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age contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 management science 2 arts 3 aspects of performance art 4 performance state toggle performance state subsection 4 1 stage fright 5 see also 6 references 7 further reading toggle the table of contents performance 39 languages afrikaans العربية беларуская български bosanski کوردی чӑвашла deutsch esperanto español eesti فارسی עברית हिन्दी hrvatski ido 日本語 қазақша ಕನ್ನಡ 한국어 kurdî кыргызча latina lietuvių norsk nynorsk polski русский simple english soomaaliga svenska тоҷикӣ tagalog ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 粵語 中文 isizulu edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia act of staging or presenting a form of entertainment for other uses see performance disambiguation a stage performance of don quixote at the teresa carreño cultural complex in venezuela 2013 a performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play concert or other forms of entertainment it is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action task or function 1 management science edit in the work place job performance is the hypothesized conception or requirements of a role there are two types of job performances contextual and task task performance is dependent on cognitive ability while contextual performance is dependent on personality 2 task performance relates to behavioral roles that are recognized in job descriptions and remuneration systems they are directly related to organizational performance whereas contextual performances are value based and add additional behavioral roles that are not recognized in job descriptions and covered by compensation these are extra roles that are indirectly related to organizational performance 3 citizenship performance like contextual performance relates to a set of individual activity contribution prosocial organizational behavior that supports organizational culture 4 5 arts edit tang dynasty horseback musicians in performing arts a performance generally comprises an event in which a performer or group of performers present one or more works of art to an audience in instrumental music and drama a performance is typically described as a play 6 typically the performers participate in rehearsals beforehand to practice the work citation needed an effective performance is determined by the achieved skills and competency of the performer also known as the level of skill and knowledge citation needed in 1994 spencer and mcclelland defined competency as a combination of motives traits self concepts attitudes cognitive behavior skills content knowledge that helps a performer to differentiate themselves as superior from the average performer 7 a performance also describes the way in which an actor performs in a solo capacity it may also refer to a mime artist comedian conjurer magician or other entertainer aspects of performance art edit another aspect of performance that grew in popularity in the early 20th century is performance art citation needed the origins of performance art started with dada and russian constructivism groups focusing on avant garde poetry readings and live paintings meant to be viewed by an audience it can be scripted or completely improvised and includes audience participation if desired 8 the emergence of abstract expressionism in the 1950s with jackson pollock and willem de kooning gave way to action painting a technique that emphasized the dynamic movements of artists as they splattered paint and other media on canvas or glass for these artists the motion of putting paint on canvas was just as valuable as the finished painting and so it was common for artists to document their work in film such as the short film jackson pollock 51 1951 featuring pollock dripping paint onto a massive canvas on his studio floor 9 situationists in france led by guy debord married avant garde art with revolutionary politics to incite everyday acts of anarchy the naked city map 1957 fragments the 19 sections of paris featuring the technique of détournement and abstraction of the traditional environment deconstructing the geometry and order of a typical city map 10 at the new school for social research in new york john cage and allan kaprow became involved in developing happening performance art these carefully scripted one off events incorporated the audience into acts of chaos and spontaneity these happenings challenged traditional art conventions and encouraged artists to carefully consider the role of an audience 11 in japan the 1954 gutai group led by yoshihara jiro kanayma akira murakami saburo kazuo shiraga and shimamoto shozo made the materials of art making come to life with body movement and blurring the line between art and theater kazuo shiraga s challenging mud 1955 is a performance of the artist rolling and moving in mud using their body as the art making tool and emphasizing the temporary nature of performance art citation needed valie export an austrian artist born waltraud lehner performed tap and touch cinema in 1968 she walked around the streets in vienna during a film festival wearing a styrofoam box with a curtain over her chest bystanders were asked to put their hands inside the box and touch her bare chest this commentary on women sexualization in film focused on the sense of touch rather than sight 12 adrian piper and her performance catalysis iii 1970 featured the artist walking down new york city streets with her outfit painted white and a sign across her chest that said wet paint she was interested in the invisible social and racial dynamics in america and was determined to encourage civic mindedness and interruption of the system 8 13 carolee schneemann american artist performed interior scroll in 1975 where she unrolls super 8 film kitsch s last meal from her genitals this nude performance contributes to a discourse on femininity sexualization and film citation needed performance state edit english rock band deep purple performing in hoyos del espino spain 2013 williams and krane define the ideal performance state as a mental state having the following characteristics 14 absence of fear not thinking about the performance adaptive focus on the activity a sense of effortlessness and belief in confidence or self efficacy a sense of personal control a distortion of time and space where time does not affect the activity other related factors are motivation to achieve success or avoid failure task relevant attention positive self talk and cognitive regulation to achieve automaticity performance is also dependent on adaptation of eight areas handling crisis managing stress creative problem solving knowing necessary functional tools and skills agile management of complex processes interpersonal adaptability cultural adaptability and physical fitness 15 performance is not always a result of practice but rather about honing in a skill over practicing itself can result in failure due to ego depletion 16 according to andranik tangian the best results are achieved when spontaneity and even improvisation are backed up by rational elements that arrange means of expression in a certain structure supporting the communication not just verbal with the audience 17 18 stage fright edit kristin chenoweth performs the united states national anthem at a baseball game theatrical performances especially when the audience is limited to only a few observers can lead to significant increases in the performer s heart rate this increase takes place in several stages relative to the performance itself including anticipatory activation one minute before the start of subject s speaking role confrontation activation during the subject s speaking role at which point their heart rate peaks and release period one minute after the conclusion of the subject s speech 19 the same physiological reactions can be experienced in other mediums such as instrumental performance when experiments were conducted to determine whether there was a correlation between audience size and heart rate an indicator of anxiety of instrumental performers the researcher s findings ran contrary to previous studies showing a positive correlation rather than a negative one 20 heart rate shares a strong positive correlation with the self reported anxiety of performers 21 other physiological responses to public performance include perspiration secretion of the adrenal glands and increased blood pressure 22 see also edit arts portal ballet choral music circus entertainment executive functions opera operetta performativity performance art dance poetry performance storytelling performance management performance science recital stadium stagecraft theater play participatory theatre references edit performance at wikipedia s sister projects definitions from wiktionary media from commons quotations from wikiquote data from wikidata definition of performance dictionary com retrieved 15 october 2020 ivan t robertson cary l cooper 12 january 2015 personnel psychology and human resources management a reader for students and practitioners wiley pp 24 isbn 978 1 119 09060 1 paul r martin 1 march 2011 iaap handbook of applied psychology john wiley sons pp 240 isbn 978 1 4443 9514 3 winston bennett charles e lance david j woehr 2014 performance measurement current perspectives and future challenges psychology press pp 115 116 isbn 978 1 317 82454 1 sonnentag s frese m 2009 dynamic performance in s w j kozlowski ed the oxford handbook of industrial and organizational psychology andreas dorschel music as play in paulo de assis ed virtual works actual things essays in musical ontology leuven university press leuven 2018 orpheus institute series pp 115 133 pdf online shippmann jeffery s ash ronald a batjtsta mariangela carr linda eyde lorraine d hesketh beryl kehoe jerry pearlman kenneth prien erich p sanchez juan i 2000 the practice of competency modeling personnel psychology 53 3 703 740 doi 10 1111 j 1744 6570 2000 tb00220 x issn 0031 5826 1 2 kelseymt 7 september 2015 adrian piper performances and activism more than three women artists retrieved 24 november 2019 jackson pollock 51 short film captures the painter creating abstract expressionist art open culture retrieved 21 november 2019 the naked city homepages phonecoop coop archived from the original on 27 november 2020 retrieved 21 november 2019 cain abigail 12 march 2016 a brief history of happenings and their impact on art artsy retrieved 21 november 2019 valie export art bio ideas the art story retrieved 24 november 2019 smith terry september 2011 currents of world making in contemporary art world art 1 2 171 188 doi 10 1080 21500894 2011 602712 issn 2150 0894 s2cid 191639109 haff g gregory triplett n travis 2015 essentials of strength training and conditioning 4th ed human kinetics pp 156 57 isbn 978 1 4925 0162 6 frank j landy jeffrey m conte 2010 work in the 21st century an introduction to industrial and organizational psychology john wiley sons p 193 isbn 978 1 4051 9025 1 smith jessi l hardy tiffany arkin robert 2009 when practice doesn t make perfect effort expenditure as an active behavioral self handicapping strategy journal of research in personality 43 95 98 doi 10 1016 j jrp 2008 10 004 tangian andranik 1997 performance interpretation by segmentation and its notation contemporary theatre review 6 4 79 97 doi 10 1080 10486809708568438 tangian andranik 1999 towards a generative theory of interpretation for performance modeling musicae scientiae 3 2 237 267 doi 10 1177 102986499900300205 s2cid 145716284 baldwin sandra 1980 effect of speakers sex and size of audience on heart rate changes during short impromptu speeches psychological reports 46 1 123 130 doi 10 2466 pr0 1980 46 1 123 pmid 7367532 s2cid 20025236 studer regina 2014 psychophysiological activation during preparation performance and recovery in high and low anxious music students pdf applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 39 1 association for applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 45 57 doi 10 1007 s10484 014 9240 2 pmid 24477850 s2cid 43418025 maclntyre valerie 2010 heart rate variability as a predictor of speaking anxiety communication research reports 27 4 286 297 doi 10 1080 08824096 2010 496323 s2cid 55686972 brutten eugene 1963 a palmer sweat investigation of the effect of audience variation upon stage fright speech monographs 30 2 92 96 doi 10 1080 03637756309375363 further reading edit bell b s kozlowski s w j 2008 active learning effects of core training design elements on self regulatory processes learning and adaptability journal of applied psychology 93 296 316 fadde p j klein g a 2010 deliberate performance accelerating expertise in natural settings performance improvement international_society_for_performance_improvement 49 5 15 freeman s eddy s mcdounough m et al 2014 active learning increases student performance in science engineering and mathematics pnas 111 8410 8414 gagne r m 1962 military training and principles of learning american psychologist 17 83 91 lohman m 2002 cultivating problem solving skills through problem based approaches to professional development human resource development quarterly 13 243 256 meyer r 2002 problem solving skills through problem based approaches to professional development human resource development quarterly 13 263 270 noordzu g hooft e mierlo h et al 2013 the effects of a learning goal orientation training on self regulation a field experiment among unemployed job seekers personnel psychology 66 723 755 authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data japan israel retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title performance oldid 1367503670 categories performing arts television terminology personality stagecraft performances hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from november 2025 all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from october 2025 pages using sister project links with hidden wikidata this page was last edited on 3 august 2026 at 13 28 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a 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