐓚 aį aį 𐓛 𐓛 ə ə 𐓛͘ 𐓛͘ ə̨ ə̨ 𐓟 𐓟 e e 𐓠 𐓠 eį eį 𐓣 𐓣 i i 𐓣͘ 𐓣͘ į į 𐓪 𐓪 o o 𐓪͘ 𐓪͘ ǫ ǫ 𐓫 𐓫 oį oį 𐓶 𐓶 u u long vowels are indicated with a macron high tone by an acute accent and a long vowel with high tone by a double acute accent e g oral 𐓘 ̄ 𐓘 ̄ ā ā 𐓘 ́ 𐓘 ́ á á 𐓘 ̋ 𐓘 ̋ ā ́ ā ́ nasal 𐓘 ͘ ̄ 𐓘 ͘ ̄ ą ̄ ą ̄ 𐓘 ͘ ́ 𐓘 ͘ ́ ą ́ ą ́ 𐓘 ͘ ̋ 𐓘 ͘ ̋ ą ̄ ́ ą ̄ ́ all vowel letters can take the nasal dot but 𐓟 𐓟 and 𐓶 𐓶 almost never do although 𐓟 𐓟 is nasalised in 𐓠 𐓠 5 all inflected forms are osage vowel characters 𐓘 ɑ 𐓙 ai̯ 𐓛 ə 𐓟 ɛ ɛi̯ 𐓣 i 𐓪 ou̯ 𐓫 õĩ̯ 𐓶 ʊ̈ʉ̯ short long short long short long short long short long short long short long short long oral base 𐓘 𐓘 𐓘̄ 𐓘̄ 𐓙 𐓙 𐓙̄ 𐓙̄ 𐓛 𐓛 𐓛̄ 𐓛̄ 𐓟 𐓟 𐓟̄ 𐓟̄ 𐓣 𐓣 𐓣̄ 𐓣̄ 𐓪 𐓪 𐓪̄ 𐓪̄ 𐓶 𐓶 𐓶̄ 𐓶̄ high tone 𐓘́ 𐓘́ 𐓘̋ 𐓘̋ 𐓙́ 𐓙́ 𐓙̋ 𐓙̋ 𐓛́ 𐓛́ 𐓛̋ 𐓛̋ 𐓟́ 𐓟́ 𐓟̋ 𐓟̋ 𐓣́ 𐓣́ 𐓣̋ 𐓣̋ 𐓪́ 𐓪́ 𐓪̋ 𐓪̋ 𐓶́ 𐓶́ 𐓶̋ 𐓶̋ nasal base 𐓘͘ 𐓘͘ 𐓘̄͘ 𐓘̄͘ 𐓚 𐓚 𐓚̄ 𐓚̄ 𐓛͘ 𐓛͘ 𐓛̄͘ 𐓛̄͘ 𐓠 𐓠 𐓠̄ 𐓠̄ 𐓣͘ 𐓣͘ 𐓣̄͘ 𐓣̄͘ 𐓪͘ 𐓪͘ 𐓪̄͘ 𐓪̄͘ 𐓫 𐓫 𐓫̄ 𐓫̄ high tone 𐓘́͘ 𐓘́͘ 𐓘̋͘ 𐓘̋͘ 𐓚́ 𐓚́ 𐓚̋ 𐓚̋ 𐓛́͘ 𐓛́͘ 𐓛̋͘ 𐓛̋͘ 𐓠́ 𐓠́ 𐓠̋ 𐓠̋ 𐓣́͘ 𐓣́͘ 𐓣̋͘ 𐓣̋͘ 𐓪́͘ 𐓪́͘ 𐓪̋͘ 𐓪̋͘ 𐓫́ 𐓫́ 𐓫̋ 𐓫̋ ə and ə̨ are not phonemic but unstressed allophones of a and ą the a comes from latin a without the crossbar as in the nasa insignia worm logo e from latin cursive ɑ the long sound of the english letter a is rather like osage e the source for i is obscure though latin i does appear inside λ for the diphthong ai consonants edit the 2014 consonant letters and digraphs are as follows as in latin orthography the ejective consonants are written with a diacritic and the strongly aspirated stops with digraphs the pre aspirated stops were originally written as digraphs with h but since they vary by dialect with geminates the 2014 revision included new letters for them derived by adding a cross bar osage consonants tenuis ejective aspirated pre aspirated geminate osage latin osage latin osage latin osage latin 𐓜 𐓜 br 𐓝 𐓝 č 𐓞 𐓞 hč 𐓡 𐓡 h 𐓢 𐓢 hy 𐓤 𐓤 k 𐓤ʼ 𐓤ʼ kʼ 𐓤𐓸 𐓤𐓸 𐓤𐓯 𐓤𐓯 kx kš 𐓥 𐓥 hk 𐓦 𐓦 ky 𐓧 𐓧 l 𐓨 𐓨 m 𐓩 𐓩 n 𐓬 𐓬 p 𐓬ʼ 𐓬ʼ pʼ 𐓬𐓸 𐓬𐓸 𐓬𐓯 𐓬𐓯 px pš 𐓭 𐓭 hp 𐓮 𐓮 s 𐓯 𐓯 š 𐓰 𐓰 t 𐓰𐓸 𐓰𐓸 𐓴 𐓴 tx ch 𐓱 𐓱 ht 𐓲 𐓲 c ts 𐓲ʼ 𐓲ʼ cʼ 𐓳 𐓳 hc 𐓵 𐓵 ð 𐓷 𐓷 w 𐓸 𐓸 x 𐓹 𐓹 ɣ gh 𐓺 𐓺 z 𐓻 𐓻 ž px and pš are allophones as are kx kš and tx ch tsh hy and ky are sequences rather than single consonants the source of 𐓬 is latin p b that of 𐓰 is latin t d 𐓤 from k g 𐓜 from b r 𐓮 and 𐓺 are the top halves of s and z 𐓲 is from osage 𐓰 𐓮 𐓝 𐓵 𐓯 and 𐓻 are derived from latin c t s and z respectively h 𐓨 𐓩 and 𐓧 appear to be from their cursive latin forms 𐓷 is a partial w 𐓸 is from cursive x it was originally at a 45 degree x like angle before it was split into 𐓸 and inverted 𐓹 𐓡 is possibly from the spanish use of j as x alternatively 𐓢 may be from the s of 𐓯 and 𐓡 from 𐓢 ligatures for sc sts and sk were retired when the alphabet was reformed for unicode encoding punctuation edit words are separated by a space syllables were originally separated by a full stop but that practice has ceased with increasing literacy 2014 reforms edit a meeting to reform the script in 2014 in preparation for unicode encoding agreed on five changes casing pairs were introduced digraphs hc or superscript ʰc for the pre aspirate consonants were replaced with dedicated letters ꞓ ligatures for sc sts and sk were retired the nasal marks ˆ following the letter for monophthongs an underscore for diphthongs were replaced by a dot above right for monophthongs internally for diphthongs the ambiguous letter x originally set at a 45 degree angle was split into two letters upright 𐓸 x and inverted 𐓹 gh unicode edit main article osage unicode block the osage alphabet was added to the unicode standard in june 2016 with the release of version 9 0 the unicode block for osage is u 104b0 u 104ff osage 1 2 official unicode consortium code chart pdf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f u 104bx 𐓘 𐓙 𐓚 𐓛 𐓜 𐓝 𐓞 𐓟 𐓠 𐓡 𐓢 𐓣 𐓤 𐓥 𐓦 𐓧 u 104cx 𐓨 𐓩 𐓪 𐓫 𐓬 𐓭 𐓮 𐓯 𐓰 𐓱 𐓲 𐓳 𐓴 𐓵 𐓶 𐓷 u 104dx 𐓸 𐓹 𐓺 𐓻 𐓘 𐓙 𐓚 𐓛 𐓜 𐓝 𐓞 𐓟 u 104ex 𐓠 𐓡 𐓢 𐓣 𐓤 𐓥 𐓦 𐓧 𐓨 𐓩 𐓪 𐓫 𐓬 𐓭 𐓮 𐓯 u 104fx 𐓰 𐓱 𐓲 𐓳 𐓴 𐓵 𐓶 𐓷 𐓸 𐓹 𐓺 𐓻 notes 1 as of unicode version 17 0 2 grey areas indicate non assigned code points references edit osage nation language department archived from the original on november 20 2011 everson michael lookout herman mongrain pratt cameron september 21 2014 final proposal to encode the osage script in the ucs iso iec jtc1 sc2 wg2 document n4619 pdf the unicode consortium retrieved january 10 2015 unicode version 9 0 0 the unicode consortium june 21 2016 kuta sarah november 3 2023 new u s quarter honors maria tallchief america s first prima ballerina smithsonian magazine pratt cameron rapp stephanie haag marcia herrick dylan 2025 𐓷𐓘𐓻𐓘́𐓻𐓟 𐓣́𐓟 osage language and lifeways 1st ed norman university of oklahoma press p 11 isbn 978 0 8061 9529 2 external links edit 2014 language presentation at osage nation includes non native sound files for some letters presentation at native languages org along with various romanizations saving a language a people college of design university of minnesota october 30 2013 archived from the original on february 27 2014 retrieved february 21 2014 interview with herman mongrain lookout on invention of the script on invisible nations kosu v t e writing systems of the americas pre columbian logographies miꞌkmaq mixtec semi logographies maya pictography aztec unknown anishinaabe isthmian script mesoamerican writing systems abaj takalik kaminaljuyú scripts olmec zapotec post columbian alphabets latin napa sḵwx̱wú7mesh senćoŧen alphabet osage duployan shorthand chinook writing deseret alphabet syllabaries afaka canadian syllabics blackfoot syllabics dakelh syllabics dʌlk ʷahke or ᑐᑊᘁᗕᑋᗸ dene syllabics eastern cree syllabics inuktitut syllabics western cree syllabics cherokee great lakes algonquian yugtun somacheirographies signwriting si5s aslwrite v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testerian yerkish zapotec logograms chinese family of scripts chinese characters simplified traditional oracle bone script bronze scripts seal script large small bird worm hanja kanji chữ nôm sawndip bowen chinese influenced jurchen khitan large script sui tangut cuneiform akkadian assyrian elamite hittite luwian sumerian other logosyllabic anatolian bagam cretan isthmian maya proto elamite tenevil wiigwaasabak yi classical logoconsonantal demotic hieratic hieroglyphs numerals hindu arabic abjad attic greek muisca roman other sitelen pona semi syllabaries full linear elamite celtiberian iberian northeastern southeastern khom dunging redundant espanca script pahawh hmong khitan small script southwest paleohispanic bopomofo quốc âm tân tự sign languages aslwrite signwriting si5s stokoe notation syllabaries afaka bamum bété byblos canadian aboriginal cherokee cypriot cypro minoan ditema tsa dinoko eskayan geba great lakes algonquian iban idu kana hiragana katakana man yōgana hentaigana sōgana jindai moji kikakui kpelle linear b linear elamite lisu loma nüshu nwagu aneke script old persian cuneiform sumerian vai woleai yi yugtun v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bh...