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influence, romanization, overviews, alayan, critical, comparative, study, 234, 2006, 41223878, jstor, 0308, 8421, issn, proceedings, seminar, studies, bruce, 1994, amsterdam, benjamins, pub, 155619725x, alexeyev, 2003, аст, 311, 9785897371518, asia, geographical, handbook, zhluktenko, 1988, naukova, dumka, 190, 9785120001410, interlanguage, relations, capitalist, states, third, 2001, brill, xix, 9004107630, culture, society, glossary, references, box, huwah, اهو, ihwa, هُوَّ, huwwa, هُوَ, huwa, kima, kama, camel, piece, wood, نَحْسِبُ, naḥsibu, count, hāḏa, hāda, هدا, hāḏā, َّهُم, humma, them, حنا, ḥinna, احنا, iḥna, نحنا, niḥna, نَحْن, naḥnu, حِقيقة, ḥigīga, ḥagīga, ḥaqīqa, كِبير, kibīr, big, ḵall, خَلِّي, خَلِّ, leave, اَحْفُر, aḥfur, dig, صَحَا, ṣaḥa, صِحِي, ṣiḥi, صَحِيَ, ṣaḥiya, صحا, ṣaḥā, woke, تَقْعِد, tagʿid, tagʿud, تِقْعُد, tigʿud, taqʿud, sits, yaktib, يْكَتِب, ykatib, يِكْتُب, yiktub, يَكْتُبُ, writes, يَدْخِل, yadḵil, يِدْخُل, yidḵul, enters, كِتَب, kitab, كَتَب, كَتَبَ, wrote, يْعَرِف, yʿarif, يِعْرِف, yiʿrif, يَعْرِف, yaʿrif, knows, صِدَق, ṣidag, ṣadag, ṣadaq, told, سِكَن, sikan, inhabited, كِنَّا, kinna, kunna, kunnā, were, ẓaḥa, ظَحى, ḍaḥa, ضُحَى, ḍuḥā, early, morning, وين, wēn, فين, fēn, أين, ʼayn, where, نست, nisat, نِسْيَت, nisyat, نَسِيَت, nasiyat, forgot, لقى, liga, ligi, laqiya, found, riḥ, اِذْهَب, iḏhab, قِل, gil, قُل, qul, say, يِبَس, yibas, يِبِس, yibis, يَبِس, yabis, dried, فَقُر, fagur, فَقْر, faqr, poverty, قَصِر, gaṣir, قَصُر, gaṣur, قَصر, qaṣr, palace, قبر, gabir, قَبُر, gabur, قَبْر, qabr, tomb, قِلْت, gilt, gult, qult, شِرَب, širab, شِرِب, širib, شَرِب, šarib, drank, كِبَر, kibar, كِبِر, kibir, كَبُرَ, kabura, got, bigger, كِل, kill, خِذْ, ḵiḏ, ḵud, خُد, take, كَلَّمْك, kallamk, كَلَّمَك, kallamak, كَلَّمَكَ, kallamaka, talked, قُوي, guwi, قَوي, gawi, قَوِيّ, qawiyy, strong, قِليل, gilīl, galīl, qalīl, little, رْقَبة, rgaba, رْقُبة, rguba, ragaba, raqaba, neck, بِقَر, bigar, بُقَر, bugar, bagar, baqar, cows, qālū, qahwa, coffee, بَعَد, baʿad, ḏālik, barẓu, برظه, barḍu, أيْضًا, ʾayḍan, ḏālika, الحين, هالحين, hal, ذحين, دحين, daḥēn, الآن, alʼān, now, yarkiẓ, يَرْكِظ, yajri, يِجْري, yijri, yarkuḍu, yajrī, run, خِبْز, ḵibz, ʿayš, ḵubuz, ʿēš, ḵubz, bread, أبي, ʼabi, أبغى, ʼabḡa, أريد, ʼurīd, want, wiš, ويش, wēš, weš, إيش, ʾēš, ماذا, māḏā, ماء, water, term, comparison, number, compares, addition, tribal, which, shows, correlation, those, excluding, surrounding, regions, dhofar, characterized, shift, affrication, respectively, contexts, defined, outside, najd, najran, syria, along, especially, strictly, speaking, there, distinct, one, rural, another, part, yanbu, taif, medina, red, sea, displays, past, conjugation, very, suffix, has, cairo, citation, needed, aden, usually, noted, originating, spread, migration, spanning, notable, examples, empty, quarter, desert, southwestern, stretching, generalizes, peripheral, historically, populations, these, share, syntactic, bahah, both, note, existence, approximate, historical, closer, elsewhere, local, retained, lost, conservation, indeterminate, retain, syntax, vocabulary, but, still, nouns, throughout, jordan, iraq, iran, qatar, kuwait, united, emirates, arab1393, glottolog, variously, acq, ssh, acx, ars, acw, ayh, afb, avl, adf, abv, 639, writing, system, west, afro, asiatic, family, million, 2018, 2023, native, speakers, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, permanent, link, related, here, general, actions, english, talk, اردو, русский, português, پنجابی, bahasa, indonesia, français, فارسی, español, esperanto, català, asturianu, مصرى, العربية, top, personal, special, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

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peninsular arabic wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 varieties 2 see also 3 footnotes 4 bibliography toggle the table of contents peninsular arabic 14 languages العربية مصرى asturianu català esperanto español فارسی français bahasa indonesia پنجابی português русский اردو 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia varieties of arabic of the arabian peninsula peninsular arabic arabian arabic عربية شبه الجزيرة region arabian peninsula native speakers 77 million 2018 2023 1 language family afro asiatic semitic west semitic central semitic arabic peninsular arabic dialects gulf bahrani omani hejazi shihhi dhofari yemeni bedawi najdi bareqi writing system arabic script language codes iso 639 3 variously abv bahrani arabic adf dhofari arabic avl eastern egyptian bedawi arabic afb gulf arabic ayh hadhrami arabic acw hejazi arabic ars najdi arabic acx omani arabic ayn sanʽani arabic ssh shihhi arabic acq taʽizzi adeni arabic glottolog arab1393 peninsular arabic arabic عربية شبه الجزيرة are the varieties of arabic spoken throughout the arabian peninsula this includes the countries of saudi arabia yemen oman united arab emirates kuwait bahrain qatar southern iran southern iraq and jordan 2 the modern dialects spoken in the arabian peninsula are closer to classical arabic than elsewhere in the arab world 3 4 some of the local dialects have retained many archaic features lost in other dialects such as the conservation of nunation for indeterminate nouns they retain most classical syntax and vocabulary but still have some differences from classical arabic like the other dialects distribution of dialects in the arabian peninsula varieties edit approximate historical distribution of semitic languages ingham 5 and holes 6 both note the existence of two peninsular dialect groups a southwestern dialect group that includes most of the dialects of south arabia stretching as far north as al bahah holes generalizes it to a sedentary or peripheral group that also includes dialects of historically sedentary populations on the persian gulf coast such as omani arabic and bahrani arabic these dialects share certain syntactic features with modern south arabian languages a central eastern dialect group originating in the center that spread with the migration of arab tribes this group includes the dialects of most bedouin tribes in the peninsula spanning an area extending from the syrian desert to the empty quarter its most notable examples are najdi arabic and gulf arabic the following varieties are usually noted yemeni arabic displays a past conjugation with the very archaic k suffix as in southern semitic languages the dialect of aden has ɡʲ ɡ as in cairo citation needed hejazi arabic spoken in saudi arabia along the coast of the red sea especially in the cities of mecca and jeddah strictly speaking there are two distinct dialects spoken in the hejaz region one by the bedouin rural population and another by the urban population in cities such as jeddah mecca medina taif and yanbu the bedouin varieties are part of the najdi dialect group najdi arabic spoken in the center of the peninsula in saudi arabia and is characterized by a shift of q to ɡ and affrication of k and ɡ to ts and dz respectively in certain contexts as defined by ingham 5 this dialect group also includes many bedouin varieties outside najd extending as far as najran to the south syria to the north hejaz and eastern arabia dhofari arabic spoken in dhofar in southern arabia spoken in yemen oman and the surrounding regions gulf arabic excluding omani arabic dhofari arabic and bahrani arabic spoken in the coast of the persian gulf bahrani arabic spoken in bahrain eastern saudi arabia and oman the following table compares the arabic terms between saudi dialects of urban hejazi and urban najdi in addition to the dialect of the harb tribe 7 with its tribal area najdi urban hejazi and bedouin hejazi groups which shows a correlation and differences between those dialects comparison between a number of dialects in saudi arabia term standard arabic urban hejazi ḥarb tribe hejazi urban groups ḥarb tribe hejazi bedouin groups ḥarb tribe najdi urban najdi water ماء mā ʼ موية mōya ما mā or موية mōya موية mōya what ماذا māḏā إيش ʾēš ويش wēš or وش weš وش wiš i want أريد ʼurīd أبغى ʼabḡa or rarely أبى ʼaba أبى ʼaba أبي ʼabi bread خُبْز ḵubz خُبْز ḵubuz or عيش ʿēš عيش ʿayš خِبْز ḵibz run يَرْكُض yarkuḍu or يَجْرِي yajrī يِجْري yijri يَجْرِي yajri يَرْكُض yarkiẓ يَرْكِظ now الآن alʼān دحين daḥīn or daḥēn ذحين daḥīn هالحين hal ḥīn الحين il ḥīn also أيْضًا ʾayḍan or كَذَٰلِكَ ka ḏālika كمان kamān or برضه barḍu كمان kamān or برضه barẓu برظه كَذَٰلِكَ ka ḏālik بَعَد baʿad coffee قَهْوَة qahwa قَهْوَة gahwa قْهَوَة ghawa قْهَوَة ghawa or قَهْوَة gahwa they said قالوا qālū قالوا gālu قالوا gālaw قالوا gālaw or قالوا gālu cows بَقَر baqar بَقَر bagar بُقَر bugar بِقَر bigar neck رَقَبة raqaba رَقَبة ragaba رْقُبة rguba رْقَبة rgaba little قَليل qalīl قَليل galīl قِليل gilīl strong قَوِيّ qawiyy قَوي gawi قُوي guwi talked to you كَلَّمَكَ kallamaka كَلَّمَك kallamak كَلَّمْك kallamk take خُذْ ḵuḏ خُذْ ḵud خُد خُذْ ḵuḏ خِذْ ḵiḏ all كُلّ kull كُلّ kull كِل kill got bigger كَبُرَ kabura كِبِر kibir كِبَر kibar he drank شَرِب šarib شِرِب širib شِرَب širab i said قُلْت qult قُلْت gult قِلْت gilt tomb قَبْر qabr قَبُر gabur قبر gabir palace قَصر qaṣr قَصُر gaṣur قَصِر gaṣir poverty فَقْر faqr فَقِر fagir or فَقُر fagur فَقِر fagir it dried يَبِس yabis يِبِس yibis يِبَس yibas say قُل qul قول gūl قِل gil or rarely قول gūl go اِذْهَب iḏhab روح rūḥ رح riḥ or rarely روح rūḥ he found لقي laqiya لقي ligi لقى liga she forgot نَسِيَت nasiyat نِسْيَت nisyat نست nisat where أين ʼayn فين fēn وين wēn early morning ضُحَى ḍuḥā ضَحى ḍaḥa ضَحى ẓaḥa ظَحى we were كُنَّا kunnā كُنَّا kunna كِنَّا kinna he inhabited سَكَن sakan سَكَن sakan سِكَن sikan he told the truth صَدَق ṣadaq صَدَق ṣadag صِدَق ṣidag he knows يَعْرِف yaʿrif يِعْرِف yiʿrif يْعَرِف yʿarif he wrote كَتَبَ katab كَتَب katab كِتَب kitab he enters يَدْخُل yadḵul يِدْخُل yidḵul يَدْخُل yadḵul يَدْخِل yadḵil he writes يَكْتُبُ yaktub يِكْتُب yiktub يَكْتِب yaktub يَكْتِب yaktib or يْكَتِب ykatib she sits تَقْعُد taqʿud تِقْعُد tigʿud تَقْعُد tagʿud تَقْعِد tagʿid he woke up صَحِيَ ṣaḥiya or صحا ṣaḥā صِحِي ṣiḥi صَحَا ṣaḥa dig اِحْفِرْ iḥfir اَحْفُر aḥfur اِحْفِرْ iḥfir leave خَلِّ ḵalli خَلِّي ḵalli خل ḵall big كَبير kabīr كَبير kabīr كِبير kibīr truth حَقيقة ḥaqīqa حَقيقة ḥagīga حِقيقة ḥigīga we نَحْن naḥnu احنا iḥna or نحنا niḥna حنا ḥinna them هُم hum َّهُم humma هُم hum this هذا hāḏā هذا hāda هدا هذا hāḏa we count نَحْسِبُ naḥsibu نِحْسِب niḥsib نْحَسِب nḥasib نْحَسِب nḥasib or نِحْسِب niḥsib piece of wood خَشَبَة ḵašaba خَشَبَة ḵašaba خْشِبَة ḵšiba خْشِبَة ḵšiba or خَشَبَة ḵašaba camel جَمَل jamal جَمَل jamal جِمَل jimal جِمَل jimal or جَمَل jamal like مِثْل miṯl or كما kama زَي zay مِثْل miṯl or كما kima or زَي zay مِثْل miṯl or زَي zay he هُوَ huwa هُوَّ huwwa هو hū or huw or huwah or اهو ihwa هو hū or huw see also edit modern standard arabic modern south arabian languages footnotes edit bahrani arabic at ethnologue 27th ed 2024 dhofari arabic at ethnologue 27th ed 2024 eastern egyptian bedawi arabic at ethnologue 27th ed 2024 gulf arabic at ethnologue 27th ed 2024 hadhrami arabic at ethnologue 27th ed 2024 hejazi arabic at ethnologue 27th ed 2024 additional references under language codes in the information box holes clive 2001 dialect culture and society in eastern arabia glossary brill pp xix isbn 9004107630 zhluktenko y a 1988 interlanguage relations and language policy capitalist states and countries of the third world naukova dumka p 190 isbn 9785120001410 alexeyev b a 2003 all asia geographical handbook аст p 311 isbn 9785897371518 1 2 ingham bruce 1994 najdi arabic central arabian amsterdam j benjamins pub co p 8 isbn 155619725x holes clive 2006 the arabic dialects of arabia proceedings of the seminar for arabian studies 36 25 34 issn 0308 8421 jstor 41223878 il hazmy 1975 234 bibliography edit il hazmy alayan 1975 a critical and comparative study of the spoken dialect of the harb tribe in saudi arabia pdf v t e arabic language overviews language alphabet history romanization numerals influence on other languages scripts nabataean script arabic script ancient north arabian ancient south arabian script arabic numerals eastern numerals arabic braille algerian braille maltese braille diacritics ijam tashkil harakat nunation tanwin shaddah hamza dagger alif maltese alphabet letters alif ba ta tha gim ḥa kha dal dhal ra zay sin shin ṣad ḍad ṭa ẓa ayn ghayn fa qaf kaf lam mim nun ha waw ya varieties pre islamic proto arabic nabataean arabic old arabic old hijazi arabic pre classical arabic literary classical modern standard modern spoken maghrebi pre hilalian andalusi sicilian maltese australian cottenera gozitan qormi żejtun żurrieqi urban ceuta tunis north eastern tunisian fessi village eastern sahili sahel sfaxian jijel lesser kabylia western traras msirda jebli mountain judeo maghrebi judeo moroccan judeo tripolitanian judeo tunisian hilalian central hilal algerian judeo algerian algerian saharan eastern algerian eastern hilal tunisian maqil hassaniya nemadi moroccan eastern western western algerian sulaym libyan western egyptian bedawi nile valley egyptian saʽidi sudanese levantine north cilician lebanese syrian aleppine damascene south jordanian palestinian mesopotamian gilit baghdadi khuzestani shawi south north qeltu anatolian cypriot judeo iraqi baghdadi peninsular bahrani bareqi bedawi dhofari gulf bahraini emirati kuwaiti khamseh hejazi k group yafiʽi najdi omani shihhi yemeni hadhrami indonesian sanʽani taʽizzi adeni tihami judeo yemeni others central asian bactrian bukhara kashkadarya khorasani shirvani chadian nigerian sociological bedouin arabic judeo arabic judeo algerian judeo egyptian judeo iraqi baghdadi judeo moroccan kjal wqal judeo palestinian judeo syrian judeo tripolitanian judeo tunisian tunisene judeo yemeni adeni beda habban sanʽani creoles and pidgins bimbashi bongor gulf pidgin jordanian bengali pidgin juba maridi nubi pidgin madam turku academic literature names linguistics standard arabic phonology sun and moon letters tajwid imala irab case grammar triliteral root mater lectionis ipa quranic arabic corpus calligraphy script ajami script diwani hijazi script jawi script jeli thuluth kairouani kufic maghrebi mashq muhaqqaq naskh script nastaliq rasm ruqʽa script shahmukhi sini script taliq script tawqi thuluth technical arabic keyboard arabic script in unicode iso iec 8859 6 windows 1256 ms dos codepages 708 709 710 711 720 864 macarabic encoding other islam and arabic language italics indicate extinct languages languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title peninsular_arabic oldid 1350977457 categories peninsular arabic languages of saudi arabia arabic languages mashriqi arabic hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata language articles citing ethnologue 27 articles containing arabic language text iso language articles citing sources other than ethnologue pages with plain ipa all articles with unsourced statements articles 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