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pastry war wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 background 2 chronology 3 peace restored 4 notes 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents pastry war 28 languages afrikaans العربية azərbaycanca brezhoneg deutsch ελληνικά español euskara فارسی suomi français עברית magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia íslenska italiano 日本語 ქართული nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский svenska türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia 1838 1839 war between mexico and france pastry war 1841 painting of the battle of veracruz date 27 november 1838 9 march 1839 3 months 1 week and 3 days location veracruz mexico result french victory 1 2 belligerents france mexico commanders and leaders charles baudin santa anna wia 3 strength 4 000 3 26 ships 3 3 229 1 fort casualties and losses 121 killed or wounded 224 killed or wounded 1 fort captured the pastry war a b began in november 1838 when french naval forces blockaded ports in mexico and captured san juan de ulúa in veracruz this was in response to allegations of mistreatment of french nationals in mexico including a pastry chef after whom the war was named and ended in march 1839 with a british brokered peace a second french intervention in mexico followed in the 1860s background edit during the early years of the new mexican republic there was widespread civil disorder as factions competed for control of the country the fighting often resulted in the destruction or looting of private property average citizens had few options for claiming compensation as they had no representatives to speak on their behalf foreigners whose property was damaged or destroyed by rioters or bandits were usually also unable to obtain compensation from the mexican government and they began to appeal to their own governments for help and compensation commercial relationships between france and mexico existed prior to spain s recognition of mexico s independence in 1830 and after the establishment of diplomatic relationships france rapidly became mexico s third largest trade partner french goods were subject to higher taxes as france had yet to secure trade agreements similar to those which had been established by the united states and united kingdom mexico s two largest trade partners 4 chronology edit in a complaint to king louis philippe a french pastry chef known only as monsieur remontel said that in 1832 mexican officers looted his shop in tacubaya then a town on the outskirts of mexico city mexican sources said that the officers from santa anna s government simply refused to pay their bills remontel demanded 60 000 pesos as reparations for the damage his shop was valued at less than 1 000 pesos 5 6 7 8 in view of remontel s complaint which gave its name to the ensuing conflict and of other complaints from french nationals among them the looting in 1828 of french shops at the parian market and the execution in 1837 of a french citizen accused of piracy in 1838 prime minister louis mathieu molé demanded from mexico the payment of 600 000 pesos 3 million francs in damages 4 6 when president anastasio bustamante made no payment the french king ordered a fleet under rear admiral charles baudin to declare and carry out a blockade of all mexican ports on the gulf of mexico from yucatán to the rio grande to bombard the mexican fortress of san juan de ulúa and to seize the city of veracruz which was the most important port on the gulf coast french forces captured veracruz by december 1838 and mexico declared war on france with trade cut off the mexicans began smuggling imports in mexico via corpus christi then part of the republic of texas fearing that france would blockade the republic s ports as well a battalion of texan forces began patrolling corpus christi bay to stop mexican smugglers one smuggling party abandoned their cargo of about a hundred barrels of flour on the beach at the mouth of the bay thus giving flour bluff its name the united states soon sent the schooner woodbury to help the french in their blockade 8 9 french troops under prince de joinville attack the residence of general arista in veracruz 1838 painting by pharamond blanchard meanwhile acting without explicit government authority antonio lópez de santa anna known for his military leadership came out of retirement from his hacienda named manga de clavo near xalapa and surveyed the defenses of veracruz he offered his services to the government which ordered him to fight the french by any means necessary he led mexican forces against the french and fought at the battle of veracruz in 1838 in a skirmish with the rear guard of the french santa anna was wounded in the leg by french grapeshot his leg was amputated and buried with full military honors 10 santa anna returned to power citation needed peace restored edit the french forces withdrew on 9 march 1839 after a peace treaty was signed as part of the treaty the mexican government agreed to pay 600 000 pesos as damages to french citizens while france received promises for future trade commitments in place of war indemnities the damages were never paid and this fact was later used as one of the justifications for the second french intervention in mexico of 1861 5 11 following the mexican victory in 1867 and the collapse of the second french empire in 1870 mexico and france would not resume diplomatic relationships until 1880 when both countries renounced claims related to the wars 7 12 notes edit spanish guerra de los pasteles french guerre des pâtisseries also known as the first french intervention in mexico or first franco mexican war references edit pastry war mexican french diplomatic dispute 1838 1839 britannica britannica com retrieved 12 july 2026 minster christopher 22 october 2019 what was the pastry war thoughtco retrieved 12 july 2026 1 2 3 clodfelter warfare and armed conflicts a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures 1494 2007 2008 p 323 1 2 penot jacques 1973 l expansion commerciale française au mexique et les causes du conflit franco mexicain de 1838 1839 bulletin hispanique 75 169 201 doi 10 3406 hispa 1973 4100 1 2 aguilar casas elsa los pasteles más caros de la historia the most expensive cakes in history instituto nacional de estudios históricos de las revoluciones de méxico in spanish archived from the original on 18 october 2013 1 2 acuerdo entre méxico y francia pone fin a la guerra de los pasteles agreement between mexico and france puts an end to the pastry war plumas libres in spanish 9 march 2015 1 2 coerver don m mexico today an encyclopedia of contemporary history and culture abc clio p 135 isbn 978 157 607 1328 1 2 klein christopher 27 november 2013 the pastry war 175 years ago history channel archived from the original on 3 december 2013 albert a nofi 1994 the alamo and the texas war for independence da capo press isbn 0 306 80563 4 louviere mike 4 february 2013 santa anna s leg the orange leader orange texas archived from the original on 4 november 2013 the mexican campaign 1862 1867 fondation napoléon velázquez flores rafael 2007 factores bases y fundamentos de la política exterior de méxico plaza y valdés p 117 isbn 970 722 473 8 external links edit media related to pastry war at wikimedia commons v t e french colonial conflicts 16th century north america south carolina 1562 florida 1562 65 florida 1568 south america brazil 1531 brazil 1555 67 brazil 1590 04 17th century africa morocco 1629 senegal 1659 77 djidjelli 1664 algiers 1682 algiers 1683 algiers 1688 americas beaver wars 1609 1701 brazil 1612 15 north america 1627 29 west indies 1635 59 carib expulsion 1660 texas 1685 89 king william s war 1689 97 santo domingo 1691 asia siam 1687 90 18th century africa west africa 1758 63 morocco 1765 americas queen anne s war 1702 13 chickasaw wars 1721 52 dummer s war 1721 25 natchez revolt 1729 king george s war 1744 48 nova scotia 1749 55 french and indian war 1754 60 north america 1778 83 caribbean 1778 83 haitian revolution 1791 1804 santo domingo 1795 1809 asia burma france relations 1729 56 india 1746 48 india 1749 54 india 1756 63 vietnam 1777 1820 east indies 1778 83 east indies 1793 1801 egypt and syria 1798 1801 19th century africa indian ocean 1809 11 algeria 1830 47 algeria 1835 1903 morocco 1844 salé 1851 french conquest of senegal 1854 tunisia 1881 madagascar 1883 ivory coast 1883 98 first franco dahomean war 1890 second franco dahomean war 1892 94 second madagascar expedition 1895 menalamba rebellion 1895 1903 voulet chanoine mission 1898 1900 americas west indies 1804 10 río de la plata 1838 40 mexico 1838 39 argentina uruguay 1845 50 intervention in mexico 1861 67 asia pacific ocean moluccas 1810 java 1811 philippines 1844 45 tourane 1847 franco tahitian war 1844 47 tourane 1856 second opium war 1856 60 cochinchina campaign 1858 62 japan 1863 64 korea 1866 tonkin 1873 74 tonkin campaign 1883 86 sino french war 1884 85 tonkin 1886 96 leewards war 1888 97 franco siamese crisis 1893 20th century africa wadai war 1906 11 casablanca 1907 morocco 1911 12 zaian war 1914 21 volta bani war 1915 16 kaocen revolt 1916 17 rif war 1920 26 kongo wara rebellion 1928 31 malagasy uprising 1947 48 tunisian independence 1952 56 algerian war 1954 62 cameroon war 1955 64 suez crisis 1956 ifni war 1957 58 bizerte crisis 1961 asia boxer rebellion 1901 holy man s rebellion 1901 36 vietnam 1916 vietnam 1917 18 vietnam 1918 21 syria 1919 21 cilicia 1920 21 syria 1925 27 tonkin 1930 annam 1930 31 indochina 1940 franco thai war 1940 41 cochinchina 1940 indochina march 1945 south vietnam 1945 46 north vietnam summer 1946 first indochina war 1946 54 pacific ouvéa cave hostage taking 1988 v t e mexico articles history pre columbian era colonial era war of independence first mexican empire control of central america provisional government of mexico first mexican republic spanish reconquest attempts centralist republic of mexico texas revolution pastry war mexican american war second mexican republic la reforma second french intervention second mexican empire restored republic caste war yaqui wars porfiriato mexican revolution second american intervention cristero war maximato institutional revolutionary party world war ii mexican miracle lost decade peso crisis chiapas conflict war on drugs geography borders cities climate climate change earthquakes environmental issues extreme points forests islands lakes metropolitan areas mountains protected natural areas rivers states municipalities territories territorial evolution time tropical cyclone rainfall volcanos water resources management wildlife politics administrative divisions congress senate chamber of deputies constitution elections federal government foreign relations military monarchism political parties president cabinet state congress supreme court law abortion age of consent anti clericalism human rights intersex rights law enforcement lgbt rights same sex marriage economy agriculture automotive industry central bank companies economic history energy renewable energy institutional stock exchange irrigation labor law land reform manufacturing mass media national stock exchange north american free trade agreement nafta oil pensions peso currency petroleum science and technology states by gdp states by unemployment tourism transportation water scarcity society corruption censorship crime demographics education healthcare immigration life expectancy nationality law people indigenous peoples women poverty public holidays states by hdi smoking water supply and sanitation welfare culture architecture art muralism cinema comics cuisine wine dance festivals folklore handcrafts and folk art internet languages literature media film internet magazines newspapers radio television monuments music national symbols radio religion our lady of guadalupe sports mesoamerican ballgame boxing football mixed martial arts professional wrestling lucha libre rugby symbols flag list of flags coat of arms anthem miss méxico world heritage sites outline category portal authority control databases international fast national united states israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title pastry_war oldid 1377329824 categories 1838 conflicts 1839 conflicts 1838 in mexico 1838 in france 1839 in france 1839 in mexico modern mexico wars involving mexico wars involving france wars involving the united kingdom second french intervention in mexico 19th century in mexico looting in north america 19th century military history of france 19th century military history of the united kingdom french involvement in regime change hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from july 2026 articles containing spanish language text articles containing french language text cs1 spanish language sources es all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from march 2025 commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 28 september 2026 at 23 31 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia 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