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sistors not including the 512 kbytes l2 cache which adds 25 million transistors and has dimensions of 12 3 mm by 10 4 mm 128 mm 2 it is fabricated in intel s p856 5 process a 250 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor cmos process with five levels of aluminum interconnect 4 the katmai used the same slot based design as the pentium ii but with the newer slot 1 single edge contact cartridge secc 2 that allowed direct cpu core contact with the heat sink there have been some early models of the pentium iii with 450 and 500 mhz packaged in an older secc cartridge intended for original equipment manufacturers oems a notable stepping level for enthusiasts was sl35d this version of katmai was officially rated for 450 mhz but often contained cache chips for the 600 mhz model and thus usually can run at 600 mhz coppermine edit a 900 mhz coppermine fc pga pentium iii coppermine die shot the second version codenamed coppermine intel product code 80526 was released on october 25 1999 running at 500 533 550 600 650 667 700 and 733 mhz from december 1999 to may 2000 intel released pentium iiis running at speeds of 750 800 850 866 900 933 and 1000 mhz 1 ghz both 100 mt s fsb and 133 mt s fsb models were made for models that were already available with the same frequency an e was appended to the model name to indicate cores using the new 180 nm fabrication process an additional b was later appended to designate 133 mhz fsb models resulting in an eb suffix in overall performance coppermine had a small advantage over the advanced micro devices amd athlons it was released against which was reversed when amd applied their own die shrink and added an on die l2 cache to the athlon athlon held the advantage in floating point intensive code while the coppermine could perform better when sse optimizations were used but in practical terms there was little difference in how the two chips performed clock for clock however amd were able to clock the athlon higher reaching speeds of 1 2 ghz before the launch of the pentium 4 in performance coppermine arguably marked a bigger step than katmai by introducing an on chip l2 cache which intel names advanced transfer cache atc the atc operates at the core clock rate and has a capacity of 256 kb twice that of the on chip cache formerly on mendocino celerons it is eight way set associative and is accessed via a double quad word wide 256 bit bus four times as wide as katmai s further latency was dropped to a quarter compared to katmai another marketing term by intel was advanced system buffering which encompassed improvements to better take advantage of a 133 mt s system bus these include 6 fill buffers vs 4 on katmai 8 bus queue entries vs 4 on katmai and 4 write back buffers vs 1 on katmai 5 under competitive pressure from the amd athlon intel reworked the internals finally removing some well known pipeline stalls citation needed as a result applications affected by the stalls ran faster on coppermine by up to 30 citation needed the coppermine contained 29 million transistors and was fabricated in a 180 nm process the coppermine was available in 370 pin fc pga or fc pga2 for use with socket 370 or in secc2 for slot 1 all speeds except 900 and 1100 fc pga and slot 1 coppermine cpus have an exposed die however most higher frequency skus starting with the 866 mhz model were also produced in fc pga2 variants that feature an integrated heat spreader ihs this in itself did not improve thermal conductivity since it added another layer of metal and thermal paste between the die and the heatsink but it greatly assisted in holding the heatsink flat against the die earlier coppermines without the ihs made heatsink mounting challenging 6 if the heatsink was not situated flat against the die heat transfer efficiency was greatly reduced some heatsink manufacturers began providing pads on their products similar to what amd did with the thunderbird athlon to ensure that the heatsink was mounted flatly the enthusiast community went so far as to create shims to assist in maintaining a flat interface 7 a 1 13 ghz version s spec sl4hh was released in mid 2000 but famously recalled after a collaboration between hardocp and tom s hardware 8 discovered various instabilities with the operation of the new cpu speed grade the coppermine core was unable to reliably reach the 1 13 ghz speed without various tweaks to the processor s microcode effective cooling higher voltage 1 75 v vs 1 65 v and specifically validated platforms 8 intel only officially supported the processor on its own vc820 i820 based motherboard but even this motherboard displayed instability in the independent tests of the hardware review sites in benchmarks that were stable performance was shown to be sub par with the 1 13 ghz cpu equalling a 1 0 ghz model tom s hardware attributed this performance deficit to relaxed tuning of the cpu and motherboard to improve stability 9 intel needed at least six months to resolve the problems using a new cd0 stepping and re released 1 1 ghz and 1 13 ghz versions in 2001 microsoft s xbox game console uses a variant of the pentium iii mobile celeron family in a micro pga2 form factor the sspec designator of the chips is sl5sx which makes it more similar to the mobile celeron coppermine 128 processor it shares with the coppermine 128 celeron its 128 kb l2 cache and 180 nm process technology but keeps the 8 way cache associativity from the pentium iii 10 although its codename could give the impression that it used copper interconnects in reality its interconnects were aluminium coppermine t edit this revision is an intermediate step between coppermine and tualatin with support for lower voltage system logic present on the latter but core power within previously defined voltage specs of the former so it could work in older system boards intel used the latest fc pga2 coppermines with the cd0 stepping and modified them so that they worked with low voltage system bus operation at 1 25 v agtl as well as normal 1 5 v agtl signal levels and would auto detect differential or single ended clocking this modification made them compatible to the latest generation socket 370 boards supporting tualatin cpus while maintaining compatibility with older socket 370 boards the coppermine t also had two way symmetrical multiprocessing capabilities but only in tualatin boards they can be distinguished from tualatin processors by their part numbers which include the digits 80533 e g the 1133 mhz sl5qk p n is rk80533pz006256 while the 1000 mhz sl5qj p n is rk80533pz001256 11 tualatin edit a 1 13 ghz fc pga2 tualatin 256 intel pentium iii t tualatin die shot the third revision tualatin 80530 was a trial for intel s new 130 nm process tualatin based pentium iiis were released during 2001 until early 2002 at speeds of 1 0 1 13 1 2 1 26 1 33 and 1 4 ghz a basic shrink of coppermine no new features were added except for added data prefetch logic similar to pentium 4 and athlon xp for potentially better use of the l2 cache although its use compared to these newer cpus is limited due to the relatively smaller fsb bandwidth fsb was still kept at 133 mhz 12 variants with 256 and 512 kb l2 cache were produced the latter being dubbed pentium iii s this variant was mainly intended for low power consumption servers and also exclusively featured smp support within the tualatin line although the socket 370 designation was kept the use of 1 25 v agtl signaling in place of 1 5 v agtl rendered prior motherboards incompatible 12 this confusion carried over to the chipset naming where only the b stepping of the i815 chipset was compatible with tualatin processors 13 a new vrm guideline was also designed by intel version 8 5 which required finer voltage steps and debuted load line vcore in place of fixed voltage regardless of current on 8 4 14 15 16 some motherboard manufacturers would mark the change with blue sockets instead of white and were often also backwards compatible with coppermine cpus the tualatin also formed the basis for the highly popular pentium iii m mobile processor which became intel s front line mobile chip the pentium 4 drew significantly more power and so was not well suited for this role for the next two years and further the pentium m processor the chip offered a good balance between power consumption and performance thus finding a place in both performance notebooks and the thin and light category the tualatin based pentium iii performed well in some applications compared to the fastest willamette based pentium 4 and even the thunderbird based athlons despite this its appeal was limited due to the aforementioned incompatibility with existing systems and intel s only officially supported chipset for tualatins the i815 could only handle 512 mb ram as opposed to 1 gb of registered ram with the older incompatible 440bx chipset however the enthusiast community found a way to run tualatins on then ubiquitous bx chipset based boards although it was often a non trivial task and required some degree of technical skills tualatin based pentium iii cpus can usually be visually distinguished from coppermine based processors by the metal integrated heat spreader ihs fixed on top of the package however the last models of coppermine pentium iiis also featured the ihs the integrated heat spreader is actually what distinguishes the fc pga2 package from the fc pga both are for socket 370 motherboards 17 before the addition of the heat spreader it was sometimes difficult to install a heatsink on a pentium iii one had to be careful not to put force on the core at an angle because doing so would cause the edges and corners of the core to crack and could destroy the cpu it was also sometimes difficult to achieve a flat mating of the cpu and heatsink surfaces a factor of critical importance to good heat transfer this became increasingly challenging with the socket 370 cpus compared with their slot 1 predecessors because of the force required to mount a socket based cooler and the narrower 2 sided mounting mechanism slot 1 featured 4 point mounting as such and because the 130 nm tualatin had an even smaller core surface area than the 180 nm coppermine intel installed the metal heatspreader on tualatin and all future desktop processors the tualatin core was named after the tualatin valley and tualatin river in oregon where intel has large manufacturing and design facilities new features edit streaming simd extensions edit slot 1 pentium iii cpu mounted on a motherboard since katmai was built in the same 250 nm process as pentium ii deschutes it had to implement streaming simd extensions sse using minimal silicon 18 to achieve this goal intel implemented the 128 bit architecture by double cycling the existing 64 bit data paths and by merging the simd fp multiplier unit with the x87 scalar fpu multiplier into a single unit to utilize the existing 64 bit data paths katmai issues each simd fp instruction as two μops to compensate partially for implementing only half of sse s architectural width katmai implements the simd fp adder as a separate unit on the second dispatch port this organization allows one half of a simd multiply and one half of an independent simd add to be issued together bringing the peak throughput back to four floating point operations per cycle at least for code with an even distribution of multiplies and adds 4 19 the issue was that katmai s hardware implementation contradicted the parallelism model implied by the sse instruction set programmers faced a code scheduling dilemma should the sse code be tuned for katmai s limited execution resources or should it be tuned for a future processor with more resources katmai specific sse optimizations yielded the best possible performance from the pentium iii family but was suboptimal for coppermine onwards as well as future intel processors such as the pentium 4 and core series processor serial number edit the pentium iii was the first x86 cpu to include a unique retrievable identification number called processor serial number psn a pentium iii s psn can be read by software 20 through the cpuid instruction if this feature has not been disabled through the bios on november 29 1999 the science and technology options assessment stoa panel of the european parliament following their report on electronic surveillance techniques asked parliamentary committee members to consider legal measures that would prevent these chips from being installed in the computers of european citizens 21 intel eventually removed the psn feature from tualatin based pentium iiis and the feature was absent in pentium 4 and pentium m a largely equivalent feature the protected processor identification number ppin was later added to x86 cpus with little public notice starting with intel s ivy bridge architecture and compatible zen 2 amd cpus it is implemented as a set of model specific registers and is useful for machine check exception handling 22 hardware random number generator edit a new feature was added to the pentium iii a hardware based random number generator 23 24 this hardware rng uses multiple oscillators that mix their signals the resulting unusual waveform is then sampled at irregular intervals 25 core specifications edit code name first re lease pro cess size cache instruc tions package vcore v clock rate mhz front side bus mt s l1 data instr l2 katmai feb 26 1999 250 nm 16 16 kb 512 kb half speed mmx sse slot 1 secc secc2 2 00 600 mhz 2 05 600 mhz 450 500 550 600 450 500 550 600 0 100 533 600 533b 600b 0 133 copper mine oct 25 1999 180 nm 256 kb full speed slot 1 secc2 socket 370 fc pga fc pga2 1 60 1 65 1 70 1 75 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 e models 0 100 533 600 667 733 800 866 933 1000 1133 eb models 0 133 copper mine t june 2001 socket 370 fc pga2 1 75 800 866 933 1000 1133 0 133 tualatin 130 nm 256 kb full speed mmx sse hardware prefetch 1 45 1 475 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 celeron 0 100 1000 1133 1200 1333 1400 pentium iii 0 133 512 kb full speed 1133 1266 1400 pentium iii s list of intel pentium iii processors size comparison of pentium iii dies see also edit list of intel pentium iii processors list of intel celeron processors references edit 1 2 product change notification 102839 00 pdf intel october 14 2002 archived from the original pdf on march 22 2003 retrieved october 14 2019 1 2 product change notification 104109 00 pdf intel may 14 2004 archived from the original pdf on july 19 2004 retrieved october 14 2019 microprocessor hall of fame intel corporation archived from the original on april 6 2008 retrieved august 11 2007 1 2 diefendorff keith march 8 1999 pentium iii pentium ii sse internet sse architecture boosts multimedia performance pdf microprocessor report 13 3 retrieved september 1 2017 pabst thomas october 25 1999 coppermine s new enhancements retrieved september 1 2017 alpha fc pal35t pop66t cooler review the tech zone april 12 2000 archived from the original on june 27 2006 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