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william a marra eugene mccarthy other 1988 elections house senate gubernatorial v t e republican party history national union party third party system fourth party system fifth party system sixth party system positions national conventions presidential tickets and presidential primaries 1856 philadelphia frémont dayton 1860 chicago lincoln hamlin 1864 baltimore lincoln johnson 1868 chicago grant colfax 1872 philadelphia grant wilson 1876 cincinnati hayes wheeler 1880 chicago garfield arthur 1884 chicago blaine logan 1888 chicago harrison morton 1892 minneapolis harrison reid 1896 saint louis mckinley hobart 1900 philadelphia mckinley roosevelt 1904 chicago roosevelt fairbanks 1908 chicago taft sherman 1912 chicago taft sherman butler primaries 1916 chicago hughes fairbanks primaries 1920 chicago harding coolidge primaries 1924 cleveland coolidge dawes primaries 1928 kansas city hoover curtis primaries 1932 chicago hoover curtis primaries 1936 cleveland landon knox primaries 1940 philadelphia willkie mcnary primaries 1944 chicago dewey bricker primaries 1948 philadelphia dewey warren primaries 1952 chicago eisenhower nixon primaries 1956 san francisco eisenhower nixon primaries 1960 chicago nixon lodge primaries 1964 san francisco goldwater miller primaries 1968 miami beach nixon agnew primaries 1972 miami beach nixon agnew primaries 1976 kansas city ford dole primaries 1980 detroit reagan g h w bush primaries 1984 dallas reagan g h w bush primaries 1988 new orleans g h w bush quayle primaries 1992 houston g h w bush quayle primaries 1996 san diego dole kemp primaries 2000 philadelphia g w bush cheney primaries 2004 new york g w bush cheney primaries 2008 st paul mccain palin primaries 2012 tampa romney ryan primaries 2016 cleveland trump pence primaries 2020 charlotte other locations trump pence primaries 2024 milwaukee trump vance primaries 2028 houston presidential administrations lincoln 1861 1865 grant 1869 1877 hayes 1877 1881 garfield 1881 arthur 1881 1885 harrison 1889 1893 mckinley 1897 1901 roosevelt 1901 1909 taft 1909 1913 harding 1921 1923 coolidge 1923 1929 hoover 1929 1933 eisenhower 1953 1961 nixon 1969 1974 ford 1974 1977 reagan 1981 1989 g h w bush 1989 1993 g w bush 2001 2009 trump 2017 2021 2025 present u s house leaders speakers and conference chairs pennington 1860 1861 grow 1861 1863 colfax 1863 1869 pomeroy 1869 blaine 1869 1875 mccrary 1875 1877 hale 1877 1879 frye 1879 1881 keifer 1881 1883 cannon 1883 1889 reed 1889 1891 t j henderson 1891 1895 reed 1895 1899 d b henderson 1899 1903 cannon 1903 1911 mann 1911 1919 gillett 1919 1925 longworth 1925 1931 snell 1931 1939 martin 1939 1959 halleck 1959 1965 ford 1965 1973 rhodes 1973 1981 michel 1981 1995 gingrich 1995 1999 hastert 1999 2007 boehner 2007 2015 ryan 2015 2019 mccarthy 2019 2023 johnson 2023 present u s senate leaders and conference chairs j p hale 1859 1862 anthony 1862 1884 sherman 1884 1885 edmunds 1885 1891 sherman 1891 1897 allison 1897 1908 e hale 1908 1911 cullom 1911 1913 gallinger 1913 1918 lodge 1918 1924 curtis 1924 1929 watson 1929 1933 mcnary 1933 1940 austin 1940 1941 mcnary 1941 1944 white 1944 1949 wherry 1949 1952 bridges 1952 1953 taft 1953 knowland 1953 1959 dirksen 1959 1969 scott 1969 1977 baker 1977 1979 stevens 1979 1980 baker 1980 1985 dole 1985 1996 lott 1996 2003 frist 2003 2007 mcconnell 2007 2025 thune 2025 present rnc chairs morgan raymond ward claflin morgan chandler cameron jewell sabin jones quay clarkson campbell carter hanna payne cortelyou new hitchcock hill rosewater hilles wilcox hays adams butler work huston fess sanders fletcher hamilton martin walsh spangler brownell reece scott gabrielson summerfield roberts hall alcorn t morton miller burch bliss r morton dole bush smith brock richards laxalt fahrenkopf fahrenkopf atwater yeutter bond barbour nicholson gilmore racicot gillespie mehlman martínez duncan duncan steele priebus mcdaniel whatley gruters chair elections 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2023 2024 parties by state and territory state alabama alaska arizona arkansas california colorado connecticut delaware florida georgia hawaii idaho illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi missouri montana nebraska nevada new hampshire new jersey new mexico new york north carolina north dakota ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania rhode island south carolina south dakota tennessee texas utah vermont virginia washington west virginia wisconsin wyoming territory american samoa district of columbia guam northern mariana islands puerto rico virgin islands affiliated organizations congress house conference legislative digest steering and policy committees senate conference policy committee factions freedom caucus problem solvers caucus republican governance group republican study committee campaign committees national republican congressional committee national republican redistricting trust national republican senatorial committee republican attorneys general association republican governors association constituency groups college republicans chairmen congressional hispanic conference log cabin republicans national black republican association republican hindu coalition republican jewish coalition republican muslim coalition republican national hispanic assembly republicans abroad teen age republicans young republicans of texas republicans overseas factional groups republican main street partnership republican majority for choice republican liberty caucus republican national coalition for life conservamerica liberty caucus ripon society the wish list state freedom caucuses arizona freedom caucus georgia freedom caucus idaho freedom caucus illinois freedom caucus louisiana freedom caucus missouri freedom caucus montana freedom caucus oklahoma freedom caucus pennsylvania freedom caucus south carolina freedom caucus south dakota freedom caucus wyoming freedom caucus related primaries debates bibliography international democracy union midterm conferences 2026 three legged stool timeline of modern american conservatism trumpism v t e martial law under ferdinand marcos and people power revolution batas militar sa pilipinas background martial law in the philippines 1965 elections conjugal dictatorship philippines united states relations american imperialism cold war vietnam war communist insurgency moro conflict sabah claim jabidah massacre manili massacre 1969 elections 1969 balance of payments crisis first quarter storm agrarian reform diliman commune plaza miranda bombing filipino nationalism human rights in the philippines events timeline of martial law 1972 enrile ambush proclamation no 1081 1973 constitution 1974 sacred heart novitiate raid construction of edifice complex projects 1978 elections interim batasang pambansa beatification of lorenzo ruiz 1981 elections assassination of ninoy aquino negros famine philippine economic history during the marcos dictatorship philippine military history during the marcos dictatorship snap elections timeline of the people power revolution human rights abuses torture methods political detainees palimbang massacre tictapul massacre murder of archimedes trajano murder of macli ing dulag daet massacre bacong bridge massacre murder of juan johnny escandor murder of alex orcullo escalante massacre beew massacre kleptocracy unexplained wealth of the marcos family marcos mansions marcos jewels overseas landholdings of the marcos family japanese official development assistance scandal coco levy fund scam golden buddha theft bataan nuclear power plant aftermath nepotism presidency of corazon aquino philippine constitutional commission of 1986 constitution of the philippines operation big bird mendiola massacre 1987 elections anti aquino coup attempts up dnd accord second great rectification movement burial of ferdinand marcos institutions formed commission on human rights comprehensive agrarian reform program human rights violations victims memorial commission philippine national police presidential commission on good government people pro marcos regime ferdinand marcos imelda marcos cronies and relatives rolex 12 eduardo danding cojuangco jr juan ponce enrile romeo espino fidel ramos fabian ver macario asistio jr roberto benedicto josé yao campos manuel elizalde jr antonio floirendo sr ferdinand bongbong marcos jr maría imelda imee marcos roberto ongpin benjamin kokoy romualdez ignacio santiago sr ricardo silverio florentino sanico solon lucio tan arturo tolentino nicanor yñiguez cabinet technocrats cesar virata onofre corpuz armand fabella jaime c laya placido mapa jr carlos p romulo pro marcos journalists jose joe guevarra people opposition middle force opposition mainstream opposition opposition leaders agapito butz aquino benigno ninoy aquino jr corazon c cory aquino josé w ka pepe diokno salvador h doy laurel gerardo m gerry roxas jovito r ka jovy salonga cardinal jaime sin lorenzo m ka tanny tañada sr business sector jose s concepcion jr domingo m guevara sr alejandro a ka ding lichauco eugenio geny lopez jr jaime ongpin alfonso yuchengco quintin yuyitung rizal yuyitung political sector jacobo amatong ceferino joker arroyo jejomar binay cesar climaco jose peping cojuangco jr margarita tingting cojuangco roberto concepcion hilario davide jr soledad duterte marcelo fernan neptali gonzales raul m gonzalez teofisto guingona jr ribomapil dodong holganza sr evelio javier vicente jayme eva estrada kalaw jose b lingad diosdado macapagal ernesto maceda raul manglapus primitivo mijares ramon mitra jr sergio serge osmeña iii ambrosio padilla cecilia muñoz palma vicente paterno aquilino nene pimentel jr eduardo quintero soledad roa duterte francisco soc rodrigo jose benedicto luis j b l reyes rene saguisag abraham sarmiento sr wigberto tañada claudio teehankee luis villafuerte haydee yorac calixto zaldivar religious sector zacarias agatep teodoro bacani jr mariani dimaranan joe dizon tullio favali inocencio ipong isabelo magalit mary john mananzan violeta marcos pacifico ortiz magnifico osorio miguel purugganan james reuter rudy romano mary christine tan carlos tayag ricardo vidal the magnificent seven francisco claver federico escaler antonio fortich julio xavier labayen orlando quevedo felix perez jesus varela academic and cultural sector opposition academics and cultural workers freddie aguilar apo hiking society danny javier boboy garrovillo jim paredes lualhati bautista lino brocka ishmael bernal noel cabangon benedicto cabrera behn cervantes renato constantino carmen i ka nena diokno gilda cordero fernando butch dalisay the jerks nick joaquin emmanuel eman lacaba jose pete lacaba inang laya ricky lee celeste legaspi salvador p lopez bienvenido lumbera leah navarro francisco nemenzo jr willie nepomuceno bibeth orteza gaston z gasty ortigas nemesio prudente kidlat tahimik student activists lean alejandro edgar ang sinco manuel bautista neri colmenares liliosa hilao antonio hilario bonifacio ilagan edgar jopson joel lamangan carol pagaduan armando palabay tish pascual ladlad nestor principe susan quimpo abraham sarmiento jr antonio tagamolila archimedes trajano southern tagalog 10 cristina catalla gerardo faustino rizalina ilagan jessica sales left wing opposition fidel agcaoili lean alejandro conrado balweg lorena barros walden bello crispin beltran bernabe buscayno victor corpus maita gomez luis jalandoni emmanuel eman lacaba filemon lagman satur ocampo felixberto olalia sr rolando olalia jose maria sison nilo tayag crispin tagamolila benito tiamzon wilma tiamzon antonio zumel armed forces opposition resistance during the marcos administration commodore ramon a alcaraz col bonifacio gillego capt rogelio morales pn capt danilo vizmanos pn brig gen marcos g soliman reform the armed forces movement juan ponce enrile col gregorio gringo honasan col eduardo red kapunan jr bgen jose t almonte col victor batac col hector tarrazona col billy bibit support withdrawn during the people power revolution lt gen fidel v ramos commodore tagumpay jardiniano col charles hotchkiss col antonio sotelo col rodolfo biazon lt benjamin magalong opposition journalists eugenia apostol david bueno joe burgos amando doronila ma ceres doyo inday espina varona chit estella betty go belmonte letty jimenez magsanoc jose pete lacaba teodoro locsin sr armando malay antonio tony nieva alex orcullo napoleon g rama joaquin chino roces maximo soliven jose mari velez people american interested parties stephen w bosworth henry a byroade philip habib george hamilton paul laxalt richard lugar paul manafort ronald reagan political groups political coalitions alliance of makati associations anti bases coalition august twenty one movement bagong alyansang makabayan concerned women of the philippines free legal assistance group gabriela women s party justice for aquino justice for all kilusan sa kapangyarihan at karapatan ng bayan movement of attorneys for brotherhood integrity and nationalism inc movement for a free philippines movement of concerned citizens for civil liberties national movement for free elections task force detainees of the philippines political parties kilusang bagong lipunan liberal party partido demokratiko pilipino lakas ng bayan united nationalist democratic organization locations camp aguinaldo camp crame clark air base club filipino epifanio de los santos avenue edsa fort bonifacio fort magsaysay hawaii malacañang palace ortigas center villamor air base cultural effects popular culture songs bagong pagsilang bayan ko handog ng pilipino sa mundo magkaisa saranggola ni pepe tatsulok tie a yellow ribbon round the ole oak tree films produced by the marcoses iginuhit ng tadhana the ferdinand e marcos story 1965 pinagbuklod ng langit 1969 maharlika 1970 1987 da real makoy 1977 tadhana 1978 maid in malacañang 2023 martyr or murderer 2024 11 103 ako si ninoy barber s tales batas militar citizen jake a dangerous life dekada 70 edjop eskapo evolution of a filipino family forbidden memory from what is before imelda imelda papin the untold story katips the kingmaker kumander dante the last journey of ninoy liway ml oras de peligro pisay the red shoes a rustling of leaves inside the philippine revolution sa dulo ng baril sakada season of the devil signos why is yellow the middle of the rainbow literature the conjugal dictatorship of ferdinand and imelda marcos dekada 70 some are smarter than others subversive lives a family memoir of the marcos years waltzing with a dictator other media here lies love musical maalaala mo kaya the ninoy and cory aquino story kalapati makinilya super robot suffer reboot voltes v slogans isang bansa isang diwa sa ikauunlad ng bayan disiplina ang kailangan tama na sobra na palitan na never again gestures v sign laban sign raised fist legacy and historiography monuments and memorials bantayog ng mga bayani edsa shrine people power monument individuals disinformation and distortionism ferdinand marcos s cult of personal...