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ions of power 11 the first peaceful transition of power between civilians in nigeria took place in 2007 although the outgoing and incoming presidents were of the same party and the preceding election was characterized by widespread irregularities 12 in 2018 liberia had its first electoral transfer of power since 1944 13 the first peaceful transition of power in the democratic republic of the congo took place in 2019 with outgoing president joseph kabila yielding power to opposition leader felix tshisekedi 14 the first transition of power from one democratically elected leader to another in niger took place in 2021 following a long history of coups d etat 15 followed by another military coup in 2023 16 europe edit georgia edit see also democratic backsliding in georgia the transfer of power resulting from the 2012 georgian parliamentary election was considered an important case of peaceful transfer of power in the post soviet political development of georgia which since the soviet period had earlier gone through changes such as the rose revolution in 2003 10 north america edit united states edit see also attempts to overturn the 2020 united states presidential election and democratic backsliding in the united states a peaceful transition of power has been the norm in united states presidential transitions the transition from john adams to thomas jefferson in 1801 was considered an important milestone for the country s fledgling democracy and was the first time the presidency was handed over to a political opponent all elections except 2020 have resulted in peaceful transitions of power where the losing party willingly and peacefully relinquished power to the opposition 17 18 the transition is institutionalized through symbolic acts like the presidential inaugurations 19 20 outgoing u s presidents traditionally attend the inaugurations of their successors a symbol of the peaceful passage of power from one administration to the next 21 this concept of loser s consent plays a vital role in maintaining democratic stability 22 political parties in the u s have come to accept electoral defeat as part of the democratic process reinforcing the idea that the legitimacy of the electoral system depends on the willingness of political actors to adhere to its outcomes in 2020 incumbent republican president donald trump publicly refused to commit to a peaceful transfer of power if he lost his reelection bid 23 he was defeated in the 2020 election by joe biden in both the popular vote and the electoral vote but refused to accept defeat trump falsely claimed election fraud initiated a seven part plan to overturn the election and engaged in an aggressive and unprecedented 24 25 campaign to remain in power 26 trump s fellow republicans had varied reactions to trump s false election fraud claims 27 28 29 30 trump s strong grip on the republican party led to a majority of the party supporting or refusing to actively oppose him 31 among those who stood firm against trump s attempts to subvert the 2020 election results were vice president mike pence georgia secretary of state brad raffensperger and the courts on 6 january 2021 a pro trump mob inflamed by trump s false claims attacked the capitol in washington d c in a failed attempt to keep trump in power the mob disrupted the counting of the electoral votes by a joint session of congress for several hours 32 33 34 five people died either shortly before during or following the attack 35 the following day trump condemned the attack and committed to the peaceful transition of power but refused to mention biden s name in his farewell address and did not attend biden s inauguration 36 after the power transfer he has routinely repeated election lies and defended the riots 37 debate continues as to whether the events of the 2020 election represent a temporary aberration or a deeper more sustained threat to the democratic fabric of the nation some argue that the rise of political polarization the spread of disinformation and the increasing willingness of political actors to reject established norms could point to a more profound crisis of legitimacy 38 others believe that the resilience of u s institutions in the face of these challenges demonstrates that the foundations of democracy while tested remain robust 39 the aftermath of the 2024 election saw a peaceful transfer of power between biden and a returning trump 40 south america edit in venezuela in 1958 the puntofijo pact allowed a political agreement to respect the election results 41 allowing for a peaceful transition of power after the ouster of dictator marcos pérez jiménez and during the country s democratic period 42 see also edit power sharing nonviolent revolution peaceful revolution succession crisis references edit 1 2 3 4 5 peaceful transitions of power have been rare in modern states but once the habit has been acquired it sticks europp 26 november 2014 archived from the original on 9 october 2020 retrieved 25 september 2020 1 2 graham emmanuel july 2017 the third peaceful transfer of power and democratic consolidation in ghana pdf africology the journal of pan african studies 10 5 99 127 archived pdf from the original on 11 july 2020 retrieved 25 september 2020 1 2 tamarkin m 1979 from kenyatta to moi the anatomy of a peaceful transition of power africa today 26 3 21 37 issn 0001 9887 jstor 4185874 1 2 mangu andre mbata b 1 june 2004 dr congo the long road from war to peace and challenges for peaceful transition and national reconstruction africa insight 34 2_3 31 38 issn 0256 2804 archived from the original on 9 october 2020 retrieved 25 september 2020 1 2 ahmed jasem mohamad 2012 democracy and the problem of peaceful transfer of power journal of al frahedis arts 04 10 archived from the original on 9 october 2020 retrieved 25 september 2020 1 2 3 4 przeworski adam 1 january 2015 acquiring the habit of changing governments through elections comparative political studies 48 1 101 129 doi 10 1177 0010414014543614 issn 0010 4140 s2cid 154441890 subscription required sutter daniel 1995 settling old scores potholes along the transition from authoritarian rule the journal of conflict resolution 39 1 110 128 doi 10 1177 0022002795039001005 issn 0022 0027 jstor 174324 s2cid 145445935 first peaceful transfer of power possible in the drc regional focus east africa africa conflict monitor 2017 feb 2017 35 39 1 february 2017 issn 2311 6943 archived from the original on 9 october 2020 retrieved 25 september 2020 yayloyan diana 28 february 2019 a peaceful transition of power and public s expectations in armenia economic policy research foundation of turkey archived from the original on 9 october 2020 retrieved 25 september 2020 via think asia 1 2 giorgi benashvili peaceful transfer of political power and its characteristics in georgia the georgian parliamentary elections of 2012 instrument bibliometric national retrieved 25 september 2020 o hanlon michael brigety reuben opalo ken 27 november 2018 power transitions in africa brookings archived from the original on 11 september 2021 retrieved 10 august 2023 a first in nigeria a peaceful succession of power the new york times associated press 30 may 2007 archived from the original on 11 september 2021 retrieved 10 august 2023 husted tomas f 14 february 2020 liberia background and u s relations pdf congressional research service p 5 archived pdf from the original on 11 september 2021 mwanamilongo saleh 24 january 2019 new congo president marks first peaceful transfer of power christian science monitor associated press issn 0882 7729 archived from the original on 11 september 2021 retrieved 10 august 2023 mamane dalatou 2 april 2021 niger inaugurates president in 1st democratic power transfer associated press archived from the original on 11 september 2021 niger s president held by guards in apparent coup attempt al jazeera 26 july 2023 retrieved 8 january 2024 pruitt sarah 17 september 2020 how the peaceful transfer of power began with john adams history archived from the original on 14 january 2021 retrieved 7 january 2021 all 10 living former defense secretaries involving the military in election disputes would cross into dangerous territory the washington post 3 january 2021 archived from the original on 6 january 2021 retrieved 6 january 2021 peaceful transition of power national archives 18 november 2016 archived from the original on 9 october 2020 retrieved 25 september 2020 fortin jacey 19 january 2021 trump is not the first president to snub an inauguration the new york times archived from the original on 25 january 2021 retrieved 11 september 2021 garrison joey a president hasn t refused to attend the inauguration of his successor in 152 years donald trump will change that usa today archived from the original on 16 june 2023 retrieved 10 august 2023 layman geoffrey lee frances wolbrecht christina 2023 political parties and loser s consent in american politics the annals of the american academy of political and social science 708 164 183 doi 10 1177 00027162241229309 breuninger kevin 23 september 2020 trump won t commit to peaceful transfer of power if he loses the election cnbc archived from the original on 9 october 2020 retrieved 25 september 2020 kumar anita orr gabby 21 december 2020 inside trump s pressure campaign to overturn the election politico archived from the original on 22 december 2020 retrieved 11 september 2021 trump s efforts to cling to power are unprecedented in american history while political parties have fought over the results of presidential elections before no incumbent president has ever made such expansive and individualized pleas to the officials who oversee certification of the election results sanger david e 19 november 2020 trump s attempts to overturn the election are unparalleled in u s history the new york times archived from the original on 20 november 2020 retrieved 11 september 2021 president trump s attempts to overturn the 2020 election are unprecedented in american history and an even more audacious use of brute political force to gain the white house than when congress gave rutherford b hayes the presidency during reconstruction multiple sources miller zeke long colleen eggert david 20 november 2020 trump tries to leverage power of office to subvert biden win associated press archived from the original on 28 november 2020 retrieved 8 december 2020 haberman maggie rutenberg jim corasaniti nick epstein reid j 20 november 2020 trump targets michigan in his ploy to subvert the election the new york times archived from the original on 2 december 2020 retrieved 8 december 2020 trump presses georgia governor to help subvert election marketwatch associated press 5 december 2020 archived from the original on 8 december 2020 retrieved 8 december 2020 the growing backlash against trump s efforts to subvert the election consider this from npr npr 20 november 2020 archived from the original on 2 december 2020 retrieved 8 december 2020 raju manu herb jeremy 7 december 2020 house conservatives urge trump not to concede and press for floor fight over election loss cnn archived from the original on 8 december 2020 retrieved 8 december 2020 snyder timothy 9 january 2021 the american abyss the new york times archived from the original on 14 january 2022 retrieved 9 february 2021 ben ghiat ruth 26 january 2021 opinion trump s big lie wouldn t have worked without his thousands of little lies cnn archived from the original on 22 october 2021 retrieved 11 september 2021 wolfe jan heavey susan 25 january 2021 trump lawyer giuliani faces 1 3 billion lawsuit over big lie election fraud claims reuters archived from the original on 23 october 2021 retrieved 11 september 2021 block melissa 16 january 2021 can the forces unleashed by trump s big election lie be undone npr archived from the original on 28 november 2021 retrieved 11 september 2021 pilkington ed 24 january 2021 donald trump is gone but his big lie is a rallying call for rightwing extremists the guardian archived from the original on 18 january 2022 retrieved 9 february 2021 parks miles 4 december 2020 as trump s election pressure campaign hits republican officials some hit back npr archived from the original on 14 january 2021 retrieved 7 january 2021 bump philip 24 february 2021 the uncomfortable reality even many republican officials believe false election claims the washington post archived from the original on 17 april 2021 retrieved 10 august 2023 kane paul clement scott 5 december 2020 just 27 congressional republicans acknowledge biden s win washington post survey finds the washington post archived from the original on 5 december 2020 retrieved 10 august 2023 crowley michael 6 november 2020 trump s false election fraud claims split republicans the new york times archived from the original on 16 november 2020 retrieved 10 august 2023 galvin daniel j 1 july 2020 party domination and base mobilization donald trump and republican party building in a polarized era the forum 18 2 135 168 doi 10 1515 for 2020 2003 issn 1540 8884 khavin dmitriy willis haley hill evan reneau natalie jordan drew engelbrecht cora triebert christiaan cooper stella browne malachy botti david 30 june 2021 day of rage an in depth look at how a mob stormed the capitol the new york times archived from the original on 21 september 2021 retrieved 11 september 2021 long colleen balsamo michael 26 august 2021 capitol police officers sue trump allies over insurrection associated press archived from the original on 20 september 2021 retrieved 11 september 2021 mogelson luke 15 january 2021 capitol police officers sue trump allies over insurrection the new yorker the new yorker archived from the original on 18 january 2021 retrieved 11 september 2021 levenson eric vera amir kallingal mallika 7 january 2021 what we know about the 5 deaths in the pro trump mob that stormed the capitol cnn archived from the original on 14 january 2021 retrieved 7 january 2021 martin jeffery 7 january 2021 full text of speech in which donald trump finally concedes election to biden without naming him newsweek archived from the original on 15 february 2021 retrieved 11 june 2021 dale daniel 12 june 2021 trump is doing more lying about the election than talking about any other subject cnn archived from the original on 16 june 2021 layman geoffrey lee frances wolbrecht christina 2023 political parties and loser s consent in american politics the annals of the american academy of political and social science 708 164 183 doi 10 1177 00027162241229309 front matter the independent review 26 1 2021 jstor 48647330 hutzler alexandra nagle molly 13 november 2024 trump and biden both call for smooth transition in historic oval office meeting abc news retrieved 13 november 2024 corrales javier 1 january 2001 strong societies weak parties regime change in cuba and venezuela in the 1950s and today latin american politics and society 43 2 81 113 doi 10 2307 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