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ager gsl 28r rechargeable pager type wireless telecommunications device inventor al gross inception 1949 77 years ago 1949 available yes current supplier various a pager also known as a beeper or bleeper 1 is a wireless telecommunications device that receives and displays alphanumeric or voice messages one way pagers can only receive messages while response pagers and two way pagers can also acknowledge reply to and originate messages using an internal transmitter 2 pagers operate as part of a paging system which includes one or more fixed transmitters or in the case of response pagers and two way pagers one or more base stations as well as a number of pagers carried by mobile users these systems can range from a restaurant system with a single low power transmitter to a nationwide system with thousands of high power base stations pagers were developed in the 1950s and 1960s 3 and became widely used by the 1980s through the late 1990s and early 2000s into the 21st century the widespread availability of mobile phones smartphones and tablet computers with text messaging capability has greatly diminished the pager industry nevertheless pagers alongside two way radios continue to be used by some emergency services and public safety personnel because modern pager systems coverage overlap combined with use of satellite communications can make paging systems more reliable than terrestrial based cellular networks in some cases including during natural and human made disasters 4 this resilience has led public safety agencies to adopt pagers over cellular and other commercial services for critical messaging 5 6 two pagers history edit this section needs to be updated the reason given is prevalence of paging systems needs an update please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information february 2023 original motorola pageboy ii pager used in new york in the late 1970s the first telephone pager system was patented in 1949 by al gross 7 intended for the use of physicians there was initial resistance to the idea of being permanently on call according to gross 8 one of the first practical paging services was launched in 1950 for physicians in the new york city area 9 physicians paid us 12 per month and carried a 200 gram 7 oz pager that would receive phone messages within 40 kilometres 25 mi of a single transmitter tower the system was manufactured by the reevesound company and operated by telanswerphone 9 in 1960 john francis mitchell combined elements of motorola s walkie talkie and automobile radio technologies to create the first transistorized pager 10 11 12 and from that time paging technology continued to advance and pager adoption among emergency personnel was still popular as of july 2016 13 in 1962 the bell system the u s telephone monopoly presented its bellboy radio paging system at the seattle world s fair bellboy was the first commercial system for personal paging it also marked one of the first consumer applications of the transistor invented by bell labs in 1947 for which three bell labs inventors received a nobel prize in physics in 1956 solid state circuitry enabled the bellboy pager about the size of a small tv remote to fit into a customer s pocket or purse which was quite a feat for the time the bellboy was a terminal that notified the user when someone was trying to call them bell system bellboy radio pagers each used three reed receiver relays each relay tuned to one of 33 different frequencies selectively ringing a particular customer when all three relays were activated at the same time a precursor of dtmf 14 when the person received an audible signal a buzz on the pager the user found a telephone and called the service center which informed the user of the caller s message in the mid 1980s tone and voice radio paging became popular among emergency responders and professionals tone and voice pagers were activated either by a local base station or through a telephone number assigned to each individual pager in the 1990s pagers became popular among the general public as a cheaper smaller and more reliable alternative to mobile phones 15 the reflex protocol was developed in the mid 1990s as prices for mobile phones declined small form factor phones like the motorola startac and the nokia series 40 line came on the market cellular connectivity expanded and digital phones adopted text messaging most pager customers outside of specialist fields migrated to mobile phones toward the end of the 1990s while motorola announced the end of its new pager manufacturing in 2001 16 pagers remained in use in large hospital complexes 17 first responders in rural areas with inadequate cellular coverage are often issued pagers 18 the 2005 london bombings resulted in overload of tetra systems by the emergency services and showed that pagers with their ability to show a message without transmitting an acknowledgement and their ability to operate on very low signal levels still may have an important role in some specific use cases 19 volunteer firefighters ems paramedics and rescue squad members usually carry pagers to alert them of emergency call outs for their department these pagers receive a special tone from a fire department radio frequency a restaurant pager alerting customers to collect their order restaurant pagers remain in wide use since the 2000s customers are given a portable receiver that would usually vibrate flash or beep when a table becomes free or when their meal is ready 20 pagers have been popular with birdwatchers to delier in great britain and ireland since 1991 with companies rare bird alert and birdnet information offering news of rare birds sent to pagers that they sell 21 22 today companies like visiplex offer similar solutions for onsite pager systems in the medical education and commercial sectors decline edit by early 2002 pager usage was rapidly declining in places like north america due to the proliferation of cellular telephones 23 the u s paging industry generated 2 1 billion in revenue in 2008 down from 6 2 billion in 2003 24 in canada 161 500 canadians paid 18 5 million for pager service in 2013 telus communications one of the three major mobile carriers announced the end to its canadian pager service as of 31 march 2015 but rivals bell rogers and pagenet intend to continue service 16 in 2017 the uk national health service was thought to have been using over 10 of the remaining pagers in the world 130 000 17 with an annual cost of 6 6 million 25 matt hancock then secretary of state for health and social care announced in february 2019 that the 130 000 pagers still in use were to be phased out 26 nhsx announced plans in may 2020 to replace pagers and bleepers with more modern communication tools accelerated by the pressure placed on the service by the covid 19 pandemic in england 27 in august 2020 a new procurement framework for clinical communications was launched which was intended to phase out pagers by the end of 2021 replacing them with dedicated clinical facing communication and tasks management tools from 25 approved suppliers 28 in japan more than ten million pagers were active in 1996 3 on 1 october 2019 japan s last paging service provider shut down radio signals and terminated its service 3 in russia the last paging provider was closed in november 2021 29 design edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed june 2009 learn how and when to remove this message timex datalink beepwear pro a wearable pager watch featuring alphanumeric paging capability part of the timex datalink family of watches many paging network operators now allow numeric and textual pages to be submitted to the paging networks via email a significant convenience for users given the widespread adoption of email and commonalities in delivery assurances this can result in pager messages being delayed or lost older forms of message submission using the telelocator alphanumeric protocol involve modem connections directly to a paging network and are less subject to these delays for this reason older forms of message submission retain their usefulness for disseminating highly important alerts to users such as emergency services personnel common paging protocols include tap flex reflex pocsag golay ermes and ntt past paging protocols include two tone and 5 6 tone in the united states pagers typically receive signals using the flex protocol in the 900 mhz band commercial paging transmitters typically radiate 1000 watts of effective power resulting in a much wider coverage area per tower than a mobile phone transmitter which typically radiates around 0 6 watts per channel although 900 mhz flex paging networks tend to have stronger in building coverage than mobile phone networks commercial paging service providers will work with large institutions to install repeater equipment in the event that service is not available in needed areas of the subscribing institution s buildings this is especially critical in hospital settings where emergency staff must be able to reliably receive pages to respond to patient needs unlike mobile phones most one way pagers do not display any information about whether a signal is being received or about the strength of the received signal since one way pagers do not contain transmitters one way paging networks have no way to track whether a message has been successfully delivered to a pager because of this if a one way pager is turned off or is not receiving a usable signal at the time a message is transmitted the message will not be received and the sender of the message will not be notified of this fact in the mid 1990s some paging companies began offering a service which allowed a customer to call their pager number and have numeric messages read back to them this was useful for times when the pager was off or out of the coverage area as it would know what pages were sent to the subscriber even if the subscriber never actually received the page other radio bands used for pagers include the 400 mhz band the vhf band and the fm commercial broadcast band 88 108 mhz other paging protocols used in the vhf 400 mhz uhf and 900 mhz bands include pocsag and ermes in canada and the united states pagers that use the commercial fm band receive a subcarrier called the subsidiary communications authority of a broadcast station on site paging systems in hospitals unlike wide area paging systems are local area services hospitals commonly use on site paging for communication with staff and increasingly for contacting waiting patients when their appointment is due these offer waiting patients the opportunity to leave the waiting area but still be contacted operation edit the top of a motorola bravo numeric pager paging systems are operated by commercial carriers often as a subscription service and they are also operated directly by end users as private systems commercial carrier systems tend to cover a larger geographical area than private systems while private systems tend to cover their limited area more thoroughly and deliver messages faster than commercial systems in all systems clients send messages to pagers an activity commonly referred to as paging system operators often assign unique phone numbers or email addresses to pagers and pre defined groups of pagers enabling clients to page by telephone call e mail and sms paging systems also support various types of direct connection protocols which sacrifice global addressing and accessibility for a dedicated communications link automated monitoring and escalation software clients often used in hospitals it departments and alarm companies tend to prefer direct connections because of the increased reliability small paging systems such as those used in restaurant and retail establishments often integrate a keyboard and paging system into a single box reducing both cost and complexity paging systems support several popular direct connection protocols including tap tnpp snpp and wctp as well as proprietary modem and socket based protocols additionally organizations often integrate paging systems with their voice mail and pbx systems conceptually attaching pagers to a telephone extension and set up web portals to integrate pagers into other parts of their enterprise a paging system alerts a pager or group of pagers by transmitting information over an rf channel including an address and message information this information is formatted using a paging protocol such as 2 tone 5 6 tone golay pocsag flex ermes or ntt two way pagers and response pagers typically use the reflex protocol 30 modern paging systems typically use multiple base transmitters to modulate the same signal on the same rf channel a design approach called simulcast this type of design enables pagers to select the strongest signal from several candidate transmitters using fm capture thereby improving overall system performance simulcast systems often use satellite to distribute identical information to multiple transmitters and gps at each transmitter to precisely time its modulation relative to other transmitters the coverage overlap combined with use of satellite communications can make paging systems more reliable than terrestrial based cellular networks in some cases including during natural and human made disaster 4 this resilience has led public safety agencies to adopt pagers over cellular and other commercial services for critical messaging 5 6 categories edit pagers themselves vary from very cheap and simple beepers to more complex personal communications equipment falling into eight main categories beepers or tone only pagers beepers or tone only pagers are the simplest and least expensive form of paging they were named beepers because they originally made a beeping noise but current pagers in this category use other forms of alert as well some use audio signals others light up and some vibrate often used in combination the majority of restaurant pagers fall into this category 20 voice tone voice tone pagers enable pager users to listen to a recorded voice message when an alert is received numeric numeric pagers contain a numeric lcd capable of displaying the calling phone number or other numeric information generally up to 10 digits the display can also convey pager codes a set of number codes corresponding to mutually understood pre defined messages alphanumeric alphanumeric pagers contain a more sophisticated lcd capable of displaying text and icons these devices receive text messages often through email or direct connection to the paging system the sender must enter a message either numeric and push or text push or a verbal message the pager does not automatically record the sender s number the pager will beep but no message can be seen or heard if none has been entered response response pagers are alphanumeric pagers equipped with b...