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to lake minchin may rather be part of ouki the dating is uncertain with radiocarbon and uranium thorium dating yielding different dates spanning the time between 28 200 and 125 990 9 580 years ago whether ouki existed is a subject of controversy in 2011 scientists claimed that the lake did not exist outside of the lake poopo basin the formation of ouki is associated with a major glaciation and was probably caused by increased precipitation which has also been observed elsewhere general characteristics edit ouki may have reached a water level of approximately 3 735 metres 12 254 ft 2 with preserved shorelines at lake poopó 3 and it may have covered the salar de uyuni the salar de coipasa and the lake poopó area 4 although the uyuni and coipasa basins may rather have been filled by a separate postulated lake lake salinas 5 estimates of the surface area depend on the assumed lake levels and whether the lake covered only the lake poopó basin or also the uyuni coipasa basins estimates range from 10 400 46 500 square kilometres 4 000 18 000 sq mi 6 the ouki lake is one of the so called deep lake cycles along with lake tauca from which it may have separated during a period when water levels dropped below 3 700 metres 12 100 ft altitude at a locality called vinto it has left characteristic tufa deposits which have shapes of inverted cones 7 the depth of the lake did not exceed c 80 metres 260 ft the subsequent salinas lake cycle may simply be a shrinking stage of the ouki lake 8 likewise the existence of lake minchin may be in part based on misattributing deposits left by ouki 2 the ouki lake cycle may be subdivided into individual phases in the future 9 the ouki lake may have been populated by species such as pisidium bivalves ostracodes and the biomphalaria andecola snail 10 waters had a high concentration of strontium 11 while one model inferred from strontium isotope data assumes that most of the ouki water was contributed by the poopó basin another called ouki b assumes a 69 contribution by waters from lake titicaca and no contribution from the coipasa and uyuni basins which is less likely 12 waters from the poopó basin would have spilled into the uyuni coipasa basin 13 the drying of the lake left deposits containing amphibole illite plagioclase feldspar potassium feldspar kaolinite pyroxene quartz and smectite 14 dating edit various radiometric dates have been obtained for the postulated ouki paleolake from tufa wood and fossils of bulimulidae and littoridina 7 mostly within the basin of lake poopo 9 there is noticeable disagreement between radiometric dates obtained by uranium thorium dating and dates obtained by radiocarbon dating probably because ouki is so old that radiocarbon dating becomes unreliable the former yield ages ranging between 120 000 and 98 000 years ago the latter produce ages between 45 200 and 28 200 years ago radiocarbon dates of such old samples can easily suffer from contamination by modern carbon creating spuriously young ages 15 the uranium thorium dates range between 96 740 5 560 and 125 990 9 580 years ago the exact lake level history is poorly known 10 but between 115 000 and 100 000 years ago the water was higher than 3 720 metres 12 200 ft elevation 8 the ouki stage took place during marine isotope stage 5 16 episodes of increased lake size lake level changes coincide with cold periods in the north atlantic 17 alternatively if radiocarbon dates of 44 609 927 to 33 422 1937 are attributed to ouki sediments in the uyuni basin attributed to lake minchin would instead belong to ouki 18 context edit lake ouki s formation may have been caused by an increase in precipitation 19 and may be further associated with changes in the position of the itcz and la nina like conditions 20 the increase of precipitation may have amounted to 50 100 21 the ouki lake cycle occurred during a major glaciation 22 20 that may also be recorded from moraine deposits in the southern puna 23 as well as at a time of low summer insolation in the southern hemisphere 17 but with a southward expansion of the south american monsoon 24 lake levels in lake huinaymarca the southern basin of lake tauca were low during the proposed ouki period 25 sediments in the majes river valley indicate humid conditions during the proposed ouki period 26 as do lake level records in the atacama 27 the humid period in peru during the ouki phase may be associated with several large landslides such as the c 40 cubic kilometres 9 6 cu mi chuquibamba landslide complex 28 and the caqilluco landslides 29 although other researchers did not find an increase in landslide activity there 30 accumulation of sediments in the pativilca valley 31 and fluvial activity at lima 32 and in the lomas de lachay in peru also coincide with the ouki humid period 33 controversy edit the existence of this lake was questioned in 2011 based on the lack of evidence for such a lake in drill cores of salar de uyuni 34 it is unknown whether the poopó basin lake extended to the uyuni coipasa basins as well 5 the sill separating the poopó and uyuni coipasa basins may not have been breached until 80 000 60 000 years ago 35 in 2013 it was suggested that the l4 lacustrine stage which has been identified in drill cores taken from salar de uyuni may be the ouki salinas lake phase 36 references edit baker fritz 2015 p 40 1 2 placzek quade patchett 2006 p 528 luna lisa v bookhagen bodo niedermann samuel rugel georg scharf andreas merchel silke october 2018 glacial chronology and production rate cross calibration of five cosmogenic nuclide and mineral systems from the southern central andean plateau earth and planetary science letters 500 249 bibcode 2018e psl 500 242l doi 10 1016 j epsl 2018 07 034 issn 0012 821x s2cid 134780354 placzek quade patchett 2011 p 240 1 2 placzek quade patchett 2011 p 242 placzek quade patchett 2013 p 103 1 2 placzek quade patchett 2006 p 520 1 2 placzek quade patchett 2006 p 523 1 2 placzek quade patchett 2011 p 233 1 2 placzek quade patchett 2006 p 521 placzek quade patchett 2011 p 236 placzek quade patchett 2011 p 239 placzek quade patchett 2011 p 241 placzek et al 2006 p 11 placzek quade patchett 2006 p 518 zech et al 2017 p 712 1 2 placzek quade patchett 2013 p 106 gosling et al 2008 pp 45 46 placzek quade patchett 2006 p 530 1 2 zech jana zech roland kubik peter w veit heinz december 2009 glacier and climate reconstruction at tres lagunas nw argentina based on 10be surface exposure dating and lake sediment analyses palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology 284 3 4 187 bibcode 2009ppp 284 180z doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2009 09 023 placzek quade patchett 2013 p 104 zech et al 2017 p 714 luna lisa v bookhagen bodo niedermann samuel rugel georg scharf andreas merchel silke 15 october 2018 glacial chronology and production rate cross calibration of five cosmogenic nuclide and mineral systems from the southern central andean plateau earth and planetary science letters 500 249 bibcode 2018e psl 500 242l doi 10 1016 j epsl 2018 07 034 issn 0012 821x s2cid 134780354 terrizzano c m garcía morabito e christl m likerman j tobal j yamin m zech r september 2017 climatic and tectonic forcing on alluvial fans in the southern central andes quaternary science reviews 172 139 bibcode 2017qsrv 172 131t doi 10 1016 j quascirev 2017 08 002 hdl 11336 60252 issn 0277 3791 gosling et al 2008 p 45 steffen damian schlunegger fritz preusser frank 15 november 2009 late pleistocene fans and terraces in the majes valley southern peru and their relation to climatic variations pdf international journal of earth sciences 99 8 1975 1989 doi 10 1007 s00531 009 0489 2 s2cid 59381972 sáez alberto cabrera lluís garcés miguel bogaard paul van den jensen arturo gimeno domingo november 2012 the stratigraphic record of changing hyperaridity in the atacama desert over the last 10ma earth and planetary science letters 355 356 36 bibcode 2012e psl 355 32s doi 10 1016 j epsl 2012 08 029 hdl 2445 98248 pánek tomáš 1 september 2019 landslides and quaternary climate changes the state of the art earth science reviews 196 12 bibcode 2019esrv 19602871p doi 10 1016 j earscirev 2019 05 015 issn 0012 8252 s2cid 189986799 delgado fabrizio zerathe swann schwartz stéphane mathieux bastien benavente carlos june 2022 inventory of large landslides along the central western andes ca 15 20 s landslide distribution patterns and insights on controlling factors journal of south american earth sciences 116 17 bibcode 2022jsaes 11603824d doi 10 1016 j jsames 2022 103824 schildgen taylor f robinson ruth a j savi sara phillips william m spencer joel q g bookhagen bodo scherler dirk tofelde stefanie alonso ricardo n kubik peter w binnie steven a strecker manfred r february 2016 landscape response to late pleistocene climate change in nw argentina sediment flux modulated by basin geometry and connectivity journal of geophysical research earth surface 121 2 393 bibcode 2016jgrf 121 392s doi 10 1002 2015jf003607 hdl 2097 34092 litty camille schlunegger fritz akçar naki delunel romain christl marcus vockenhuber christof august 2018 chronology of alluvial terrace sediment accumulation and incision in the pativilca valley western peruvian andes pdf geomorphology 315 55 bibcode 2018geomo 315 45l doi 10 1016 j geomorph 2018 05 005 issn 0169 555x s2cid 134540130 viveen willem sanjurjo sanchez jorge bravo lembcke gustavo uribe ventura rodrigo 4 april 2024 a 121 ka record of western andean fluvial response to suborbital climate cycles recorded by rhythmic grain size variations of the lima fluvial fan earth surface processes and landforms 49 8 2326 2347 bibcode 2024espl 49 2326v doi 10 1002 esp 5831 issn 0197 9337 kalicki tomasz kalicki piotr 15 may 2020 fluvial activity in the lomas de lachay during the upper pleistocene and holocene geomorphology 357 11 bibcode 2020geomo 35707087k doi 10 1016 j geomorph 2020 107087 issn 0169 555x s2cid 214164504 hanselman jennifer a bush mark b gosling william d collins aaron knox christopher baker paul a fritz sheri c may 2011 a 370 000 year record of vegetation and fire history around lake titicaca bolivia peru palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology 305 1 4 202 bibcode 2011ppp 305 201h doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2011 03 002 baker fritz 2015 p 41 placzek quade patchett 2013 p 101 sources edit baker paul a fritz sherilyn c september 2015 nature and causes of quaternary climate variation of tropical south america quaternary science reviews 124 31 47 bibcode 2015qsrv 124 31b doi 10 1016 j quascirev 2015 06 011 gosling william d bush mark b hanselman jennifer a chepstow lusty alex march 2008 glacial interglacial changes in moisture balance and the impact on vegetation in the southern hemisphere tropical andes bolivia peru pdf palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology 259 1 35 50 bibcode 2008ppp 259 35g doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2007 02 050 placzek christa patchett p jonathan quade jay wagner jennifer d m may 2006 strategies for successful u th dating of paleolake carbonates an example from the bolivian altiplano geochemistry geophysics geosystems 7 5 n a bibcode 2006ggg 7 5024p doi 10 1029 2005gc001157 placzek c quade j patchett p j 8 may 2006 geochronology and stratigraphy of late pleistocene lake cycles on the southern bolivian altiplano implications for causes of tropical climate change geological society of america bulletin 118 5 6 515 532 bibcode 2006gsab 118 515p doi 10 1130 b25770 1 placzek christa j quade jay patchett p jonathan january 2011 isotopic tracers of paleohydrologic change in large lakes of the bolivian altiplano pdf quaternary research 75 1 231 244 bibcode 2011qures 75 231p doi 10 1016 j yqres 2010 08 004 s2cid 54069269 placzek c j quade j patchett p j february 2013 a 130ka reconstruction of rainfall on the bolivian altiplano earth and planetary science letters 363 97 108 bibcode 2013e psl 363 97p doi 10 1016 j epsl 2012 12 017 zech j terrizzano c garcía morabito e veit h zech r 15 september 2017 timing and extent of late pleistocene glaciation in the arid central andes of argentina and chile 22 41 s cuadernos de investigación geográfica in spanish 43 2 697 718 bibcode 2017cuaig 43 697z doi 10 18172 cig 3235 hdl 11858 00 001m 0000 002d 4647 8 issn 1697 9540 v t e lakes on the altiplano present day lakes and salt pans lake titicaca lake poopó salar de uyuni salar de coipasa lake expansions of lake titicaca lake ballivián cabana mataro ancient lakes lake tauca sajsi lake minchin salinas inca huasi ouki lake escara other paleolakes and lake expansions in the region cancosa paleolake lakes portal v t e pleistocene proglacial lakes and related seas africa lake makgadikgadi lake ptolemy antarctica lake washburn asia lake bandung lake tengger mundafan west siberian glacial lake europe baltic sea ancylus lake baltic ice lake littorina sea mastogloia sea yoldia sea russia lake komi great britain lake eskdale lake harrison lake lapworth lake pickering north america nelson river drainage lake agassiz lake bassano lake souris proglacial lakes of minnesota james bay drainage lake ojibway tyrrell sea great lakes champlain sea lake admiralty lake algonquin multiple basins lake arkona lake chicago lake chippewa lake dana lake duluth early lake erie lake frontenac lake houghton glacial glacial lake iroquois lake lundy lake maumee lake minong nipissing great lakes multiple basins early lake ontario lake saginaw lake stanley lake tonawanda lake warren lake wayne lake whittlesey columbia river system lake allison glacial lake columbia lake lewis glacial lake missoula great basin system lake bonneville lake lahontan puget sound system glacial lake hood lake nisqually lake puyallup glacial lake russell glacial lake sammamish lake skokomish upper missouri river lake chouteau lake circle lake cut bank lake glendive lake great falls lake jordan montana lake mckenzie lake musselshell upper mississippi drainage lake kankakee kankakee outwash plain lake wisconsin ohio drainage lake monongahela lake tight teays river hudson valley lake albany lake passaic new england lake cape cod lake connecticut lake hitchcock lake merrimack lake nantucket sound lake stowe california lake cahuilla lake corcoran lake harper lake manix lake manly lake modoc lake mojave lake panamint lake russell lake tecopa lake thompson rio grande rift lake alamosa lake estancia lake palomas lake san agustín alaska lake atna south america lake ballivián cabana lake escara inca huasi mataro lake minchin ouki sajsi salinas lake tauca great tehuelche paleolake summary list of prehistoric lakes geography portal history portal lakes portal oceans portal retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ouki oldid 1307748447 categories geology of bolivia former lakes of south america pleistocene lakes of bolivia glacial lakes hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata cs1 long volume value cs1 spanish language sources es bolivia articles missing geocoordinate data all articles nee...
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