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peace of prague 1635 wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 background 2 terms 3 aftermath toggle aftermath subsection 3 1 accessions 3 2 imperial restoration and territorial changes 3 3 continuation of wars 4 footnotes 5 references 6 sources 7 external links toggle the table of contents peace of prague 1635 31 languages العربية беларуская български català čeština dansk deutsch español euskara فارسی français עברית hornjoserbsce bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული 한국어 македонски nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina српски srpski svenska türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia for the settlement ending the austro prussian war see peace of prague 1866 saxony makes peace with emperor ferdinand peace of prague john george i elector of saxony signed 30 may 1635 a location prague castle bohemia mediators george ii of hesse darmstadt negotiators trauttmansdorff von senftenau von gebhardt von döring von sebottendorf von oppel 1 original signatories emperor ferdinand ii john george i signatories numerous 1 parties emperor ferdinand ii john george i languages german b the peace of prague c dated 30 may 1635 old style was a significant turning point in the thirty years war signed by john george i elector of saxony and ferdinand ii holy roman emperor the terms ended saxony s support for the anti imperial coalition led by sweden other states within the holy roman empire subsequently joined the treaty and their exit was a key factor in catholic france entering the war as an ally of protestant sweden although fighting continued until 1648 it is generally agreed prague ended the war as primarily one of religion 3 4 background edit the thirty years war began in 1618 when the protestant frederick v of the palatinate accepted the crown of bohemia most members of the holy roman empire viewed it as an internal dynastic dispute with bavarian support emperor ferdinand quickly suppressed the bohemian revolt troops under maximilian i elector of bavaria invaded the palatinate in 1622 and sent frederick into exile however depriving a hereditary prince of his lands changed both the nature and the extent of the war citation needed christian iv of denmark invaded northern germany in support of his fellow protestants until forced to withdraw in 1629 success led ferdinand to pass the edict of restitution which required any property transferred since 1552 to be restored to its original owner which was in nearly every case the catholic church by effectively undoing the 1555 peace of augsburg the edict forced moderate protestants like john george of saxony and george william of brandenburg into opposition 5 that increased after 1627 by having a large imperial army based on their lands whose rarely paid troops simply took what they wanted 6 emperor ferdinand ii ca 1635 in 1630 gustavus adolphus of sweden invaded pomerania with money from france and support from saxony and brandenburg prussia after his death at the battle of lützen 1632 sweden formed the heilbronn league funded by france and composed of smaller german protestant states the league won a number of victories until defeat at nördlingen in 1634 7 one result of nördlingen was to highlight strategic differences between individual heilbronn members sweden competed with prussia and the dutch republic over the lucrative baltic trade and sought to retain its post 1630 acquisition of swedish pomerania to strengthen its borders in the rhineland and low countries france supported the dutch against the swedes in the baltic and also backed maximilian of bavaria a leader of the anti swedish catholic league most of their german allies wanted to restore the territorial position of 1618 which implied reversing french and swedish gains 8 after 1632 ferdinand accepted catholicism could not be re imposed by force and opened discussions on amending the edict of restitution in february 1633 eighteen months before nördlingen 9 the execution of imperial commander albrecht von wallenstein in february 1634 removed a major obstacle since he had become an independent agent with the lutheran states of denmark norway and hesse darmstadt acting as mediators the two parties agreed a preliminary draft in november 1634 known as the pirnaer noteln although subject to many corrections and revisions this formed the basis of the 1635 agreement 1 terms edit the treaty was a bilateral agreement between ferdinand and john george and other states joined later negotiations took eight days and were held in prague castle the site of the defenestrations of prague which had begun the war in 1618 10 its terms included the following the edict of restitution was effectively revoked and the date for returning properties was established as 12 november 1627 however under the reservatum ecclesiasticum protestant administrators of formally catholic prince bishoprics and imperial abbeys were excluded from the imperial diet citation needed formal alliances between states within the empire or with outside powers were prohibited which led to dissolution of the catholic and heilbronn leagues citation needed in principle the armies of the various states were unified into the army of the holy roman empire but that proved almost impossible to enforce citation needed a general amnesty was granted to those who had fought against imperial troops apart from descendants of former winter king frederick v of the palatinate 1596 1632 citation needed aftermath edit accessions edit many other states and rulers subsequently acceded to the treaty including 31 august 1635 george duke of brunswick calenberg principality of calenberg and duchy of brunswick lüneburg 11 electorate of brandenburg clarification needed 11 electorate of mainz 11 ferdinand of bavaria electorate of cologne prince bishopric of münster the chapter of münster signed as a separate party and prince bishopric of paderborn 11 franz von hatzfeld prince bishopric of bamberg 11 george ii landgrave of hesse darmstadt landgraviate of hesse darmstadt 11 saxe weimar 11 saxe gotha 11 duchy of mecklenburg schwerin 11 the princes of anhalt clarification needed 11 countess katharine of lippe detmold 11 12 count of zweibrücken hanau clarification needed 11 hanseatic league cities such as the free city of hamburg and the free city of bremen 11 several imperial cities such as erfurt which never achieved imperial city status 11 free city of frankfurt 11 imperial city of memmingen 11 free imperial city of nuremberg 11 free imperial city of ulm 11 electorate of bavaria 1 better source needed some exceptions calvinist william v landgrave of hesse kassel initially also acceded to the peace of prague but in 1636 concluded an alliance with france instead which earned him an imperial ban 11 the imperial city of strasbourg did not accede to the treaty 11 the duchy of württemberg was explicitly excluded from the treaty 11 imperial restoration and territorial changes edit holy roman empire 1648 its complexity presented opportunities for external powers some of the states that later acceded to the peace of prague received minor concessions brandenburg prussia was confirmed as holder of farther pomerania previously a possession of the last duke bogislaw xiv 1 in 1623 saxony occupied the bohemian crown lands of lower and upper lusatia in return for its support during the bohemian revolt under the traditionsrezess annex of 1636 ferdinand ceded both territories in perpetuity plus the towns of jüterbog dahme and burg querfurt john george also received the archbishopric of magdeburg and halberstadt after agreeing not to secularise them these were transferred to brandenburg prussia in 1648 13 while ferdinand continued the counter reformation in his own lands it is generally agreed the peace of prague ended it as an internal religious conflict and re established the principle of cuius regio eius religio by renouncing their right to create alliances and handing over control of armed forces the imperial estates in return acknowledged the supremacy of the emperor 14 continuation of wars edit however those principles were not universally followed and hostilities continued they included internal struggles between imperial states such as the hessian war as well as intervention by foreign powers the war expanded on 19 may 1635 when france declared war on spain and entered the thirty years war as an active belligerent while his elder brother william duke of saxe weimar joined the peace bernard of saxe weimar and his army were employed by france against spanish possessions in lorraine and in the rhineland in 1642 sweden won a decisive victory at breitenfeld and overran saxony many german states responded by shifting towards neutrality and negotiating independently from the emperor the various parties fought on in the hope of improving their position and peace was not finally achieved until the peace of westphalia in 1648 15 footnotes edit all dates in article are old style while most treaties of the period were written in latin german was used for agreements within the holy roman empire 2 czech pražský mír german prager frieden references edit 1 2 3 4 5 asbach schröder 2014 p 288 espenhorst 2016 p 510 onnekink rommelse 2019 p 62 espenhorst 2016 p 512 bireley 2003 p 111 knox 2017 p 182 knox 2017 pp 181 knox 2017 pp 182 183 bireley 1976 p 31 asbach schröder 2014 p 287 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 espenhorst 2016 p 514 engel 1980 p 167 asbach schröder 2014 p 293 bireley 1976 p 32 knox 2017 p 187 sources edit asbach olaf schröder peter 2014 the ashgate research companion to the thirty years war ashgate isbn 978 1409406297 espenhorst martin 2016 the peace of prague a failed settlement the ashgate research companion to the thirty years war ashgate isbn 9781317041344 bireley robert 2003 the jesuits and the thirty years war kings courts and confessors cambridge university press isbn 978 0521820172 bireley robert 1976 the peace of prague 1635 and the counterreformation in germany the journal of modern history 48 1 31 69 doi 10 1086 241519 s2cid 143376778 engel gustav 1980 politische geschichte westfalens in german grote isbn 978 3774564428 knox bill 2017 tucker spencer ed enduring controversies in military history volume i critical analyses and context greenwood press isbn 978 1440841194 onnekink david rommelse gijs 2019 the dutch in the early modern world a history of a global power cambridge university press isbn 978 1107125810 wedgwood cv 2005 the thirty years war new york review of books isbn 978 1590171462 external links edit german wikisource has original text related to this article peace of prague 1635 scan of the imperial saxon treaty at ieg mainz 81 pages authority control databases international gnd national united states czech republic israel v t e treaties of the thirty years war 1618 1648 pre war vienna 1606 lieben de 1608 antwerp 1609 osterhusen 1611 xanten 1614 hague 1614 tyrnau 1615 asti 1615 loudun 1616 oñate 1617 busza 1617 madrid 1617 pavia 1617 wartime munich 1619 hofburg de 1619 ulm 1620 mainz de 1621 madrid 1621 khotyn 1621 nikolsburg 1621 paris 1623 regensburg 1623 vienna 1624 compiègne 1624 southampton 1625 the hague 1625 paris 1626 monzón 1626 pressburg 1626 bohemia de 1627 königsberg 1627 franzburg 1627 munich 1628 suza 1629 lübeck 1629 madrid 1630 stettin 1630 regensburg 1630 leipzig de 1631 bärwalde 1631 cherasco 1631 fontainebleau 1631 vic sur seille 1632 liverdun fr 1632 heilbronn 1633 charmes fr 1633 ebersdorf 1634 paris de 1634 compiègne 1635 paris de 1635 saint germain en laye de 1635 prague 1635 wismar 1636 wesel 1636 regensburg de 1637 cologne de 1637 hamburg 1638 dorsten 1639 naples 1639 ceret 1640 saint germain en laye fr 1641 the hague 1641 péronne 1641 hamburg 1641 turin 1642 goslar 1642 brömsebro 1645 kötzschenbroda de 1645 linz de 1645 lengerich de 1646 eulenberg de 1646 ulm 1647 1st münster 1648 westphalia 1648 2nd münster osnabrück post war zelo domus dei it 1648 nuremberg de 1650 stettin 1653 regensburg de 1654 pyrenees 1659 céret fr 1660 llivia fr 1660 vincennes fr 1661 the hague 1661 lisbon 1668 campaigns retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title peace_of_prague_ 1635 oldid 1361393894 categories 1635 in europe treaties of the holy roman empire peace treaties thirty years war treaties 1635 treaties treaties of the electorate of saxony treaties of the electorate of bavaria 1635 in the holy roman empire 17th century in saxony ferdinand ii holy roman emperor hidden categories use dmy dates from october 2019 articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing czech language text articles containing german language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from february 2022 articles with unsourced statements from april 2022 wikipedia articles needing clarification from april 2022 all articles lacking reliable references articles lacking reliable references from april 2022 cs1 german language sources de this page was last edited on 27 june 2026 at 17 50 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this 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