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paramilitary wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 legality 2 types toggle types subsection 2 1 military organizations 2 2 law enforcement agencies 2 3 civil defense 2 4 political parties 3 examples of paramilitary units 4 see also 5 references 6 further reading toggle the table of contents paramilitary 56 languages العربية asturianu azərbaycanca беларуская български বাংলা brezhoneg català کوردی čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 kurdî latina lietuvių മലയാളം bahasa melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål occitan polski português română русский sicilianu srpskohrvatski српскохрватски සිංහල simple english shqip српски srpski svenska ไทย türkçe українська اردو tiếng việt 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia organization similar to but not part of a military not to be confused with paratrooper or private army for the 1993 supplement for the role playing game paranoia see paramilitary paranoia this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources paramilitary news newspapers books scholar jstor october 2022 learn how and when to remove this message legion of frontiersmen edmonton command 1915 a nationalist paramilitary group not officially affiliated with the canadian army a paramilitary is an armed militarized like force or unit that functions and is organized in a manner analogous to a military force but does not have professional or legitimate status 1 the oxford english dictionary traces the use of the term paramilitary as far back as 1934 2 it has been used by many different political organizations from around the world throughout history 3 paramilitaries have widely been synonymous with violence political repression ethnic cleansing genocide and crimes against humanity 4 paramilitaries may use combat capable kit equipment such as internal security swat vehicles or even actual military equipment such as armored personnel carriers usually military surplus resources that are compatible with their purpose often combining them with skills from other relevant fields such as law enforcement coast guard or search and rescue citation needed a paramilitary may fall under the command of a military train alongside them or have permission to use their resources despite not actually being part of them 5 legality edit under the law of war a state may incorporate a paramilitary organization or armed agency such as a law enforcement agency or a private volunteer militia into its combatant armed forces some countries constitutions prohibit paramilitary organizations outside government use types edit a group of the forest brothers in central estonia meeting with a german unit in 1941 the steel shirts copying the nazi salute during its rally in syria depending on the definition adopted paramilitaries may include military organizations edit private military companies mercenaries and colonial troops irregular military such as auxiliaries private armies and militias state parallel armed groups such as the sudanese rapid support forces and the iraqi popular mobilization forces 6 law enforcement agencies edit semi militarized law enforcement units within civilian police such as police tactical units swat emergency service units and incident response teams gendarmeries such as the french national gendarmerie chinese people s armed police dutch royal marechaussee egyptian central security forces european eurogendfor turkic takm and chilean carabineros de chile border guards such as the u s border patrol australian border force indian border security force bangladeshi border guard bangladesh and turkish village guards security forces of ambiguous military status such as internal troops railroad guard corps and railway troops branches of government agencies such as intelligence agencies and military intelligence tasked with law enforcement tactical support or security operations such as the central intelligence agency s special activities center and global response staff or the u s department of energy s federal protective forces civil defense edit lithuanian riflemen s union chinese militia ssb political parties edit party militia armed semi militarized wings of political parties and similar political organizations such as the german schutzstaffel and italian blackshirts examples of paramilitary units edit main articles list of paramilitary organizations and list of defunct paramilitary organizations see also edit category rebel militia groups militia international association of gendarmeries and police forces with military status list of serbian paramilitary formations militarization of police police tactical unit fourth generation warfare violent non state actor military urbanism private army fascist paramilitary guerrilla warfare list of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel list of paramilitary organizations bangladesh ansar border security force references edit paramilitary oxford english dictionary 3rd ed oxford university press june 2011 online edition original published in june 2005 retrieved 2011 09 13 designating of or relating to a force or unit whose function and organization are analogous or ancillary to those of a professional military force but which is not regarded as having professional or legitimate status paramilitary oxford english dictionary online ed oxford university press subscription or participating institution membership required doxsee catrina august 12 2025 examining extremism the militia movement center for strategic and international studies dasgputa sunil april 6 2003 paramilitaries on the march brookings böhmelt tobias clayton govinda february 2018 auxiliary force structure paramilitary forces and progovernment militias comparative political studies 51 2 197 237 doi 10 1177 0010414017699204 hdl 10654 38817 issn 0010 4140 aliyev huseyn 2016 strong militias weak states and armed violence towards a theory of state parallel paramilitaries pdf security dialogue 47 6 498 516 doi 10 1177 0967010616669900 further reading edit look up paramilitary in wiktionary the free dictionary wikimedia commons has media related to paramilitary organizations golkar saeid 2012 paramilitarization of the economy the case of iran s basij militia armed forces society vol 38 no 4 golkar saeid 2012 organization of the oppressed or organization for oppressing analysing the role of the basij militia of iran politics religion ideology dec 37 41 doi 10 1080 21567689 2012 725661 üngör uğur ümit 2020 paramilitarism mass violence in the shadow of the state oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 882524 1 authority control databases international gnd national united states czech republic israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title paramilitary oldid 1374190355 categories paramilitary civil military relations paramilitary organizations military terminology private security industry hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from october 2022 all articles needing additional references all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from july 2025 commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 10 september 2026 at 11 36 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents paramilitary 56 languages add topic